1. S.S.G. PAREEK PG COLLEGE
 SUBMITTED BY :-
AJAY KUMAR YADAV
M.Sc (FINAL)
ZOOLOGY
 SUBMITTED TO:-
RAJNEESH MISHRA
(HOD)
ZOOLOGY
CONSERVATION OF
BIODIVERSITY

2. CONTENT :-
BIODIVERSITY
VALUE OF BIODIVERITY
TYPES OF BIODIVERSITY
CONSERVATION OF
BIODIVERSITY
IN-SITU CONSERVATION
EX-SITU CONSERVATION

3. What is BIODIVERSITY ?
 BIO means “life” and DIVERSITY means
“variety”. Hence the biodiversity refers to wide
variety of life on the earth.
 Definition :- The presence of different species of
plants, animals, reptiles, birds, etc over a
particular piece of land.
 Variety in the species is influenced by many
factors like – physical ,chemical , climatic. Which
results in the formation of new species.

4. VALUE OF BIODIVERSITY :-
 BIODIVERSITY is very important for maintaining
the ecological balance of a place.
 It provide so much of useful resources necessary
for the survival.
 Without biodiversity, there would be no life and
almost all species will extinct.
 Biodiversity is threatened by several human
activities.
 Therefore, all the biodiversity reserves must be
protected at all costs by taking necessary steps.

5. Types of biodiversity
Genetic diversity
Species diversity
Ecosystem diversity
1
2
3

7. 1) Genetic diversity:-
 Within individual species there
are number of varieties which
are slightly different from one
another.
 These differences are due to
difference in the combination of
genes.
 Genes are the basic unit of
hereditary information,
transmitted from one generation
to another.

8. 2) Species diversity:-
It refers to the variety of
species with in a region.
Species diversity is an
index that in corporates
the number of species in
an area.

9. 3) Ecosystem diversity:-
 Ecosystem diversity refers to the
diversity of a place at the level of
ecosystems.
 A large region with different
ecosystems can be considered
as ecosystem diversity.
 The ecosystem also show
variation with respect to physical
parameters like moisture,
temperature, altitude,
precipitation, …etc.

10. THERE ARE TWO APPROACHES OF
BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION:-
 In-situ conservation(with in habitat):- this
is achieved by protection of wild flora and
fauna in nature itself.
example- biosphere reserve, national park,
sanctuaries…etc.
Ex-situ conservation(outside habitats):-this
is done by establishing of gene banks,
seed banks, zoo, botanical garden…etc.

11. Biodiversity conservation
In-situ
conservation
Ex-situ
conservation
Biosphere reserve
National park
Wildlife sanctuaries
forest
Botanical garden
Gene bank
Seed bank
Zoos
Tissue culture

12. IN-SITU CONSERVATION
1. NATIONAL PARKS:-
 A national park is an area which is strictly reserved
for the betterment of the wildlife.
 Where activities like forestry, grazing on cultivation
are not permitted.
In these parks, even private ownership rights are not
allowed.
 Their boundaries are well marked and
circumscribed. They are usually small reserves
spreading in an area of 100 Sq. km. to 500 sq. km. .

13. IN-SITU CONSERVATION
2. WILDLIFE SANCTUARIES:-
A sanctuary is a protected area which is
reserved for the conservation of only animals.
 Human activities like harvesting of timber,
collecting minor forest products and private
ownership rights are allowed as long as they
do not interfere with well-being of animals.
Boundaries of sanctuaries are not well
defined and controlled biotic interference is
permitted, e.g., tourist activity.

14. IN-SITU CONSERVATION
3. BIOSPHERE RESERVES:-
It is a special category of protected areas where
human population also forms a part of the system.
They are large protected area of usually more than
5000 sq.km.
A biosphere reserves has 3 parts-
Core
Buffer
Transition zone.

15. EX-SITU CONSERVATION
1. SEED GENE BANK:-
These are cold storages where seeds are
kept under controlled temperature and
humidity for storage.
This is easiest way to store the germ plasma
of plants at low temperature.
Seeds preserved under controlled conditions
(minus temperature) remain viable for long
durations of time.

16. EX-SITU CONSERVATION
2. GENE BANK:-
Genetic variability also is preserved by
gene bank under normal growing
conditions.
 These are cold storages where genes are
kept under controlled temperature and
humidity for storage; this is an important
way of preserving the genetic resources.

17. EX-SITU CONSERVATION
3. BOTANICAL GARDENS:
A botanical garden is a place where flowers,
fruits and vegetables are grown.
 The botanical gardens provide beauty and
calm environment.
 Most of them have started keeping exotic
plants for educational and research
purposes.

18. EX-SITU CONSERVATION
4. ZOOLOGICAL GARDENS:
In zoos, captivity and conservation of wild
animals (rare, endangered species).
. In world there are about 800 zoos.
The oldest zoo, which exists today also, was
established in VIENNA in 1759.
In India, the 1st zoo is in Chennai (formerly
known as madras zoo) formed in 1855.

19. REFERENCES:-
 WWW. SLIDE SHARE .COM
 WWW. PATH FINDER
 TEXT BOOK
 WWW. WIKIPEDIA . COM