Included every aspects related to self health in this presentation will going to help you a lot.

1. Concept of Self Health
ANAMIKA RAMAWAT
M.Sc.(N) Previous
GCON, Jodhpur

2. Introduction
• Health is considered to be one of most important values.
• Health should be protected and enhanced as much as possible.
• Health is a nation primarily applicable to a human being as whole.

3. Definition of Health
• Health is individually defined by each person.
• On a personal level, individuals define health according to
- How they feel
- Absence or presence of symptoms of illness
- And ability to carry out activities
“A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the
absence of disease or infirmity.” -WHO

4. HEALTH AS BALANCE
• Health is constituted by bodily and mentally balance.
• The Yajurveda tradition in India declares that there are three humour’s
acting in the body the breaths (Vata), the bile(Pitta) and the phlegm
(Kapha). The proportions of the three humours vary from person to
person and their actions vary according to the season, the environment,
the life style of the individual, and his or her diet.
• Disease is the result of their imbalance.

5. • In homeostasis various physiological functions of the body control
each other and interact in feedback.
-Walter Cannon
• Balance is a concept pertaining to the relationship between a person’s
abilities and his goals. The healthy person is the person who can realize
his goals as thus retain a balance between abilities and goals.
-Ingmarporn
• A healthy body is one where the primary properties (wet, dry, cold,
hot) of the body balance each other.
- Hippocrates and Galen

6. HEALTH AS WELL BEING
• It is an important aspect of health that the body and mind are
well, both in order and functions.
• When a person feels well, then he or she is healthy.
• Well-being or absence if ill being is an important trait in health,
most modern positive characterization of health’s have focused
on other traits. One such trait is health as a condition for action.

7. • Health is a common theme in almost all countries.
• Absence of disease.
Health=Harmony=Being in peace
• Health is the presence of a positive capacity to lead energetic
satisfying and productive life.
• Health is a state of optimal physical, mental and social adaptation
to one’s environment.

8. Activities of Daily Living(ADL’s)
• ADLs are used as a measurement of a person’s functional status.
• First proposed in 1950 by Sidney Katz, who developed the first evaluation
tool called the Katz ADL scale.
• ADLs consist of Basic ADLs and Instrumental ADLs
• Basics ADLs are more essential for survival than IADLs
• Instrumental ADLs (IADLs) are not necessary for fundamental functioning,
but they let an individual live independently in a community

10. Basic Activities of Daily Living (ADLs)
Activities of daily living (ADLs) are basic tasks that must be accomplished every day for an
individual to thrive. Generally, ADLs can be broken down into the following categories:
• Personal hygiene
Bathing, grooming, oral, nail and hair care.
• Continence management
A person’s mental and physical ability to properly use the bathroom.
• Dressing
A person’s ability to select and wear the proper clothes for different occasions.
• Feeding
Whether a person can feed themselves or needs assistance.
• Ambulating
The extent of a person’s ability to change from one position to the other and to walk
independently.

11. Instrumental Activities of Daily living
(IADLs)
Instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) are somewhat more complex but nevertheless
also reflect on a person’s ability to live independently and thrive. IADLs thus include securing
assistance for:
• Companionship and mental support
This is a fundamental and much needed IADL for daily living. It reflects on the help that
may be needed to keep a person in a positive frame of mind.
• Transportation and shopping
How much a person can go around or procure their grocery and pharmacy needs without
help.
• Preparing meals
Planning and preparing the various aspects of meals, including shopping and storing
groceries.

12. • Managing a person’s household
Cleaning, tidying up, removing trash and clutter, and doing laundry and
folding clothes.
• Managing medications
How much help may be needed in getting prescriptions filled, keeping
medications up to date and taking meds on time and in the right dosages.
• Communicating with others
Managing the household’s phones and mail and generally making the home
hospitable and welcoming for visitors.
• Managing finances
How much assistance a person may need in managing bank balances and
check books and paying bills on time.

13. CheckList of ADL’s
ADL’s Measurement in relation with health
status: -
a) Requires No Assistance- Person is
independent i.e., healthy.
b) Some Assistance Needed- Partially
dependent.
c) Complete Assistance Needed-
Dependent on other for work i.e.,
Unhealthy.

14. CONCEPTS OF SELF-HEALTH
• Biomedical Concept- Health is the absence of disease(Germ Theory),
normal functioning ability, activities that leads to the survival of the species.
• Ecological Concept- Health is a dynamic equilibrium between man and his
environment. Imbalance results disease. Adaptation of man to his
environment leads to better health and longer life expectancy even in the
absence of modern health services.
• Psychological Concept- Health is not only a biomedical phenomenon, but
one which is in influenced by social psychological, cultural, economic and
political factors of the people concerned. Mental and emotional fulfilment
self-actualization. Absence of neurosis and psychosis.
•

15. • Holistic Concept- It emphasizes on promotion and protection of health. It
includes all the factors of the other concepts in addition to all human
activities such education, communication, agriculture, industry, housing,
recreation, etc.
It also implies that, all sectors of society have effect on health.
• Spiritual concept- Profound awareness, appreciation of truth and a sense
of bliss. Communication with the higher power Enlightenment.
Biomedical + Ecological + Psychosocial
+ Holistic + Spiritual Concept = Concept of Self-Health

16. Types of Health
HEALTH
PHYSICAL
PSCHO-
LOGICAL
SPIRITUAL
SOCIAL
ENVIRONMENTAL
INTELLECTUAL/
MENTAL

17. New Philosophy of Health
• Fundamental right
• Intersectoral
• Integral part of development
• Central to quality of life
• Social investment
• Worldwide social goal
• Involves individuals, families, communities, local, national and international
responsibilities.

18. CONCEPT OF DISEASE
• A disease is an abnormal condition affecting the body of an organism.
• Disease refers to any condition that impairs normal function.
• Illness and sickness occasionally used to refer specifically to the patient’s
personal experience of their disease.
• Disease is being, an exterior potency a remain attaching the man, penetrating
into him, fighting with him, dominating and killing him.
• Hippocrates stated the opinion that the disease was due to natural causes and
not to any demon.

19. HEALTH – ILLNES CONTINUUM/
ILLNESS-WELLNESS CONTINUUM
• The continuum was first envisioned by Dr Travis in 1972.
• The continuum is a scale to show how life style choices can move a person between high level
wellness and premature death.
• Health and illness/disease can be viewed as the opposite ends of a health continuum.
• Move back and forth within this continuum day by day wide ranges of health or illness.
• From high level of health a person’s condition can move through good health –normal health –
poor health --extremely poor health --to death.
• People move back and forth within this continuum day by day.
• How people perceive themselves and how others see them in terms of health and illness will also
affect their placement on the continuum.

21. 1. Movement to the right on the arrows (towards high level wellness)
equals an increasing level of health and well-being.
Achieved in three steps:
• Awareness
• Education
• Growth
2. Movement to the left on the arrows (towards premature death)
equates a progressively decreasing state of health.
Achieved in three steps:
• Signs
• Symptoms
• Disability

22. 3. Most important is the direction the individual is facing on the pathway
• If towards high-level health, a person has a genuinely optimistic or
positive outlook despite his/her health status.
• If towards premature death, a person has a genuinely pessimistic or
negative outlook about his, her health status.
4. Compares a treatment model with a Wellness model:
a) If a treatment model is used, an individual can move right only to the
neutral point.
• E.g.: a hypertensive client who only takes his medications without making
any other life-style changes.
b) If a wellness model is used, an individual can move right past the neutral
point
• E.g.: a hypertensive client who not only takes his medications, but stops
smoking, looses weight, starts an exercise program, etc.

23. Characteristics of Illness-Wellness
Model
• At any time any person’s health status holds a place on certain
point between two ends.
• Any point on the continuum is a synthetically representation of
various aspects of individual in physiology, psychology and
society.

24. NURSES RESPONSIBILITIES
• To help the client to identify their place on the health-continuum.
• To assist the clients to adopt some measures in order to reach a well state of
health.
• To explain and educate them the importance of balance diet.
• To assist the beings in doing exercises for staying healthy.
• To explain about the non-therapeutic techniques for relaxation of the body e.g.,
meditation, yoga etc.
• To help them to know about their vocational hazards and what safety measures
should a person take.

25. • To let them know the importance of regular health check-ups, so that early detection can help to
know the medical diagnosis of early stage of disease.
• Most important to explain and take care of vulnerable group members e.g., new-born’s, older
etc.
• Never take OTC drugs without any physician’s prescription because they can show adverse
reactions e.g., over dose of PCM can cause liver disorders.
• To explain them about model of an healthy lifestyle, behaviour and attitude.
• Facilitate client involvement in the assessment, implementation, and evaluation of health goals.
• Teach clients self-care strategies to enhance fitness, improve nutrition, manage stress, and
enhance relationships.
• Assist individuals, families, and communities to increase their levels of health.
• Assist clients, families, and communities to develop and choose health-promoting options.
• Guide clients’ development in effective problem solving and decision making.
• Reinforce clients’ personal and family health-promoting behaviour’s.
• Advocate in the community for changes that promote a healthy environment.

26. SUMMARY
• General idea/Concept regarding self-health is that health status of an individual depends on
various aspects of life sessions related to health i.e starting from neutral point on the health illness
continuum which proceeds towards high level wellness if a person is aware, educated, and
growing healthy status and is called as wellness.
• If an individual shows sign and symptoms of any kind of disease, disability and is also at risk of
developing the disability and require disease management and proper care of their self health.
• The treatment paradigm can bring the individual to the neutral point, where the symptoms of
disease have been alleviated.
• If an individual is not treated properly then he can move towards premature death and this leads
to bad/death health status of the person.
• Wellness is not a static state.
• High level wellness involves giving good care physically, using mind constructively, expressing
emotions effectively being creativity involved with those around us and being concerned about
physical, psychological and spiritual environments. It is less important where client are on the
continuum, it is more important which direction he/she is facing-toward illness or wellness.

27. CONCLUSION
• I would like to conclude up by saying that Health is a beautiful & precious
jewel for a person. It depends upon us that how we take care of our self
because this is a parameter on which whole other aspects of life depends e.g.,
physical, mental, social etc.
• The state of week health will be going to invite many other diseases.

28. Bibliography/
References
• Audrey Berman, Shirlee Snyder, Geralyn Frandsen, KOZIER & ERB’S Fundamentals of
Nursing: Concepts, Process and Practice, Publisher: Julie Levin Alexander, Edition: 10th
Year 2016, 2012, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. Page No. 13,14,170,244,253,262-265
• Potter & Perry’s, Fundamentals of Nursing, Publisher: Elsevier Year Reprinted 2010,
Edition 7nd, Page No. 410-424
• Soni Samta, Textbook of Advance Nursing Practice, Publisher: Jaypee Brothers Pvt.Ltd.
Year 2013, Edition 1st , Page No.360,361,363,364
• NET SOURCE:
• https://www.scribd.com/doc/8749394/Illness-Wellness-Continuum
• https://www.slideshare.net/ludymae/illness-wellness-and-health-scope-of-nursing
• https://www.kindlycare.com/activities-of-daily-living/

29. STAY HEALTHY!!
Thank you For Listening