AIR POLLUTION AND ITS EFFECT ON THE STRUCTURE BY AMIT SINGH, MM UNIVERSITY , SADOPUR , AMBALA.

1. AIR POLLUTION AND
ITS EFFECT ON THE
STRUCTURE
AMIT SINGH
ROLL NO.#75111003
B.TECH (CE) 8th SEMESTER
MM UNIVERSITY, SADOPUR

2. AIR POLLUTION
Definition:
It is a broad term applied to all the
physical, chemical, and biological agents
that may modify the natural
characteristics of the atmosphere and the
environment.

3. Air Pollution
• Air pollution results from human
activities such as burning fossil fuels
(oil, coal, and gasoline) to create
electricity and power automobiles,
and manufacture industrial products
such as chemicals and plastic.
• The air Pollutants are particulates,
HC, CO2, CO, NO, NO2, SO3 -- source
may be industrial, autos, etc.

4. Air pollution
• The increased carbon dioxide in the
atmosphere contributes to the warming
of the global climate, the so-called
"greenhouse effect."
• The increased Chlorofluoro-carbons in
the atmosphere has been depleting
stratospheric ozone.

5. The Atmosphere
• Major gases:
• 78.08% nitrogen
• 20.95% oxygen
• 0.93% argon
• 0.03% carbon dioxide
• trace amounts of water vapor (close to
surface) 0.01% by volume near poles to
5% near equator and many others
hydrogen, neon, helium, krypton, ozone
and methane

6. Types of air pollutants:
Primary air pollutant Secondary air pollutant
• Primary: those emitted directly into the
air; e.g. sulfur dioxide (SO2), carbon
monoxide (CO), nitric oxide (NO),
nitrogen dioxide (NO2)
• Secondary: those that form as a result
of a chemical reaction of the primary
pollutant with a natural component of the
environment.; e.g. some ozone, sulfuric
and nitric acids.

8. air pollution
Acid rain
Outdoor air pollution
Black carbon pollution.
Greenhouse effect
Ozone depletion
Indoor air pollution
•Particulate pollution.
Causes and effects

10. Ozone layer in Stratosphere effected
Chlorofluorocarbons
Ozone depletion

11. Black carbon pollution
Temperature inversion:

12. Acid rain:

13. Indoor air pollution

14. Out door pollution

15. Contamination by
Industries

16. The effects of air pollution
• reduces visual range and atmospheric
clarity, less contrast, less visibility
• CO, carbon monoxide, 90% natural, 10%
from incomplete combustion, cigarettes,
combines with hemoglobin and reduces
bloods ability to carry oxygen. 150,000-
350,000 deaths/yr
• damage to vegetation, including leaves,
needles, fruit, growth rate, reproduction,
hardiness.

17. The effects of air pollution
• degradation of vertebrate health, aquatic
life, with impacts on respiration, bones,
teeth, reproduction; increase lake acidity,
decline in NPP

18. Effects of air pollution on health:
• Short term effects:
Irritation to the eyes,nose and throat.
Upper respiratory infections.
Headache,nausea,and allergic reactions.
Asthma and emphysema

19. • Long term effects:
•Chronic respiratory diseases.
• Lung cancer.
•Heart diseases.
•Damage to the brain,nerves,liver or kidneys.

20. The effects of air pollution
• degradation of soil and water, when air
pollutants settle, toxic metals in soil, soils
leached
• deterioration of man-made structures,
break down car paint, roofing; acid rain
chemically dissolves marble statues and
other building materials

21. Effect of air pollution on the structure:
• World Wonder Taj Mahal is Turning Brown Due to
Air Pollution
• Effects of Air Pollution on Materials, Including
Historic and Cultural Heritage Monuments

22. Pollution turning Taj Mahal
yellow: Study
• India's white marvel, the Taj Mahal, is slowly
turning brownish-yellow because of air pollution,
says an Indo-US study which also identifies the
pollutants responsible for the effect.
It says Taj is changing colour due to deposition of
dust and carbon-containing particles emitted in the
burning of fossil fuels, biomass and garbage. The
study confirms what has been suspected for long
— that Agra's poor air quality is impacting India's
most celebrated monument.

23. Air pollution turning
Charminar black
• HYDERABAD: The 400-
year-old Charminar - the
most recognizable symbol
of Hyderabad -and other
ancient monuments within
the 300 metre heritage zone
in the area are turning black
due to pollution and their
plasters are peeling off due
to constant vibrations
caused by passing vehicles,
is the considered opinion of
conservation architects and
environmentalists.

24. Statue Turning Black From
Polluted Air : Acid Corrosion
Mars Liberty's Renewal
• About $230 million is
being spent to
renovate the Statue of
Liberty in New York
harbor, but when the
famous symbol of
freedom has its
coming out party July
4, one sign of aging
will still be there.

25.  Delhi is most polluted city in the world in
PM2.5 concentrations.
 Half of the top 20 most polluted cities were in
India, according to data

26. How to control air
pollution?
• Maintaining a healthy distance between the
industrial and residential areas.
• The chimneys should be constructed tall in
size so that the emissions must be released
higher up in the environment
• The sulphur must be removed after burning.
• The gasoline must have anti knocking
agents..
• The mining area should be planted with trees.

27. How to control air pollution?
• The coal fuel should be replaced with gas
fuel to control the air pollution.
• The automobiles must be designed with
emission control system.
• The wastes must be removed and recycled
in the industrial plants and refineries.
• Plants like pine and ribes need to be
planted to metabolize the nitrogen oxides
and other pollutants.

28. How to control air
pollution?
• Timely servicing of the car helps to keep it
in a good condition, and also minimizes fuel
exhaustion
• Using public transportation helps to
prevent the air pollution
• Using alternative energy sources like solar
energy, hydroelectric energy, and wind
energy

29. How to control air
pollution?

30. Prevention

31. A Single Solution…..
• Go green.
• Reduce

32. References:
• Text book of preventive and community dentistry
S.S.Hiremath.
• Text book of preventive and social medicine- park
and park.
• www.google.com.

33. THANK YOU !!!