16. EpidemiologyEpidemiology
•• Varies considerably by diseaseVaries considerably by disease
SyndromeSyndrome PrevalencePrevalence
Type I HAEType I HAE ~1 : 50,000~1 : 50,000
Type II HAEType II HAE ~1 : 250,000~1 : 250,000
HAE with normal C1INHHAE with normal C1INH UnknownUnknown
Acquired C1INHAcquired C1INH
deficiencydeficiency
~1 : 250,000~1 : 250,000
ACEACE--II––associatedassociated ~1 : 250~1 : 250
NonhistaminergicNonhistaminergic
idiopathicidiopathic
UnknownUnknown
Middleton'sMiddleton's allergy:principlesallergy:principles and practice 8th editionand practice 8th edition
17. EpidemiologyEpidemiology
•• EstimatedEstimated 11::1010,,000000 -- 11::5050,,000000 patientspatients
•• DecreasedDecreased ClCl--INH levels and abnormalINH levels and abnormal ClCl--
INH function referred as type I (INH function referred as type I (8585% of% of
cases)cases)
Jonathan A. Bernstein Allergy Asthma ProcJonathan A. Bernstein Allergy Asthma Proc 20132013;;3434::33--66
•• Prevalence estimatedPrevalence estimated 11 ::1010,,000000 --11::5050,,000000
•• TypeType 11 HAEHAE (( 8080%% -- 8585%% ))reducedreduced
circulating Ccirculating C11INH concentrations , TypeINH concentrations , Type 22
HAEHAE (( 1515%% -- 2020%% ))
Allen P. Kaplan J AllergyAllen P. Kaplan J Allergy ClinClin ImmunolImmunol 20102010;;126126::918918--2525
18. Clinical FeaturesClinical Features
HAE due to decreased CHAE due to decreased C11INHINH
•• History of discrete episodesHistory of discrete episodes nonpruriticnonpruritic,,
nonpittingnonpitting angioedemaangioedema
•• Attack in gradual but worsening over theAttack in gradual but worsening over the
firstfirst 2424 hours, followed by slower recoveryhours, followed by slower recovery
over the nextover the next 4848 -- 7272 hourshours
Middleton'sMiddleton's allergy:principlesallergy:principles and practiceand practice 88th editionth edition
19. Clinical FeaturesClinical Features
HAE due to decreased C1INHHAE due to decreased C1INH
•• ProdromalProdromal symptoms includesymptoms include
erythematouserythematous nonurticarialnonurticarial rashrash
((erythemaerythema marginatummarginatum), localized tingling), localized tingling((erythemaerythema marginatummarginatum), localized tingling), localized tingling
and sense of skin tightnessand sense of skin tightness
•• No clear precipitating cause, can beNo clear precipitating cause, can be
triggered trauma and emotional stresstriggered trauma and emotional stress
Middleton'sMiddleton's allergy:principlesallergy:principles and practice 8th editionand practice 8th edition
20. Clinical FeaturesClinical Features
HAE due to decreased CHAE due to decreased C11INHINH
•• AngioedemaAngioedema most commonly involvemost commonly involve
extremities and abdomenextremities and abdomen
Middleton'sMiddleton's allergy:principlesallergy:principles and practiceand practice 88th editionth edition
21. Clinical FeaturesClinical Features
HAE with normal CHAE with normal C11INHINH
•• Higher percentage of facial and tongueHigher percentage of facial and tongue
episodes, lower percentage of abdominalepisodes, lower percentage of abdominal
episodes and fewerepisodes and fewer multiorganmultiorgan attacksattacksepisodes and fewerepisodes and fewer multiorganmultiorgan attacksattacks
Middleton'sMiddleton's allergy:principlesallergy:principles and practiceand practice 88th editionth edition
22. JanelleJanelle SherSher et alet al CurrCurr Allergy Asthma Rep 2013;13:563Allergy Asthma Rep 2013;13:563––570570
23. Bruce L.Bruce L. ZurawZuraw et al Allergy Asthma Proc 2012;33:145et al Allergy Asthma Proc 2012;33:145––156156
24. Clinical FeaturesClinical Features
Acquired CAcquired C11INH deficiencyINH deficiency
•• Lack of family historyLack of family history
Middleton'sMiddleton's allergy:principlesallergy:principles and practiceand practice 88th editionth edition
25. Clinical FeaturesClinical Features
AngiotensinAngiotensin--converting enzymeconverting enzyme
inhibitorinhibitor -- associatedassociated angioedemaangioedema
•• Discontinuation of ACEDiscontinuation of ACE--I leads toI leads to
resolution of problemresolution of problemresolution of problemresolution of problem
Middleton'sMiddleton's allergy:principlesallergy:principles and practiceand practice 88th editionth edition
26. Clinical FeaturesClinical Features
NonhistaminergicNonhistaminergic idiopathicidiopathic angioedemaangioedema
•• Lack of response to usual treatments forLack of response to usual treatments for
mast cellmast cell––dependentdependent angioedemaangioedema
Middleton'sMiddleton's allergy:principlesallergy:principles and practiceand practice 88th editionth edition