A Research Report By Mr Allah Dad Khan

2. History of Strawberry
A Research
Report By Allah Dad
Khan

3. 234 BC
 The history goes back
over 2,200 years. The
growth of wild
strawberries in Italy can
be traced back to 234
BC.

4. 23-79 AD
 Latin writers such as
Apulius had cited the
strawberry for its
medicative purposes.
Other writers such as
Virgil and Ovid mentioned
strawberry only in
association with other wild
fruits. Pliny (23-79 A.D.)
was the last-known writer
to mention this fruit.

5. 1300 AD
 By the 1300's the
strawberry was in
cultivation in Europe,
when the French began
transplanting the wood
strawberry (Fragaria
vesca) from the
wilderness to the garde

6. 1300 AD
 Strawberry was in
cultivation in Europe by
the 1300s, as the
French began
transplanting the wood
variety to the garden.

7. 1364-1380 AD
 Charles V, France's king
from 1364 to 1380, had
1,200 strawberry plants
in his royal garden

8. 1400 AD
 European monks start
using strawberries for
their illuminated
manuscripts.
 The religious artists of the
1400 loved the wild
European strawberry.

9. 1454 AD
 The first documented
botanical illustration of a
strawberry plant
appeared as a figure in
Herbaries in 1454.


10. 1455-1516 AD
 When we speak of
medieval art we mean
religious art, but we
have one notable
exception in the
"Garden of Delights," or
"Strawberry Tree“as it
was first called, by the
Dutch painter
Hieronymous Bosch
(1455-1516).

11. 1483 AD Shakespeare
 the Duke of Gloucester
asks the Bishop of Ely
in Act III, Scene iv, of
Shakespeare's tragedy
Richard HI of 1597, and
the strawberries were
sent for on June 13,
1483, according to
Shakespeare
authorities.

12. 1500 AD
 At the end of the 1500's the
musky strawberry (Fragaria
moschata) was also being
cultivated in European
gardens.
 By the mid-1500’s, demand
for strawberries was
growing, evidenced by the
first written instructions for
growing and harvesting
strawberries in 1578.


13. 1500 AD
 1500s – Cultivation of
the strawberry became
more common. People
began using it for its
supposed medicinal
properties.

14. 1526 AD
 . The Crete Herball
appeared in London in
1526 as an English
translation from the
French work on the
medicinal uses of herbs
and was printed by
Peter Treveris. Here is
the description of "The
Fragaria. Strawberyes"

15. 1536 AD
 Ruellius, a botanist of
the period, also referred
to the cultivation of
strawberries in his De
Natura Stirpium Libri
(1536). Describing them
as
 "growing wild in shady
places," he also notes
that "gardens furnish a
larger fruit

16. 1538 AD
 The English
"strawberry" comes
from the Anglo-Saxon
"streoberie" not spelled
in the modern fashion
until 1538.


17. 1562 AD
 In France in 1562,
Bruyerin-Champier,
physician to Henry IV,
included the strawberry
among the plants which
had recently entered
French gardens.

18. 1583 AD
 Caesalpinus, in his De
Plantis (Florence,
1583), described a
subspecies of F. viridis
which he had found in
the Bargemon Alps of
France and which he
called Fragaria bifera
because it bore both
spring and summer
fruits.

19. 1588 AD
 1588 – Strawberries
were discovered in
Virginia by the first
Europeans when their
ships landed there.

20. 1593 AD
 By the end of the
century
 the strawberry's
popularity was general.
Hyll gave the final
evaluation in the
Gardener's Labyrinth
(1593):

21. 1600 AD
 Then, in the 1600’s, the
Virginia strawberry (Fragaria
virginiana) of North America
reached Europe. The spread
of this new relatively hardy
species was very gradual
and it remained little
appreciated until the end of
the 1700’s and early 1800's
when it was popular in
England. At that time,
English gardeners worked to
raise new varieties from
seed and they increased the
number of varieties from
three to nearly thirty.

22. 1610-1643 AD
 An American strawberry,
Fragaria americana,
was cited in 1624 by
Jean and Vespasien
Robin, botanists to
Louis XIII, in their
Manuel Abrégé des
plantes.

23. 1656 AD
 In 1656 John
Tradescant noted a
Fragaria nova anglia
nondum descripta in the
catalogue of his plant
collection, Musaeum
Tradescantianum,
published in London

24. 1700 AD
 ✦ Many new varieties of
the strawberry were
developed in the 1700s, in
North America. The
varieties that developed
from the cross breeding of
American and European
strawberries were known
for their sweet taste and
perfect size.

25. 1700 AD
 In the early 1700s, a
French spy spotted this
strawberry genotype in
Chile while he was
making maps of
Spanish forts. Plants of
this genotype produced
really big berries—
larger than the spy had
ever seen—so he
brought a bunch of
them back to France.

26. 1712 AD
 Fragaria chiloensis is a
wild species of
strawberry native to
Chili. It bears berries
the size of walnuts. It,
too, was taken to
France but in 1712.

27. 1714 AD
 Meanwhile, a French
spy brought the Chilean
strawberry (Fragaria
chiloensis) from Chile to
France in 1714

28. 1717 AD
 It was this description,
quoted here from the
1717 English translation
of
 Frézier's book, which
was to fascinate
European botanists and
gardeners.

29. 1738 AD
 In 1738 Linnaeus
identified it in the garden
of George Clifford, a
wealthy banker
 who had a large botanical
collection in Amsterdam.
Langley had a good
engraving made of its
flowers and fruits with an
accompanying description
in his Pomone, published
in London in 1729.

30. 1750 AD
 In North Ameica and
Europe the large fruited
strawberry was based
on American Varities
combine byEuropeans
in 1750

31. 1760-1770 AD
 Large fruited strawberry
, which was commonly
called pine or Ananas ,
to the American
Colonies in 1760-1770.

32. 1760 AD
 Fortunately, the history
of the domestic berry
begins only in 1760,
and therefore we know
more about this plant's
history than we do
about most other
organisms.

33. 1766 AD
 It was discovered in 1766 that
the female plants could only be
pollinated by plants that
produced large fruit: F.
moschata, F. virginiana, and F.
ananassa. This is when the
Europeans became aware that
plants had the ability to
produce male-only or female-
only flowers. As more large-fruit
producing plants were
cultivated the Chilean
strawberry slowly decreased in
population in Europe, except
for around Brest where the
Chilean strawberry thrived. The
decline of the Chilean
strawberry was caused by F.
ananassa

34. 1800 AD
 ✦ Commercial
strawberry production
began in 1800.

35. 1834 AD
 Hovey’ was the name of
the first American
strawberry variety that
resulted from a planned
cross, and it is an
ancestor of most
modern varieties. It
was developed by
Charles Hovey, a
nurseryman in
Cambridge, MA, in
1834.

36. 1840 AD
Only selections of the
native Fragaria
virginiana were raised
till 1840.

37. 1851 AD
 in 1851 by James Wilson who
selected it from a cross of ‘Hovey’
grown with other varieties. This
variety was more productive, firmer
and hardier than any other large-
fruited variety, and could be grown
on nearly any soil. It was also
perfect-flowered, so it could be
grown by itself without another
variety for pollination. Wilson
changed the strawberry into a
major crop grown all across the
continent; the strawberry industry
soon increased 50-fold, to one
hundred thousand acres.


38. 1643 AD
 1643 – Early settlers in
Massachusetts enjoyed
eating strawberries
grown by local
American Indians who
cultivated strawberries.

39. 1835 AD
 1835 – First American
strawberries were
cultivated.


40. 1858 AD
 ✦ In 1858, the native
Virginian varieties were
being replaced by
Wilson (a hard and
large-fruited
strawberry).

41. 1855 AD
 Vilmorin-Andrieux (1885)
makes a distinction
between Wild or Wood
Strawberries (Fragaria
vesca) and Alpine
Strawberries (Fragaria
alpina), a distinction which
is not made by most seed
companies or nurseries,
which usually sell Fragaria
vesca as “Alpine
strawberry

42. 1900 AD
 1900’s – California
began growing
strawberries and now
produces 80 percent of
the strawberries in the
U.S., amounting to one
billion pounds of
strawberries a year!

43. 1909 AD
 About 1909 the variety
‘Howard 17’ was
introduced by E.C.
Howard of Belchertown,
MA. It had tolerance to
leaf spot, leaf scorch and
virus diseases and it
formed many crowns with
early flower bud initiation.
For decades it was
important for commercial
use and breeding.

44. 1943 AD
 Félicien Lesourd in
1943 said its distribution
spread from England as
far as Finland and that
although it was then
very rare, it was still
cultivated for its
excellent, lightly musky
aroma despite the
infertility due to its
unisexual character.

45. 2001 AD
 Research published in
2001 showed that
strawberries actually
occur in three basic
flowering habits: short-
day, long-day, and day-
neutral. These refer to the
day-length sensitivity of
the plant and the type
of photoperiod that
induces flower formation.
Day-neutral cultivars
produce flowers
regardless of the
photoperio