2. • Introduction
• The Expert System
• System parameters
• System Trial
• Conclusion
• References

4. A Site Safety Plan, which establishes policies and procedures to protect workers and
the public from the potential hazards posed by a hazardous waste site, must be
developed before site activities proceed. The Site Safety Plan must provide measures to
minimize accidents and injuries that may occur during normal daily activities or during
adverse conditions such as hot or cold weather.
Development of a written Site Safety Plan helps ensure that all safety aspects of site
operations are thoroughly examined prior to commencing field work. The Site Safety
Plan should be modified as needed for every stage of site activity.
Because planning requires information, planning and site characterization should be
coordinated.

5. Occupational Hygiene
This is the practice of assessment and control of environmental factors and stresses arising from
the workplace, which may cause injury, sickness, impaired health and well-being or significant
discomfort and inefficiency among workers or among the citizens of the community.
Worksite Analysis
This is an essential procedure that helps in determining what jobs and workstations are the
sources of potential problems. During the work-site analysis: exposures, problem task and risks
are identified and measured. The most effective work-site analyses include all jobs. Operations
and work activities. The occupational/industrial hygienists inspect, researches or analyses how
the particular chemical or physical hazards at work-site affect worker health. If a situation
hazardous to health is discovered, he or she recommends the appropriate corrective action.

6. Hazardous waste sites pose a
multitude of health and safety
concerns, any one of which could
result in serious injury or death.
These hazards are a function of the
nature of the site as well as a
consequence of the work being
performed.

7. 5,522
5,528 5,528
5,522
5,523
5,524
5,525
5,526
5,527
5,528
5,529
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Budget$
x100000
Year
OSHA Budget for last 3 years
The raising need for safety
observation through millions of
workers required a huge budgeting
from OSHA to be able to overview and
certify facilities for safe
environments.

8. Heinrich pyramid for injuries severity in
2014/15 in UK represent a huge no. of
safety injuries leading to absence and
fatal injuries.
This rate illustrates high need for
providing higher response systems to
provide guidance and deal with safety
cases.

9. Since increased investment and
efforts are targeted to increase the
ability to face safety cases.

11. Problem Domain
Main domain for the problem is “safety management” while it interacts also with Education
where it is intended for the software to provide educational service.
Expert System Objectives
• Direction One
Providing a planning tool for equipment safety management and control.
Provide a supervision tool for site assessment and following-up.
Provide fast response tool for urgent safety situations.
• Direction Two
Provide a training tool for newly assigned operators and supervisors.
Provide an educational tool for engineering students and safety trainees.

12. The expert system based on 2 ways for information collection; Guiding
manual and industrial experience.
• NOISH, OSHA, USCG & EPA Occupational Safety and Health Guidance
Manual for Hazardous Waste Site Activities.
• WHO Occupational health manual for primary health care workers
• QHSE Engineer, Unilever Mashreq.

13. The inputs that the user is required to define for the system in order to get reliable
recommendations are based on three main inputs
• Equipment Type
• Hazard Type
• The Person/Operation that can be harmed.
Where the Output is a list of recommended action that the user need to implement or
check for validity.
By ongoing usage from the user he will be able to efficiently identify and response
rapidly with emerging situations and of course daily repetitive situations.

15. List of equipment included in the system

16. List of Hazards included in the system

17. List of harmed person/Operation Included in the system

18. System outputs are list of actions and precautions that differ from
hazard & person/operation harmed to another, however the
recommended actions are as following where set of them are related to
each case and many of them are mutual between more than one case
and this is normal as safety precautions and actions are interrelated. *All
System output variables were set as confidence variables.
• Wear Ear Plugs
• Protection Cover
• 5S
• Daily Checklist
• Sand bucket for fire fighting
• Safety Signs should be clear
• Regular Inspection for safety Valves
• First Aid
• Emergency Plan should be supervised
• LOTO
• Periodical Maintenance must be scheduled.
• Authorized Person Should be in Charge

19. Sample Screen for system output recommendations

21. Since Corvid Exsys depends mainly on Inference engine that relate cases and solves
them according to IF/THEN Rules.
The Stored Information are stored in the form of IF/THEN Rules each in a series of tree
diagrams.
All the system cases are Simplified cases since the software is limited to 150 nodes and
the target was to show the ability of the system through this demo version.

22. Sample of equipment case rule
IF:
Set the Equipment Type Boiler
AND: Set the Expected hazard type Electrical
AND: Harmed person or operation? Electrical technician by electric shock
THEN:
Authorized Person Should be in Charge: Confidence = 10
First Aid: Confidence = 10
Safety Signs should be clear: Confidence = 10

23. Sample of Boiler case rule
IF:
Set the Equipment Type Boiler
AND: Set the Expected hazard type Electrical
AND: Harmed person or operation? Electrical technician by electric shock
THEN:
Authorized Person Should be in Charge: Confidence = 10
First Aid: Confidence = 10
Safety Signs should be clear: Confidence = 10

24. Sample of Air Compressor case rule
IF:
Set the Equipment Type Air Compressor
AND: Set the Expected hazard type Explosion
AND: Harmed person or operation? Driver by explosion causing burns
THEN:
First Aid: Confidence = 10
Emergency Plan should be supervised: Confidence = 10
Sand bucket for firefighting: Confidence = 10
Safety Signs should be clear: Confidence = 10

25. Sample of generator case rule
IF:
Set the Equipment Type Generator
AND: Set the Expected hazard type Explosion
AND: Harmed person or operation? environmental impact
THEN:
Safety Signs should be clear: Confidence = 10
Emergency Plan should be supervised: Confidence = 10
Authorized Person Should be in Charge: Confidence = 10

26. Sample of Forklift case rule
IF:
Set the Equipment Type Forklift
AND: Set the Expected hazard type Battery Emission
AND: Harmed person or operation? Environmental impact
THEN:
Periodical Maintenance must be scheduled. Confidence = 10
Emergency Plan should be supervised: Confidence = 10
Safety Signs should be clear: Confidence = 10

27. Sample of Lathe case rule
IF:
Set the Equipment Type Lathe
AND: Set the Expected hazard type Moving Machinery
AND: Harmed person or operation? technical operator injury
THEN:
LOTO: Confidence = 10
Safety Signs should be clear: Confidence = 10
Emergency Plan should be supervised: Confidence = 10
Periodical Maintenance must be scheduled.: Confidence = 10
5S: Confidence = 10

28. Sample Screen for system tree diagram

29. • Corvid Exsys is known for the easiness of commands generation where developer has
no need to specify commands for every case, since the Default command is set it can
relate all other commands to it and interact directly with user, as the used chaining
for this system is backward chaining.

30. Sample Screen for system Default command screen

32. User was asked first question to set the equipment type
User chose “Lathe”

33. User was asked Second question to set the
Hazard type
User chose “Moving mechanical Part”

34. User asked Third question to set the Who would be
harmed
User chose “Technical operator injury”

35. System displays recommended Control
actions for the user.

37. • Expert Systems can be a vital tool for improving safety
management and control for equipment and hazards in
hazardous waste site where it can provide a fast, cheap and
reliable results for user than can improve process efficiency
and responsiveness, also it can be a vital tool for operators
training and engineering students to be more efficient for
safety management.

38. [1] NOISH/OSHA/USCG/EPA, Occupational Safety and Health
Guidance Manual for Hazardous Waste Site Activities, 1985,
U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE.
[2] World health Organization, Occupational health a manual
for primary health care workers, 2011, Cairo, Regional Office
for the Eastern Mediterranean.

39. • Amr Mohamed El-Ganainy
• Kirollos Micheal Zaky
• Shaza Mohamed Mady
• Mohamed Mahmoud Mahfouz
• Mina riman Louis