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Dr Anna Spenceley
Chair, IUCN World Commission on Protected Areas
Tourism and Protected Areas Specialist Group (TAPAS group)
Global Partnership for Sustainable Tourism
3rd Annual Partners’ Symposium, 25 March 2013
Achieving the Aichi Targets:
Concessions and Protected Areas

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Tourism concessions
• Granting of delegated rights to develop tourism
activities and infrastructures in protected areas
and subject to conservation public interest:
– Unilaterally, in the form of a License
– In a mutually agreed manner, in the form of a
Concession Contract
• How do they contribute to Sustainable Tourism?
– PA authority requirements on concessionaires on
biodiversity conservation: development & operation

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Tourism concessions & Aichi
• 10th CoP of the Convention on Biological Diversity, Nagoya,
Japan, October 2010
– Strategic plan for CBD implementation: Aichi targets for 2020
Tourism concession contributions to Aichi strategic goals:
Strategic goal A. Address the underlying causes of biodiversity
loss by mainstreaming biodiversity across government and society
Strategic goal B. Reduce the direct pressures on biodiversity
and promote sustainable use
Strategic goal C: To improve the status of biodiversity by
safeguarding ecosystems, species and genetic diversity
Strategic goal D: Enhance the benefits to all from
biodiversity and ecosystem services

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De-
commissioning
Waste disposal
Remediation
Planning
Location
Design
Footprint
Access
Construction
Materials
Waste
Footprint
Operation
Activities
Water use &
disposal
Energy
Materials
Waste
Strategic goal A. Address the underlying causes of biodiversity
loss by mainstreaming biodiversity across government and society
1. Include conservation requirements in
concession planning and bidding
2. Monitoring and reporting on environmental
impacts of concession contract

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NIASSA RESERVE, PRINCIPLES
1. Concession Units for Conservation Hunting & Non -
ConsumptiveTourism
2. Reach the high end Market clientele
3. Combination of Commercial and Philantropic Operators
4. Sharing Management Costs and responsibilities
Objectives: Implement the best practices to monitor the
Bioversity of the Reserve, with respect to hunting – “ Maximize
trophy quality and economic returns while maintaining viability
and growth of wildlife populations through ecologically
sustainable hunting practices
1. Conservation requirements in concession
planning and bidding
Rodrigues and Booth 2012,

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2. Monitoring and reporting
Sue Snyman, 2012; Wilderness
Holdings Ltd, 2012
Strategic Goal A: Target 2: By 2020, at the latest, biodiversity values have
been integrated into . . . planning processes . . . and reporting systems.

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Principal Features:
• Joint venture development -
Mpunga community (60%) &
Eco-MICAIA Ltd (40%)
• Situated in Moribane Forest
(conservation area) on a 5.5ha
site allocated by the community
• 18 beds in 4 rondavels, a 3-
bedroom family lodge and 2
fixed tents + prepared & serviced
campsites
• Restaurant and bar serving
creative locally inspired dishes
using seasonal produce
Andrew Kingman, 2012, Eco-MICAIA
Strategic goal B. Reduce the direct pressures on biodiversity and
promote sustainable use

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Sustainability initiatives:
forest conservation
• Direct conservation of the Moribane Forest.
– Planting and landscaping within the Camp grounds
– Establishing a tree seedling nursery
– Planting 1,000s of trees
– Training Community Forest Rangers
– Further work on zoning, creating new community agreed
limits on settlement and agriculture areas
– Preparing detailed information about the biodiversity of
the Forest – creating the Moribane Forest Learning Centre
Andrew Kingman, 2012, Eco-MICAIA

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Training community forest
rangers
Forest Nursery
Andrew Kingman, 2012, Eco-MICAIA
Strategic goal B: Target 5: By 2020, the rate of loss of all natural habitats . . .
is at least halved . . . and degradation and fragmentation is significantly reduced.
Indigenous tree nursery

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Conservation of water bodies
Ensure that there are no significant negative impacts on these bodies
Minimise water usage through collection buckets in solar showers &
education…most camps (70%) rely on borehole water
Sue Snyman, 2012
Strategic goal C: To improve the status of biodiversity by safeguarding
ecosystems, species and genetic diversity

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Integration into concession site plan
• Project design
• Location – sensitive sites
• Design standards - siting, design compatibility, aesthetics,
impact reduction re ecological and cultural values (design to
minimize negative effects on site and surrounding areas)
• Design for operation – waste water, water use, energy
conservation. Build in energy conservation technology
• Access – by road, air, water and implications
• Planning requirements – Environmental Impact
Assessment
Adapted from Ted Manning, Tourisk Inc
Strategic goal C: Target 11: By 2020, at least 17% of terrestrial and inland
water, and 10% of coastal and marine areas, . . . . are conserved through
effectively and equitably managed, ecologically representative and well connected
systems of protected areas and other effective area-based conservation measures

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• Tourism as contributor to health of visitors
(healthy people, healthy parks)
• Livelihoods of host populations:
– Economic: employment, equity in concessions,
sales of products/services, poverty reduction
– Social/Cultural: Enrichment, craft/dance, tours,
healthcare, education etc.
Strategic goal D: Enhance the benefits to all from biodiversity and
ecosystem services

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Protected Area Stakeholders
Adapted from ILO, 2011
Protected Area .Natural
attractions
Tourism concession
Farmers
Community .
Cultural
attractions and
activities Small Medium and
Micro Enterprises
External
activities
Tour operators
Community
based
organisations
Government and authorities
Traditional
authorities
National government
Local government
Conservation
authorities
Tourism facilities
Tourists
Non-governmental
Organisations

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Strategic goal D. Target 14: By 2020, ecosystems that provide essential
services, including services related to water, and contribute to health,
livelihoods and well-being, are restored and safeguarded, taking into account
needs of women, indigenous &local communities, & the poor & vulnerable.
Involvement of local people in concessions

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Relevant TAPAS member
activities
• Best Practice guidelines on Sustainable Tourism in
Protected Areas (3rd Edition) – in progress
• Manual on tourism concessions with UNDP– in
progress
• Guidelines for the planning and management of
concessions, leases, licenses, and permits in parks and
protected areas (2012)
• International concessions workshop, analysis and
private sector toolkit with USAID (2012)
• IUCN WCC workshop on tourism and concessions in
protected areas (2012)

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Further information on the
IUCN WCPA TAPAS group
Email: Dr Anna Spenceley (chair TAPAS) - annaspenceley@gmail.com
Website:www.iucn.org/about/work/programmes/gpap_home/gpap_c
apacity2/gpap_wcpacap/gpap_tourism/
Wiki: planeta.wikispaces.com/TAPAS
Facebook: www.facebook.com/pages/Tourism-and-
Protected-Areas-Specialist-Group/122961127797095
Linked-In group: www.linkedin.com/groups?gid
=4735342&trk=myg_ugrp_ovr