Biodiversity & its conservation. Introduction, types , measurements, description, how to conserve etc.

1. Biodiversity & its
Conservation
Presented by : Ali Hassan

2. Definition
• Number and variety of species in an area or
ecosystem

3. Measuring of Biodiversity
• Alpha diversity
• Beta diversity
• Delta diversity
• Omega diversity

4. Alpha diversity
• Species richness in an ecosystem

5. Beta diversity
• Total number of species that are unique

6. Gamma diversity
• Measure of overall diversity for different ecosystems
within a region

7. Further Measurements of
Biodiversity
• Functional diversity
• Taxic diversity
• Systematic diversity

8. Functional Diversity
• Biological and chemical processes such as energy
flow and matter cycling need for survival of species,
communities and ecosystems
OR
• Variety of biological processes, functions of a
particular ecosystem

9. Importance of Functional Diversity
• Used to measure ecological importance of species in
an ecosystem.
• Used to understand how biodiversity affects specific
ecosystem functions.
• Used to explain and predict impact of organisms on
• Provide a mechanistic relationship between two
organisms.

10. Ecosystem Energy Exchange

11. Taxic Diversity
• Measures taxonomic dispersion of species thus
emphasizing evolutionary isolated species that
contribute greatly to assembly of features
OR
• Variety and variability of life at all its hierarchical
levels

12. Systematic Diversity
• The study of diversification living from both past
and present and relationships among living things
through time

13. Importance of Systematic Diversity
• Scientific names of organisms
• Description of organisms
• Preserved collection
• Classification of organisms
• Investigation their evolutionary history
• Consider their environmental adaptation

14. Types of biodiversity
• Specie Biodiversity
• Ecological Biodiversity
• Genetic Biodiversity

15. Specie Diversity
• Number and variety of specie in an ecosystem
• All flora and fauna in an ecosystem

16. Ecological Biodiversity
• Variety of plants, animals, their interactions with
non-living environments and ecological processes
that make them functional
• Effect on ecological biodiversity
• Affected by climate change like greenhouse gases,
aerosols, loss of land cover

17. Genetic Diversity
• Variability in genes that every individual inherits from
their parents and passes them into next generation.

18. Importance of biodiversity
Biodiversity gives us:
• Medicines
• Food like crops, livestock and fish etc.
• Fuel
• Timber
• Clean air, clean water
• Healthy soil
• Raw materials, cosmetic products
• Paper, latex, rubber, waxes, resins, poisons
• Tourism recreation and save us from disasters, storms etc.

20. Causes of Loss of Biodiversity
• Consumption of natural resources at high rate
• Introduction of exotic species
• Failure of economic systems and policies that value
to environment.
• Insufficient knowledge and information
• Legal and institutional systems that promote
unsustainable exploitation

21. Conservation of
Biodiversity
Efforts should be made to
preserve species.
Prevention of extinction requires
planning and management.
Varieties of food, crops, plants,
trees, livestock, animals.
Each country should identify
habitat of wild life.
Habitats where species feed, breed,
nurse and rest should be protected.

22. THANK YOU