Wireless communication technology takes a leap about every ten years, and every generation has fundamentally changed the world. For the next-generation 5G communications technology, the industry's more consistent goal is to achieve commercial deployment in 2020. In 2015, the global development of 5G technology entered a crucial period for technical R&D and standardization preparation. It has completed the key content of the 5th generation of mobile communication naming, vision, and timetable, and initiated the 5G standard before this year. Compared to previous generations of networks, 5G will play a bigger role - create a connection framework for everything.

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5G: Creating Everything Connection Architecture
Written By Calio Huang
Wireless communication technology takes a leap about every ten years, and every generation has
fundamentally changed the world. For the next-generation 5G communications technology, the
industry's more consistent goal is to achieve commercial deployment in 2020. In 2015, the global
development of 5G technology entered a crucial period for technical R&D and standardization
preparation. It has completed the key content of the 5th generation of mobile communication
naming, vision and timetable, and initiated the 5G standard before this year. Compared to
previous generations of networks, 5G will play a bigger role - create a connection framework for
everything.
5G Leads Industrial Evolution
For a long time, we always like to do a variety of predictions. With regard to the prospects for the
development of 5G, perhaps it is no longer appropriate for us to use the narrow number of
"users" to make predictions. In the future, the "users" of 5G will be more extensive - the future
home, automobiles, robots, drones, machine tools, slaughter production lines, agricultural bases,
high-speed railways, cities, etc. - almost everything will be networked. According to some experts,
by 2030, the mobile Internet will enable all industries to become smart and replace traditional
mechanical and mechatronic products; before analysis company data shows that by 2020, the
number of “generalized” terminals will reach 25 billion. - 500 billion ministries. From this
perspective, 5G will have the potential to disrupt the traditional views of ordinary people on the
industry. The future industry or manufacturing industry will be driven by the mobile Internet,
sensors, software, mobility, and cloud computing.
In addition to forecasting, we can also review the history of the concept of everything connected
or the Internet of Things. The current general view is that the Cyber-Physical Systems proposed
by the National Science Foundation (NSF) in 2006 was one of the earlier concepts of the “Internet
of Things”. This system later became the core subject of research in the United States.
Researchers believe that the system needs a new framework to support it. 5G will lead the
industry in creating a new all-in-one connectivity architecture, extending from “personal
communication” to connecting everything almost anywhere, from the maximum data service to
new services such as ultra-reliable control, from the concept of “terminal to endpoint” to new
The smart connection and interaction modes have evolved from the coexistence of various

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networks to the integration of access, spectrum types, and services.
The future 5G network will provide an integrated distributed platform for computing, storage,
network resources, and connectivity. The main advancement of this platform is that it can
provide lower, even millisecond, delays, as well as lower costs and higher energy efficiency.
Practical applications such as self-driving cars and telemedicine will benefit from lower latency
and higher reliability. In addition, 5G technology not only provides a rich mobile experience, such
as ultra-high-definition video conferencing and virtual reality live streaming, but also enables the
development and popularization of car networking, smart cities, smart homes, and wearable
devices.
In summary, based on the changes that began with 4G LTE, 5G will meet significantly increased
connectivity requirements. This technology will connect new industries and new terminals,
support new services, and create new user experiences, and will use efficient and low-cost
communications. Optimized to connect everything at any time.
Create a powerful unified 5G platform
There is no doubt that the future connection of all things will be led by 5G technology. So, how
will 5G achieve this grand goal? What are technological breakthroughs needed to meet the
various highly varied usage scenarios in the 5G vision?
Some innovative technologies will promote the establishment of a more powerful unified 5G
platform. The main areas of interest include the following: First, the design is based on uniform
airwaves that optimize OFDM waveforms, and multiple access with a flexible framework that can
extend from the low-frequency band to Millimeter wave, expansion from macro station
deployment to local hotspots, and support for licensed, unlicensed, and shared licensed bands
from the beginning of development; second, its new 5G multi-connection technology can support
cross-over 5G, 4G LTE, and Wi-Fi technologies Concurrent connections and aggregation, and its
multiple access 5G core network can ensure that mobile operators can continue to benefit from
the current investment in construction in the future; Third, define a flexible network architecture
for 5G network operators and OTT services Providers can quickly and efficiently build customized
services to meet the changing 5G use cases and complete the expansion from low-cost hotspots
to wide-area mobile deployments.
In addition, the 5G millimeter wave (mmWave) design was successfully demonstrated recently.
The millimeter-wave band (eg, 28 GHz) not only brings bandwidth sufficient to support
multi-gigabit per second (Gbps) data transmission rates, but also provides the opportunity to
utilize extremely dense spatial multiplexing to increase capacity. These opportunities are not new
- millimeter-wave frequencies are currently used in applications such as indoor high-resolution
video transmission via 802.11ad Wi-Fi operating in the 60GHz spectrum. However, in the past,
these higher frequency ranges were not stable enough for indoor/outdoor mobile broadband
applications due to high transmission losses and were hampered by the obstruction of buildings,
people, plants, and even raindrops. Insufficient coverage, lack of mobility support (especially in
non-line-of-sight environments), these issues have made the application of millimeter wave in
mobile broadband has not been feasible.
Engineers demonstrated the TDD synchronization system running at 28GHz. The live
demonstration demonstrated smart beamforming and beam tracking techniques. With this

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technology, a relatively stable signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) can be obtained even if the equipment
is moved and radio channel conditions change. The demonstration graphical user interface (GUI)
clearly shows the system switching between beam types (up and down) as the environment
changes. Engineers revealed that in other measurements, the line-of-sight (LOS) coverage
measured by the system was approximately 350 meters, while the simulated measurements in
outdoor-intensive cities conducted in Manhattan resulted in about 150 meters of
non-line-of-sight (NLOS) coverage. In other words, this live demonstration is a big step toward the
"mobilization" of millimeter waves.
What can we do in the former 5G era?
During the 5G International Symposium on Information and Communication Technologies,
various vendors also demonstrated the technology during the 4G to 5G transition period. The
development of 4G LTE, LTE-Advanced, and Wi-Fi technologies is also underway. It is dedicated to
developing carrier aggregation, unlicensed-band LTE (including LTE-U, LAA, and MuLTEfire) and
LTE/Wi-Fi link aggregation. New technologies such as LTE D2D/V2X, Narrowband Internet of
Things (NB-IoT) and Wi-Fi 802.11ac/ad/ax are expanding their capabilities to support a large
number of usage scenarios for the 5G vision.
Taking the demonstration of LTE Direct as an example, this is an innovative technology for
terminal discovery that is used for proximity exploration. Applications that use LTE Direct can
allow users to know the real-time situation around them at any time, easily, and privately, thus
changing people’s socialization. Get discount information and how to interact with people and
things. In layman's terms, this is a technique that allows you to discover the "value" of your
surroundings without any luck.
In the area of IoT, the latest LTE modems are introduced to provide reliable and optimized cellular
connectivity for the ever-growing number of terminals and systems in the Internet of Things. One
is designed for IoT applications such as smart meters, security, asset tracking, wearables, sales
outlets, and industrial automation, many of which require extremely reliable and energy-efficient
cloud service connections. It offers LTE Cat 1 connectivity, power and throughput optimization,
and other customizable features. Another solution that will enable terminal manufacturers to
support cost optimization and provide enhanced ultra-low power consumption and extended
range as a component of Cat-M (eMTC) and the narrow-band Internet of Things (NB-IOT), as well
as the ability to utilize narrowband Modems more efficiently, serve low data rate IoT
applications.