Biography, Introduction, Early life, Acceptance of Islam, His Role in Prophet’s (S.A.W.) Migration to Madinah, His Marriage with Fatimah (R.A.), His Bravery and Struggle to Support Islam, Ali (R.A.) During Caliphate of Abu Bakr (R.A.), Ali (R.A.) During Caliphate of Umar ibn Al-Khattab (R.A.), Ali (R.A.) During Caliphate of Usman ibn Affan (R.A.), Ali Ibn Abi Talib (R.A.): The Fourth Caliph, His Martyrdom

1. ASSIGNMENT
ISLAMIC STUDIES
TOPIC
LIFE OF ALI IBNE TALIB
SUBMITTED BY
SUBMITTED TO
R.ID
SUBMISSION DATE

2. LIFE OF Ali ibn Talib (R.A.)
Biography:
NAME Ali Ibn Abu Talib
FATHER NAME Abu Talib Bin Abdul-Muttalib Bin Hashim
MOTHER NAME Fatimah
DATE OF BIRTH 13th of Rajab
BIRTH PLACE Makkah
INTRODUCTION:
The documents indicated that Ali (R.A.) was born in
Makkah on Friday, 13th of Rajab. His full name is Ali Ibn Abu Talib Bin
Abdul-Muttalib Bin Hashim. He came from the most respectable family of
Quraish tribe, the family of Banu Hashim, and he was the cousin of the Prophet
Muhammad (S.A.W.). His mother was Fatimah and she embraced Islam early
and migrated to Madinah. His father Abu Talib was a chief of Banu Hashim
tribe and he was the custodian of the Kaaba. Abu Talib was uncle of the Prophet
Muhammad (S.A.W.).
Ali Ibn Abu Talib (R.A.) was one of the ten men given the
tidings of Paradise, he married the Prophet's daughter Fatimah and he embraced
Islam so early. He was occupied with the collection of the Holy Quran and
revising it over with the Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W.).
Earlylife:
When Ali (R.A.) was at the age of five, Quraish was struck with a
drought that affected the economical status in Makkah. Hence, the Prophet
(S.A.W.) appealed to his uncle Al-Abbas to help Abu Talib during the crisis.
Acceptanceof Islam:
Once Ali ibn Abu Talib (R.A.) came backhome
while the Prophet(S.A.W.) and his noble wife Khadijah (R.A.) were praying.

3. Ali (R.A.) asked about the prayer, then the Prophet (S.A.W.)told him that it is
the right religion from Allah, that demands worshiping no god but Allah. Ali
(R.A.) said that he has never heard about this before, and has to tell his father
Abu Talib about it, but the Prophet (S.A.W.)asked him to keep the matter in
secret.
The next morning Ali (R.A.) came to the Prophet (S.A.W.) and declared
his Islam. At the beginning, he kept his Islam a secret, fearing from his father,
but when Abu Talib recognized him, he approved his and asked him to sustain
to it while Abu Talib refused to depart the religion of his late fathers till he
passed away.
His Role in Prophet’s(S.A.W.)Migrationto Madinah:
The ProphetMuhammad (S.A.W.) remained in Makkah waiting for
Allah’s permission to migrate to Madinah while his Companions migrated
early. When disbelievers of Makkah plotted to kill the Prophet(S.A.W.), the
Angle Gabriel (A.S.) revealed to him the details of that evil conspiracyand
asked him (S.A.W.) not to sleep in his bed that night. So, the Prophet(S.A.W.)
asked Ali (R.A.) to sleep in his bed to impersonate him, while the Prophet
(S.A.W.) left his house safely at night and migrated to Madinah.
His Marriagewith Fatimah(R.A.):
Ali (R.A.) married the Prophet's (S.A.W.)
most beloved daughter Fatimah (R.A.), one of the best women all over, her
mother was Khadijah Bint Kuwailid (R.A.). The blessed marriage took place in
Madinah after the Battle of Ohud, as Fatimah (R.A.) was fifteen years old. Thus,
Ali (R.A.) had the additional honor of being the father of the Prophet's (S.A.W.)
progeny through his sons from Fatimah (R.A.), Al-Hasan (R.A.), Al-Husayn
(R.A.), Zainab (R.A.), and Umm Kulthoom (R.A.).
His Braveryand Struggleto SupportIslam:
Ali (R.A.) was well known of his bravery. He
participated in almost all the battles against the unbelievers during the time of
the Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W.), except for the Battle of Tabuk in the year 9th
Hijri, as the Prophet (S.A.W.) had placed Ali (R.A.) in charge of the city.

4. Ali (R.A.) During Caliphateof Abu Bakr (R.A.):
After the death of the Prophet (S.A.W.), all the
Companions (R.A.) pledged their allegiance to Abu Bakr (R.A.), except Ali
(R.A.), who did so later due to the fact that he was engaged in arranging the
Prophet's (S.A.W.)funeral. Besides, he had an oath upon the Prophet's (S.A.W.)
death that he would not engage in anything except prayer until he completed
compiling the Quran. Ali (R.A.) gave his pledge of loyalty to Abu Bakr (R.A.)
and assisted him throughout his Caliphate.
After terminating the expedition of Usamah, Abu Bakr (R.A.) sent Ali (R.A.)
with a group of the Companions to protect the borders of the city in that critical
time.
Ali (R.A.) During Caliphateof Umar ibn Al-Khattab
(R.A.):
Umar Ibn Al-Khattab (R.A.) was elected as the second Caliph after Abu
Bakr's (R.A.) death. Ali (R.A.) pledged his allegiance to Umar (R.A.) and
helped him as a trusted advisor. During the caliphate of Umar (R.A.), the
Islamic army conquered the Roman Emperor in Syria, Egypt and north Africa.
Additionally, the Islamic army conquered the Persian Emperor in Iraq, Persia,
Khurasan, extending to the borders of Turkey and India. All the way through,
Umar (R.A.) used to consult the wise Companions of the Prophet (S.A.W.) such
as Ali (R.A.), and seek their suggestions in political issues.
Ali (R.A.) During Caliphateof Usmanibn Affan
(R.A.):
Usman Ibn Affan (R.A.) was elected as the third Caliph. Ali (R.A.)
pledged his allegiance to Usman (R.A.) and remained in Madinah supporting
him. Ali (R.A.) represented a considerable role during the incitement to
rebellion against Usman (R.A.). Ali supported Usman (R.A.) and defended him
by offering advice and facing the provincial opposition coming from Egypt and
Iraq. They aimed at displacing Usman (R.A.) with Ali (R.A.), but the latter
resolutely rejected their demands. Thus, they pretended to be retreating, but
after three days, they came back to Madinah to besiege Usman (R.A.) and his
family. Ali (R.A.) and his sons defended Usman (R.A.) ardently and they were
intended to fight the rebellious, but Usman (R.A.) refused killing people for his

5. sake. It was an intricate tribulation in Islamic history, marked by the murder of
Usman (R.A.).
Ali Ibn Abi Talib (R.A.):The FourthCaliph:
After the killing of third Caliph Usman (R.A.),
Prophet's Companions approached Ali (R.A.) asking him to be Caliph, he has
declined the responsibility of this great office first, suggesting to be a counselor
instead of a chief. But finally, he decided to put the matter before the Muslim
public in the Prophet's Mosque, as a result, the overwhelming majority of the
Companions in Madinah considered Ali (R.A.) to be the most suitable personto
be Caliph after Usman (R.A.). Thus, he agreed to take the responsibility. On
25th of Dhul-Hijjah 35H (24th June, 656 CE), pledges of loyalty were sworn to
Ali (R.A.).
Several problems faced the new Caliph when he took power. Firstly,
he has to establish peace in the state and to ameliorate the deteriorating political
situation. Secondly, he needed to take action against the assassins of Usman
(R.A.).
His Martyrdom:
On the night that Ali (R.A.), Ibn Al-Tayab came to
him to call him for the prayer when the dawn appeared. At this time, Ali (R.A.)
was reclining heavily. So he returned the second time while Ali (R.A.) was still
in the same position and again he returned the third time. After the third time,
Ali (R.A.) rose and walked to the mosque. When he got to the small door, Ibn
Muljam sprang out and struck him.
Ali (R.A.) died in 17th of Ramadan, 40H (25th
January, 661CE). His Caliphate continued for five years.
Rawze-e-Sharif, the Blue Mosque, in Mazari Sharif, Afghanistan - Where a
minority of Shi’ahs believe Ali ibn Abi Talib is buried