Questionnaire

1. QUESTIONNAIRRE AS A TOOL
FOR DATA COLLECTION
ANANDGOWDA.S
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING
YENEPOYA NURSING COLLEGE
YENEPOYA UNIVERSITY , MANGALURU

2. MEANING OF A QUESTIONNAIRE
• -IT IS A PRINTED SELF-REPORT FORM
DESIGNED TO ELICIT INFORMATION.
• -INFORMATION CAN BE OBTAINED THROUGH
WRITTEN OR VERBAL RESPONSES OF THE
SUBJECT,
• -IT IS A PERFORMA CONTAINING SERIES OF
QUESTIONS

3. DEFINITION
• A questionnaire is a structured instrument
consisting of a series of questions prepared by
researcher that a research subject is asked to
complete, to gather data from individuals
about knowledge, attitude, beliefs and
feelings.
• A questionnaire is a structured self report
paper and pencil instrument that a research
subject is asked to complete

4. SALIENT FEATURES OF A
QUESTIONNAIRE
• -IT IS THE MOST COMMONLY USED DATA
COLLECTION METHOD IN NURSING RESEARCH,
• -IT IS A PAPER-PENCIL INSTRUMENT,
• -IT DEPENDS MUCH ON THE RESPONDANT’S
MEMORY,
• -IT SHOULD BE RELATED TO THE OBJECTIVES
OF THE STUDY

5. TYPES OF QUESTIONNAIRE
• STRUCTURED QUESTIONNAIRE:
• CONTAINS ONLY PREDTERMINED QUESTIONS
AND RESPONSE OPTIONS,
• SUBJECTS ARE ASKED TO RESPOND TO THE
SAME QUESTIONS IN THE SAME ORDER USING
THE SAME SET OF RESPONSE OPTIONS,

6. • SEMI-STRUCTURED QUESTIONNAIRE:
• CONTAIN SOME OPEN ENDED QUESTIONS
• AND SOME CLOSED –ENDED QUESTIONS
• SPECIFIC FORMAT FOR OBTAINING THE
INFORMATION IS FOLLOWED

7. TYPES OF QUESTIONS
• CLOSE ENDED QUESTIONS:
• RESPONSE ALTERNATIVES ARE PRESPECIFIED,
• THE ALTERNATIVES MAY RANGE FROM SIMPLE
YES OR NO TO COMPLEX EXPRESSIONS OF
OPINIONS,
• THE MAIN PURPOSE IS TO ENSURE
COMPARABILITY OF RESPONSES AND TO
FACILITATE ANALYSIS.

8. • OPEN ENDED QUESTIONS:
• ALLOWS PARTICIPANTS TO RESPOND TO
QUESTIONS IN THEIR OWN WORDS,

9. EXAMPLES OF QUESTION TYPES
• OPEN ENDED QUESTION:
• WHAT LED TO YOUR DECISION TO STOP
SMOKING?
• CLOSED ENDED QUESTION:
• HAVE YOU BEEN ADMITTED TO THE HOSPITAL
AT ANY TIME IN THE PAST 4YRS:
• -YES
• -NO

10. • MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION:
• ADULT RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME
OCCURS DUE TO:
• -BAROTRAUMA,
• -PNEUMONIA,
• -PYLORIC STENOSIS,
• -HEMOTHORAX

11. • RANK ORDER QUESTION:
• LIST THE THINGS THAT YOU VALUE:
• -SELF-RESPECT,
• -COMMITMENT,
• -MORALITY
• -OBEDIENCE TO YOUR PARENTS,
• BY PLACING 1 BESIDE THE MOST
IMPORTANT,2BESIDE THE SECOND MOST
IMPORTANT.

12. • FORCED –CHOICE QUESTIONS:
• WHICH STATEMENT MOST CLOSELY
REPRESENTS YOUR POINT OF VIEW:
• -I HAVE A CONTROL OVER MY ACTIONS,
• -WHAT HAS HAPPENS TO ME IS MY OWN
DOING.

13. • RATING QUESTION:
• ON A SCALE OF 0 TO 10, WHERE 0 MEANS
EXTREMELY DISSATISIFIED, AND 10 IS
EXTREMELY SATISIFIED.
• HOW SATISFIED ARE YOU WITH THE CARE
PROVIDED BY THE NURSES IN THE HOSPITAL.

14. GUIDELINES FOR A GOOD
QUESTIONNAIRE
• IT SHOULD BE BRIEF,RELATED TO THE
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY,
• IT SHOULD BE TRANSLATED IN LOCAL
LANGUAGE,
• CARE TO BE TAKEN IN WORDING PERSONAL
OR EMBRASSING QUESTIONS,
• QUESTIONS SHOULD PROCEED IN LOGICAL
SEQUENCE,

15. • MAILED QUESTIONNAIRE SHOULD ALWAYS BE
ACCOMPAINED WITH FOLLOWING DETAILS:
• INTORDUCTORY LETER,
• MAINTAING OF CONFIDENTIALITY,
• CONSENT LETTER,
• PURPOSE OF THE STUDY,
• TIME TAKEN AND DIRECTIONS TO FILL THE
QUESTIONNAIRE,
• REQUEST TO RETURN THE FILLED PROFROMA
AND A SELF ADDRESSED STAMPED ENVELOPE.

16. QUESTIONNAIRE FORMAT
• SELF INTRODUCTORY LETTER,
• TITLE OF THE STUDY ,
• DIRECTIONS FOR COMPLETING THE
QUESTIONNAIRE,
• NUMBERGING EACH PAGE OF THE
QUESTIONNAIRE,
• ASSIGNING SERIAL NUMBER TO THE QUESTIONS,
• SIGNATURE OF THE SUBJECT,

17. WORDING OF QUESTIONS
• DECIDE THE TYPE OF QUESTIONS TO BE
FORMULATED ACCORDING TO THE
REQUIREMENTS,(OPEN OR CLOSED ENDED)
• AVOID LONG SENTENCES AND
PHARSES,TECHNICAL TERMS,
• USE SIMPLE SENTENCES TO BE UNDERSTOOD
BY LEAST EDUCATED RESPONDANTS OF THE
SAMPLE,

18. • ALWAYS BE AWARE OF RESPONDANTS LEVEL
OF INFORMATION,
• AVOID LEADING QUESTIONS,
• AVOID IDENTIFYING A POSITION OR A PERSON
BY NAME,
• AVOID SENTENCES THAT HAVE EMOTIONAL
TAG,
• CHECK FOR OVERLAPPING OF WORDS OR
SENTENCES,GRAMMER.

19. • EVERY ITEM OF THE QUESTIONNAIRE SHOULD
RELATE TO THE TOPIC UNDER STUDY,
• GENERAL QUESTIONS SHOULD LEAD TO
SPECIFIC ONES,PERSONAL BIO-DATA SHOULD
BE INCLUDED IN THE BEGINNING OR END.

20. ADMINISTRATION OF QUESTIONNAIRE
• SELF ADMINISTERED,
• MAILING THE QUESTIONNAIRE

21. ADVANTAGES OF QUESTIONNAIRES
• IT IS A RELATIVELY EFFICIENT DATA
COLLECTION METHOD IN TERMS OF MONEY,
TIME, AND EASE OF ADMINISTRATION.
• QUESTIONNAIRES OFFER THE POSSIBILITY OF
SUBJECTS ANONYMITY.
• LARGE SAMPLES DATA CAN BE COLLECTED,
• IT PROVIDES UNIFORMITY,
• IT IS FREE FROM BIAS OF THE INTERVIEWER.

22. LIMITATIONS OF QUESTIONNAIRES
• HAVE LOW RESPONSE RATE,
• LITERATE POPULATION ONLY CAN BE
ADMINISTERED,
• IT DOES NOT PROVIDE ANY CHECK ON
VERACITY OF RESPONSES,
• DIFFICULTY TO KNOW WHETHER THE WILLING
RESPONDENTS REPRESENT THE POPULATION
UNDER STUDY,

23. • MISINTERPRETATION OF THE QUESTIONS IS A
POSSIBILITY,
• POSSIBILITY OF GETTING AMBIGUOUS OR
INCOMPLETE ANSWERS,
• RELIABILTY AND VALIDITY OF QUESTIONNARES
DEPEND ON SUBJECTS HONEST RESPONSES.

24. CONCLUSION
• QUESTIONNAIRES TEND TO BE USED IN
DESCRIPTIVE STUDIES,
• DESIGNED TO GATHER A BROAD SPECTRUM
OF INFORMATION FROM THE SUBJECTS,SUCH
AS FACTS ABOUT THE SUBJECT OR ABOUT
PERSONS KNOWN BY THE SUBJECTS,ABOUT
EVENTS, OR SITUATIONS KNOWN BY THE
SUBJECT OR BELIEFS ATTITUDES, OPINIONS,
LEVELS OF KNOWLEDGE OF THE SUBJECTS.

25. ACTIVITY
• TITLE OF THE STUDY
• SMOKING PATTERN AMONG ADOLSCENTS OF
• HIGH SCHOOLS.
• PREPARE A QUESTIONNAIRE (TEN QUESTIONS)
• -OPENED ENDED QUESTIONS
• -CLOSED ENDED QUESTIONS
• -MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
• -RATING QUESTIONS.

26. BIBILIOGRAPHY
• BURNS NANCY & GROVE K.SUSAN,
UNDERSTANDING NURSING
RESEARCH.SAUNDERS.2002.
• GRANT BOYLE ANN & VETA
H.MASSEY,NURSING
LEADERSHIP,MANAGEMENT &
RESEARCH.SPRINGHOUSHE
CORPORATION,PENNSYLVANIA,

27. • BHASKARA RAO.T.RESEARCH
METHODOLOGY,PARAS MEDICAL
PUBLISHER.HYDERBAD.2ND EDITION.2005.
• BASAVANTHAPPA.B.T. NURSING
RESEARCH,1998,JAYPEE BROTHERS,BANGALORE.
• POLIT.F DENISE & BECK TATANO
CHERYL,ESSENTIALS OF NURSING RESEARCH,7TH
EDITION,LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS. NEW
DELHI.