This document provides information about a science class on volcanoes. The class covered: - Definitions of science and the scientific method. - Types of science, with a focus on earth science. - Characteristics of volcanoes like location and types (active, dormant, extinct). - Parts of a volcano like the vent and crater. - Safety during volcanic eruptions. - Experiments on chemical reactions and density, including building a model volcano and a lava lamp demonstration.

1. Science
Experiment
Winter
Camp

2. What is Science?

3. What is Science?
• Class in School （Is it easy class?)
• Definition of Science:
• The study of the structure and behavior of the physical and natural world.
• We study it by doing:
• Observations (watching things)
• Experiments (test theories or what we think will happen).

4. Types of Science:
Science
Physical
Chemistry Physics
Earth Social Life
Biology
Mathematical
Which is your favorite?

5. Today’s science class is
about Earth Science
• Geological Science
• Knowledge of Earth composition and
structure
• How the earth is built?
• What it is made of?

6. Volcano’s
• What is a volcano?
• Where can you find them?
• Can you name any Volcanos
in Taiwan?

7. Volcano’s
• What is a volcano?
• A volcano is an opening in the earth's crust through
which magma, ash and gas erupt. Volcanoes can be
different shapes although they are commonly cone
shaped
• Where can you find them?
• Many countries, including Taiwan, Japan, and United
States
• Ring of Fire
• Does Taiwan have any Volcanos?
• Yes, in the Datun Volcano Group in northern Taiwan,
the Guishan Island off the coast of Yilan, and the
undersea volcanoes in the waters off northeastern
Taiwan.

8. Types of
Volcanos
Active
• Means it has erupted recently and can
erupt again.
Dormant
• Means it has erupted in the past 2000
years. (Mostly sleeping)
Extinct
• Means it should not erupt again. (The
volcano has died.)

9. Major Parts of
the Volcano
• Vent
• Crater
• Ash Clouds
• Lava (Magma)

11. Group Time
• Complete the Parts of a
Volcano worksheets.

12. If a Volcano erupts,
what should you do?
• Move as far away as you can from the Volcano
• Get inside (don’t want to get hit by falling rocks)
• Close all doors and windows (don’t want to
breath the volcanic gas)
• Stay away from windows while inside

13. Experiments
• a scientific test in which you perform a
series of actions and carefully observe
their effects in order to learn about
something.

14. Why do Experiments
• They are fun
• Part of the Scientific
Process/Method
• To test hypothesis.
• testable statement about
the relationship between
two or more variables or
a proposed explanation
for some observed
phenomenon.

15. Chemical Reaction
• This happens when two
chemicals combine to cause
something to happen.
• For our Volcanos, we will
mix Baking Soda and
Vinegar to create a reaction.

16. Baking Soda
• Scientific Name is: Sodium
bicarbonate
• Commonly known as baking
soda or bicarbonate of soda
• A chemical compound with the
formula NaHCO3. It is
a salt composed of
a sodium cation (Na+) and
a bicarbonate anion (HCO3).

17. Vinegar
• Scientific Name is: Acetic
Acid
• Commonly known as Vinegar
• A chemical compound with the
formula CH3COOH. It is
composed of Hydrogen,
Carbon, and Oxygen
molecules.

18. Chemical Reaction of Volcanoes
• A chemical reaction between vinegar and baking soda creates a
gas called carbon dioxide.
• Carbon dioxide is the same type of gas used to make the
carbonation in Coca Cola.
• What happens if you shake up a soda? The gas gets very
excited and tries to spread out. There is not enough room in the
bottle for the gas to spread out so it leaves through the opening
very quickly, causing an eruption!

19. Building a Volcano. You need:
• Box for your Volcano to sit in
• Bowl of Water and Glue
• Empty Bottle
• Cup for the base of the volcano
• Old wadded up newspaper and Tape
• Colored Paper and Scissors
• Baking Soda and Vinegar and Food Coloring

20. Building a
Volcano: Step 1
• Place your carboard box/sheet on
the table.
• This will help clean things clean

21. Building a
Volcano: Step 2
• Place your cup upside down in
the middle of the cardboard.
• This becomes your base of the
volcano.

22. Building a
Volcano: Step 3
• Glue your bottle on top of your
cup.
• Make sure the bottle will not fall
over.

23. Building a Volcano:
Step 4
• Form your base using wadded up paper.
• Use tape to help create the cone shape.

24. Building a
Volcano: Step 5
• Cut your colored paper in strips.
• Dip the strips into your water
(that is mixed with glue)
• Put the strips on the volcano.

25. Volcano is
now built

26. Let’s make an eruption
now!
• Get your baking soda, vinegar
and food coloring ready:
• Use cup to mix food coloring and
vinegar.
• Put the baking soda into the
volcano.
• Pour the colored vinegar into the
volcano.
• Be careful, as it might explode 

27. Experiment
#2

28. Density
• It’s the secret behind the lava lamp.
• Density is a property of measurement that determines the
amount of space which is taken up an object or a
substance.
• is that it is the amount of mass present within an object about its
volume.

29. Objects have different densities
• Mass is the quantity of matter in a substance or object
• Volume is the amount of space it takes up.

30. • Different
objects placed
in water react
differently due
to the density.

31. Why does it matter?
• A hard object like a rubber ball has a _______ density (low or high).
• A softer object like a foam ball has a _______ density (low or high).
• If an object is dense, it may ______ (sink or float).
• If an object is not dense, it may ______ (sink or float).

32. Lava Lamp Experiment Supplies
• Empty clear plastic water bottle
• Food coloring
• Oil
• Water
• Alka-Seltzer tablets
• Plastic cups

33. Lava Lamp Worksheet
• Take out your worksheet and fill in your predictions.
• Let’s now do the experiment and observe what happens.