1. Teenage Concerns
“Be careful who you pretend to be. You might forget who you are.” –
Unknown

4. Identity Foreclosure:
“I have made a choice
without thinking”
Identity Achievement:
“I thought about it and I
now know what I should do
with my life”
Identity Diffusion:
“I do not know and I do not
care what I am supposed to
do with my life”
Moratorium:
“I am thinking about what I
should do”

5. The Four Quadrants of James
Marcia’s Identity Status:
•Foreclosure
is when an adolescent did
not explore any other option but
is already committed to a role
that is imposed by either the
family or the community.

6. •Diffusion
is when an adolescent
is not exploring or
experimenting with any
option and is not
committed to anything.

7. •Moratorium
is when an
is actively exploring and
experimenting with
his/her options but has
not yet made any
commitment.

8. •Achievement
is when an adolescent has
explored and studied all the
options available and has arrived
a conclusion that he/she is ready
commit to it.

9. SEXUAL BEHAVIORS AND
PRACTICES
Sexuality is part of a
person’s identity.
As an adolescent develops
his/her sexual identity,
he/she will encounter
different sexual behaviors
well.

10. •Heterosexuality
This is sexual
attraction to the
opposite sex.
•Homosexuality
This is sexual attraction
to the same sex.

11. •Premarital Sex
this is any sexual activity
between partners before they
are legally married.
•Teenage pregnancy
this is pregnancy before
the age of 20.

12. •Rape
This is an unlawful sexual intercourse
or sexual activity carried out by force or
under threat of injury against a person's
will. It is also the sexual act done with a
person below 18 or incapable of valid
consent, such as in mental illness, mental
deficiency, intoxication, unconsciousness,
deception.

13. • Abortion
This is the termination of pregnancy by the
of the fetus or embryo before birth.
It has two types:
spontaneous abortion, also known as miscarriage,
happens naturally when the fetus is expelled from the
uterus before the fifth month of pregnancy. About 80%
of spontaneous abortions takes place within the first
three months of pregnancy.

14. •Induced abortion on the other hand, is the
intentional removal of the fetus or embryo. It is a
crime under Philippine law. Women who undergo
abortion as well as the persons who assist the
procedure, will be imprisoned.

15. Premarital sex
is the involvement in sexual
intercourse by persons who
have not engaged in marital
vow or culturally recognized as
having been enrolled in
marriage institution.

16. •Teenagers who have
romantic relationships and
who experience emotional
attachment and strong
sexual attraction toward a
partner are more likely to
engage to premarital sex.

17. Premarital sex has been an
alarming issue for the past years in the
Philippines. Many studies have been
proven that 4 out of 10 teens have tried
premarital sex.
Teens today are too curious and
often experiment with sex in
unprecedented numbers.

18. Premarital sex is morally unacceptable
in almost every human society that
regards marriage as the legitimate
requirement for sexual permissiveness,
and especially among youths who are
considered vulnerable to health – related
problems.
Teenagers must be trained to mingle
with the opposite sex in a mature and
responsible way.

19. Causes of Premarital Sex
•Peer Pressure
•Sexual Harassment
•Rebellion
•Poverty

20. Effects of Premarital Sex
•Peer Pressure
Teenagers nowadays are being pressured by their
peers to try things that are not healthy to them.
They have no choice but to try doing sex to be
accepted by their peers or otherwise they could end up
being alone.

21. •The opposite sexes attract which ignites
desires for interaction which then leads
to dating which leads elsewhere and
eventually ends with premarital sexual
relations.

22. Sexual Harassment
Many teens have been sexually abused
or sexually harassed by their, relatives,
friends, or love ones.
Being unable to fight back, many
victims prefer to stay quiet and let them be
harassed. Because of this, many teen victims
suffer the years of torture that could have a
traumatizing effect in their lives

23. Rebellion
• Many teens are running away from their
parents.
•In this rebellious stage, teens may try
premarital sex. Mostly, teens who feel
unappreciated or unworthy or are hated
by their parents would like to feel
appreciated by their peers or others.

24. Poverty
• Poverty is also one of the factors why teens
engage in premarital sex.
• This is because of the lack of education and
money. Because of being hopeless teens would
prefer to do anything just for money, whether it
is right or wrong.
• Selling one’s body is one of the common and
easy ways to earn money. Therefore premarital
sex is increasing.

25. Respond on the following questions and
write your ideas in your activity notebook.
•How can premarital sex be
prevented?
•How does premarital sex
affect/change teenage life?

26. Teenage Pregnancy
Teenage girls who have already their
monthly period or menstruation are
biologically capable of reproduction.
Teenage boys are also capable of
reproduction by the time they reach
adolescence.

27. •Premarital sex may eventually result to
teenage pregnancy. Teen pregnancies
carry extra health risks to both the
mother and the baby.
•Often, teens don't get prenatal care
soon enough which can lead to
problems later on.

28. •They have a higher risk for pregnancy-
related high blood pressure and its
complications. Risks for the baby include
premature birth and a low birth weight.
•Preeclampsia can also harm the kidneys or
even be fatal for mother or baby.

29. • Preeclampsia is a pregnancy complication
characterized by high blood pressure and signs
damage to another organ system, most often
liver and kidneys.
• Preeclampsia usually begins after 20 weeks of
pregnancy in women whose blood pressure had
been normal

30. • According to the United Nations Population
Fund (UNFPA), "Pregnancies among girls less
than 18 years of age have irreparable
consequences.
• It violates the rights of girls, with life-threatening
consequences in terms of sexual and
reproductive health, and poses high
development costs for communities, particularly
in perpetuating the cycle of poverty.

31. •Health consequences include not yet
being physically ready for pregnancy
and childbirth leading to
complications and malnutrition as the
majority of adolescents tend to come
from lower-income households.

32. Causes of Teenage Pregnancy
1. Drugs and Alcohol
• During adolescence, teenagers may drink and
experiment with drugs frequently with their
friends at social gatherings and parties.
• Drinking excessively as well as experimenting
drugs may lead to unwanted and unintentional
pregnancy

33. 2. Peer Pressure and Sexual Abuse
• Peer pressure is another major cause of sexual
abuse, often females may be pressured or forced by
an older male partner to engage in sexual activity.
• These young females out of fear may feel forced to
engage in unprotected sex without a choice to
express their "love" and "true feelings" for their
partner.

34. 3. Family-Related Problems
• All families face challenges from time to time. Some common
challenges families face in addition to managing chronic pain
include things like moving house, separation or divorce,
parenting issues, pressure at work or school, unemployment and
financial problems, illness or disability of a family member,
death of a family member, drug, alcohol, gambling addiction,
and domestic violence.

35. 4. Media influence
•The media has a large effect on teen
pregnancy, especially shows such as "Teen
Mom".
•Exposure to suggestive or explicit media,
films, magazines, music that may influence
adolescent sexual behavior, causing them to
engage in sexual activity before they are
ready

36. Effects of Teenage Pregnancy
•1. Dropping out of school
• Teenage pregnancy also affects girls'
education and income potential as
many are forced to drop out of school
which ultimately threatens future
opportunities and economic prospects.

37. •2. Increased family expenses
•Basic family budget measurements are adjustable by
family type because expenses vary considerably
depending on the number of children in a family.
•The more we have in the family, the more we get
expense. Household expenses represent a per-person
breakdown of general living expenses. They include the
amount paid for lodging, food consumed within the
home, utilities paid, and other costs.

38. 3. Health and welfare risk complication
(Mother and newborn)
• Risk for the Teen Mother:
• Less likely to complete high school
• Dependence on welfare
• Single Parenthood
• More likely to have more children sooner on a limited
income
• More likely to abuse or neglect the child Risk of
Teenage Pregnancy

39. •Malnutrition
•Inadequate prenatal care
•Abortion
•Fetal deaths
•Cervical cancer

40. Risk for the Baby:
•Growing up without a father
•Low birth weight and premature
•School failure
•Mental retardation
•Insufficient health care
•Abuse and neglect
•Poverty and welfare dependence

41. How to Prevent Teenage Pregnancy
• Keep them at home with an intact family set up
• Keep them in school
• Keep talking to them like mother and child good relationship
• Keep them morally and spiritually grounded
• Provide information and education
• Promote individual responsibility and protective norms
• Provide health services and products Intend to abstain sex or
sexual abstinence

42. What is abortion?
•Abortion is the ending of a pregnancy by
removal or expulsion of an embryo or
before it can survive outside the uterus.
•An abortion that occurs without
intervention is known as a miscarriage or
spontaneous abortion

43. • Abortion is a reality for Filipino women. The
illegality of abortion has not deterred Filipino
women from inducing unsafe abortion.
•It has only made it dangerous for them where
estimates in 2012 show that 610,000 women
resorted to abortion, over 100,000 women
were hospitalized and 3 women die every day
due to unsafe abortion complications.

44. Effect of abortion
•After having an abortion, you'll probably have some
period-type pains, stomach cramps and vaginal
bleeding. This should start to gradually improve after a
few days, but can last for 1 to 2 weeks.
•This is normal and is usually nothing to worry about.
The bleeding is usually similar to normal period
bleeding

45. Long-Term Health Effects
•future childbearing and pregnancy outcomes (e.g.,
secondary infertility; ectopic pregnancy; spontaneous
abortion and stillbirth; complications of pregnancy;
and preterm birth, small for gestational age, and low
birthweight);
•risk of breast cancer;
•mental health disorders; and
•premature death.

46. Respond on the following questions and
write your ideas in your activity notebook.
•How does teenage pregnancy affect teen
mothers?
•How can teenage pregnancy be prevented?
•How can parents help their pregnant teenage
child?

48. APPLY DECISION-MAKING SKILLS IN
MANAGING SEXUALLY-RELATED
ISSUES (Sexually Transmitted
Infections)

50. What is an STI?
Sexually Transmitted Infection
or STI,
also referred to as “Sexually
Transmitted Disease (STD)” is a
disease that may be spread by
having vaginal, oral or anal sex.

51. A person who has sexual
relationship with someone who is
infected can get one or more of
those diseases.
STIs are transmitted through an
exchange of bodily fluids during
sexual activity.

52. HIV and AIDS
•Human
Immunodeficiency
Virus is the virus that
leads to Acquired
Immune Deficiency
Syndrome when you
have certain
infections or cancers

53. What causes HIV?
• HIV infection is caused by the human immunodeficiency
virus.
• You can get HIV from contact with infected blood, semen,
vaginal fluids.
• Most people get the virus by having unprotected sex with
someone who has HIV.
• Another common way of getting it is by
sharing drug needles with someone who is infected with
HIV.

54. Chlamydia
• Chlamydia is a sexually transmitted infection (STI)
caused by a bacteria called chlamydia trachomatis.
• Usually it doesn't cause any symptoms and can be
easily treated with antibiotics.
• is now the most common of all bacterial STI’s. In both
men and women, chlamydial infection may cause an
abnormal genital discharge and burning with
urination. The symptoms are painful urination and
pain during sex.

55. Genital Herpes
•are painful blisters or open sores in
the genital area. These may be
preceded by a tingling or burning
sensation in the legs, buttocks, or
genital region.
•Symptom is Rashes or blisters,
especially around the genitals

56. Gonorrhea
• Gonorrhea is an infection caused by a sexually
transmitted bacterium that infects both males and
females.
• Gonorrhea most often affects the urethra, rectum or
throat. In females, gonorrhea can also infect the
cervix.
• Gonorrhea is most commonly spread during vaginal,
oral or anal sex.

58. Syphilis
• Syphilis is usually a painless open sore that usually
appears on the penis or around or in the vagina.
Symptom is jaundice or yellowing of the eyes and skin.
• The cause of syphilis is a bacterium called Treponema
pallidum.
• The most common route of transmission is through
contact with an infected person's sore during sexual
activity.