Reported speech and reporting verbs.

1. REPORTED SPEECH
Do you remember?
We change verb tenses in this way:
Verb form in direct speech Verb form in reported
speech
Present Simple Past Simple
Present Continuous Past Continuous
Present Perfect Simple Past Perfect
Past Simple Past Perfect
am/is/are going to was/were going to
will would
can could
must Had to

2. Time expressions also change:
Do you remember more time expressions and how
they change? If so, leave a comment!
tomorrow the next day
next week the following week
last week the week before

3. REPORTING STATEMENTS
Direct Speech
I've already had an operation.
Reported Speech
She told me she'd already had one operation.

4. REPORTING YES/NO QUESTIONS
Direct Speech
Are you working at the moment?
Reported Speech
She asked me if/whether I was working at the
moment.

5. REPORTING WH- QUESTIONS
Direct Speech
Where have you studied acting?
Reported Speech
He wanted to know where I'd studied acting.

6. REPORTING IMPERATIVES
Direct Speech
Study hard for your exam!
Reported Speech
The teacher told us to study hard for our exam.

7. REPORTING IMPERATIVES
Direct Speech
Don't throw papers on the floor!
Reported Speech
The teacher told us not to throw papers on the
floor.

8. Reporting Verbs:
INVITE REMIND WARN +object+(not)+ to infinitive
OFFER REFUSE PROMISE
AGREE THREATEN
+(not)+to infinitive
ADMIT SUGGEST +verb+ing
● Reporting verbs add variety to our texts. Avoid
using say and tell all the time.
● It's more important to report the idea than to report
every word people say.

9. USING REPORTING VERBS
Direct Speech
Mum: Who has broken the glass?
Dave: It was me. I'm sorry, mum!
Reported Speech
Dave admitted breaking the glass.

10. USING REPORTING VERBS
Direct Speech
Mum: Who has broken the glass?
Dave: It was me. I'm sorry, mum!
Reported Speech
Dave admitted breaking the glass.