1. CREATED AND COMPILED BY: AREESHA
GROUP MEMEBERS: AMMARA, AREESHA , ZEENAT, QURAT-UL-AIN

3. MAJOR
MOUNTAIN
RANGES
HIMALAYAS KARAKORAM HINDU KUSH

5. Mount Everest is the Earth's highest mountain, with a peak at 8,848
metres above sea level and the 5th tallest mountain measured from the
centre of the Earth. It is located in the Mahalangur section of the
Himalayas

6. BALTORO GLACIERS at 62 kilometers long, is
one of the longest glaciers outside the polar
regions. It is located in Baltistan in the Gilgit-
Baltistan region of Pakistan, and runs through
part of the Karakoram mountain range. The
glacier gives rise to the Shigar River, which is a
tributary of the Indus River.

8. NANGA PARBAT- is the ninth highest mountain in the world and the
western anchor of the Himalayas. Located in Baltistan, Gilgit-Baltistan
region of Pakistan, Nanga Parbat is one of the eight-thousanders, with a
summit elevation of 8,126 metres (26,660 ft).

10. DUDIPATSAR LAKE is a lake encircled by snow clad peaks in Lulusar-Dudipatsar
National Park. The lake lies in the extreme north of the Kaghan Valley, in the Mansehra
District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, in northern Pakistan. The word "dudi" means
white, "pat" means mountains and "sar" means lake. The lake's water is a beautiful
greenish blue hue and very cold, at an elevation of 3,800 metres (12,500 ft). Their natural
habitat is in the Western Himalayan alpine shrub and meadows ecoregion

11. Saiful Muluk is an alpine lake located at the northern end of the Kaghan Valley,
near the town of Naran. It is in the north east of Mansehra District in the Khyber-
Pakhtunkhwa province, Pakistan. The impact of the lake beauty is of such extent
that people believe that fairies come down to lake in full moon.

16. CHITRAL VALLEY is the capital of the Chitral District, situated on the western bank of the
Kunar River (also called Chitral River), in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The town is at
the foot of Tirich Mir, the highest peak of the Hindu Kush. in contrast to more southerly
valleys of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Chitral has a dry with almost no rainfall during the very
hot summers.

17. KAGHAN VALLEY is a valley in the north-east of Mansehra District of the Khyber
Pakhtunkhwa Province of Pakistan. It attracts many tourists from around the world.
The region is Alpine in geography and climate, with forests and meadows dominating
the landscape below peaks that reach over 17,000 feet. The valley extends 155 km

18. KALAM VALLEY-is a village along the upper reaches of the in Swat Valley in the
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. Kalam is known for its waterfalls, lakes
and lush green hills, and is a 270 km drive from Islamabad, the capital of Pakistan. It is
a popular destination for tourists. In Kalam the Ushu and Utrot rivers join to form the
Swat River.

19. Malam Jabba is a Hill Station in the
Karakoram mountain range nearly
40 km from Saidu Sharif in Swat
Valley, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa,
Pakistan. It is 314 km from Islamabad
and 51 km from Saidu Sharif Airport.
Malam Jabba is home to the only ski
resort in Pakistan

20. MURREE is a hill
station, summer resort
and the administrative
centre of Murree Tehsil,
Pakistan, which is a
subdivision of Rawalpindi
District and includes the
Murree Hills. the city of
Murree, draped in forests
of pine, and oak,
experiences pleasant
summers and cold, snowy
winters. The city is
famous for its buildings
style
Murree is located along
the Islamabad-Murree
Highway, some 58.3 km
(36.2 mi) northeast of
Islamabad.

22. DESERTS
COLD DESERT
INDUS VALLEY
DESERT
KHARAN DESERT CHOLISTAN DESERT
THAL DESERT THAR DESERT

24. THE INDUS VALLEY DESERT is located in the northern area of Pakistan.
The desert spans an area of 19,500 square kilometers and is surrounded by
northwestern scrub forests. The Indus Valley Desert lies between two major
rivers in the region, the Chenab and the Indus.

25. THE KHARAN DESERT is located in Kharan District, Balochistan,
Pakistan. The desert was used for nuclear testing by the Pakistan military,
making it the most famous of the five deserts. The desert is in the center of
a large empty basin.

26. THE CHOLISTAN DESERT spans an area of 16,000 square kilometers. The
name "Cholistan" is derived from the Turkish word "chol" meaning "desert" though
the desert is locally known as the Rohi. The desert hosts an annual jeep rally,
which draws many tourists.

27. THE THAL DESERT is situated in Punjab, Pakistan
between the Indus and Jhelum rivers. A large canal-
building project is currently underway to irrigate the land.
Irrigation will make most of the desert suitable for farming.

28. THE THAR DESERT spans a stammering 200,000 square
kilometers and covers large areas of both Pakistan and India. It is
the seventh largest desert on the planet and the third largest in
Asia.

30. FORESTS
CONIFEROUS
TROPICAL DRY
DECIDIOUS
ALPINE TEMPERATE
MANGROVE
SUB-
TROPICAL

31. THE CONIFEROUS FORESTS occur from 1,000 to 4,000 m altitudes. Chitral, Swat,
Upper Dir, Lower Dir, Malakand, Mansehra and Abbottabad districts of Khyber
Pakhtunkhwa, Azad Kashmir and Islamabad district of the Punjab are the main
areas covered with coniferous forests. The Coniferous forests also occur in
Balochistan hills. Chilghoza pine (Pinus gerardiana) and juniper (Juniperous
macropoda) are the two most common species of Balochistan.

32. THE ALPINE FORESTS Alpine forests of Pakistan are found at very high elevations in the
mountainous regions of Himalaya, Karakoram and Hidukush. These forests are subdivided into
Sub Alpine forests, Alpine scrub and Alpine pastures. The Sub Alpine forests grow to the tree
limit and due to harsh climatic conditions tree density is low and growth is stunted. Alpine scrubs
include shrub formations 1 m to 2 m high extending 150 m or more above the sub-alpine forests.
Alpine pastures are situated above the tree line of 4000 meters, where growing season is very
short and vegetation mainly consists of perennial, herbaceous plants. These high altitude pastures
are found mostly in the northern districts of Gilgit, Diamer, Chitral and Skardu

33. THE MANGROVE wetlands are located in the Indus River Delta in Sindh.
Other saltwater wetlands are located on the coast of Balochistan such as at
Sonmiani and Jiwani. These support mangrove forestry, mainly of species
Avicennia marina as well as bamboo species and marsh grasses of Apluda and
Cenchrus.

34. THE TROPICAL DRY DECIDIOUS FORESTS: These are forests of low or
moderate height consisting almost entirely of deciduous species. This type does not
occur extensively in Pakistan but there are limited areas in the Rawalpindi foothills
carrying this vegetation type. The chief tree species are Lannea (Kamlai, Kembal)
Bombax ceiba (Semal), Sterculia, Flacourtia (Kakoh, Kangu), Mallotus (Kamila, Raiuni)
and Acacia catechu (Kath). Common shrubs are Adhatoda (Bankar, Basuti, Bansha),
Gymnosporia (Putaki) and Indigofera (Kathi, Kainthi).

35. THE TEMPERATE FORESTS
are mostly evergreen natural
forests of conifers, growing
between elevations of 1500-4000
meters above sea level in the
northern mountainous regions of
Pakistan and Kashmir.
Economically coniferous forests
are more important as they are
Pakistan’s major sources of
commercial timber. temperate
forests of Pakistan are sub-
divided into moist and dry
temperate, depending on the
rainfall. Moist temperate forests
of Pakistan are concentrated in
the northern districts of Muree
and Galiat hills, Kaghan valley,
Kashmir region, Allai valley,
Siran valley and Swat Valley
while dry temperate forests are
mostly found in the northern
districts of Dir, Chitral, Kohistan,
Diamer and Gilgit etc.

36. SUB-TROPICAL FORESTS
are found in the lower reaches of
Himalya, Hindukush and
Sulaiman Ranges between 600-
1700 m above sea level. These
forests are subdivided into sub
tropical broad-leaved forest and
sub tropical pine forests. Kau,
phulai & Chir pine (Pinus
roxburghii) is the major specie
found.

43. RIVERS
CHINAB
INDUS
VALLEY
JEHLUM RAVI SUTLUJ

44. THE RIVER CHINAB: is also a major river in Pakistan. Chenab River is
generally considered to be the second healthiest river of country after River
Indus. This river begins from Himachal Pradesh, provinces of India. It
enters Pakistan at Sialko. The length of river in pakistan is about 724 km &
the important engineering projects are Marala Barrage & khanki Barrage

45. THE INDUS RIVER: is the most famous, major and the longest river in
Pakistan. It crosses the Himalayas through a 5181 m deep gorge near Attock,
lying north of the Nanga Parbat and later takes a bend to the south west
direction before entering Sarhad. Total length of river is about 2700 km. The
famous Dam Tarbela & GaziBrotha Hydro Power Project are the most
important engineering works on this river. Blind Dolfin is found in this river

46. THE JHELUM is also another major river in Pakistan. This is a large eastern river
of the Indus, and amongst the few rivers that begin from Kashmir. The Mangla
Dam the second large dam of Pakistan is constructed on this river which is also one
of the largest land-fill dams and a famous attractive spot for the tourists. Its
reservoir are irrigating about 3,000,000 acres of land in Pakistan and its electricity
production capacity is 300 MW. Total length in Pakistan is 379 miles

47. THE RAVI is a famous river of Pakistan. Ravi origins in the Himalayas in the
Indian State of Himachal Pradesh. Lahore, a famous, historical, ancient city and
the capital of Punjab is situated at the bank of ravi River. Hydrology of Ravi River
is dependent on spring snow melt. The length in Pakistan is 675 km the important
engineering works are Balloki and Sindh nai head works.

48. RIVER SUTLUJ is the longest river It Flows from Northwest and West –
South West via Himalayan valleys Sutlej River has also its another name i. e
Red River. According to sindh tas India has stopped its water supply
completely to Pakistan by construction of different dams and barrages. Now
only in case of flood its water flows to Pakistan. Its total length in Pakistan in
about 526 km. important engineering are Dialpir canal, Islam Barrage,
SulemankiBarrye

50. NATURAL RESOURCES:
Natural resources occur naturally within environments
that exist relatively undisturbed by mankind, in a natural
form.
Natural resources are derived from the environment
Examples of natural resources are air, water, wood, crude
oil, solar energy, wind energy, hydro-electric energy, and
coal

51. NATURAL
RESOURCES
RENEWABLE
RESOURCES
NONRENEWABLE
RESOURCES

52. Coal is used in thermal power station, for making
bricks and furnaces. About 80 percent of cement
industry has now switched over to indigenous coal. The
coal field in the SINDH PROVINCE has huge coal
resources of about 175 billion tones. Pakistan is blessed
with coal reservoirs in SINDH, PUNJAB &
BALOCHISTAN. Majorly found in THAR,
HARNAI,QUETTA & other sites.

53. COAL MINE IN
BALOCHISTAN

54. The miraculous Pakistan is blessed with large reserves of natural gas by the
ALLAH. Natural gas is used in domestic cooking, thermal power stations and
steel furnaces and as a raw material for fertilizer industry and in CNG kits for
transport purpose. The Sui gas field is the biggest natural gas field in the
Pakistan. It is located near SUI in BALOCHISTAN & also found in Attock,
Pirkoh and Kandhkot. The SUI gas field accounts for 26% of Pakistan’s gas
production. Remaining reserves are estimated to be at about 800 billion cubic
feet and the daily production is around 660 million cubic feet of natural.

55. Pakistan is the only country for having the worlds
largest salt mines with proven reserves of about 10
billion ton in three mines including more than 6.687
billion ton only in the Khewra rocky salt mine, located
in the area of district Jhelum. Other two salt mines are
Warcha and Kalabagh.

56. ROCK SALT MINE IN KHEWRA
(PUNJAB)

57. GOLD- In Reko Diq, Baluchistan, deposits of gold are present.
Pakistan have enough gold that it can collect more gold than
America and China in its reserves but only will is needed.

58. GOLD MINE IN
BALOCHISTAN (REKO DIQ)

59. COPPER MINE CHROMITE MINE AT CHAGAI
SULPHUR MINE LIMESTONE MINE IN POTOHAR

60. SULPHUR MAGNESIT
E
IRON
COPPER PETROLEU
M
CHROMIT
E

61. MARBLE GYPSUM LIME STONE
CLAY BARITE SOAP STONE

62. QUARTZTOPAZ
RUBY
ZIRCON
EMERALDFELD-SPAR