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TONGUE-I
Presented by :- Dr. Sushma Tomar
Associate Professor
Department of Anatomy
Lesson Plan
 Introduction
 Presenting parts:
• Root
• Tip
• Body
 Muscles of Tongue
 Arterial supply
 Venous drainage
 Lymphatic drainage
 Nerve supply
 Applied aspects
Introduction
• Tongue is a mobile muscular
organ.
Location:
• Partly in the oral cavity and partly in
the oropharynx.
Functions:
• Taste perception.
• Speech (articulation).
• Mastication.
• Deglutition.
Shape:
• Conical
Presenting Parts
• Root
• Tip (Apex)
• Body
Root:
• It is the attached part of the tongue.
• It is attached to the Mandible and
Hyoid bone by muscles.
• Nerve and blood vessels of the tongue
enter through its root.
Presenting Parts contd…
Tip (Apex):
 It is the anterior free end.
 It comes into contact with central incisors.
Body:
 The part of tongue, between its root and
tip.
 It has two surfaces:
• Dorsal
• Ventral
 It has two borders:
• Right lateral
• Left lateral
Dorsal Surface
• Convex.
Sulcus Terminalis:
• An inverted V-shaped
groove on the dorsum of
the tongue.
• Divides the dorsum of
tongue into anterior 2/3rd
and posterior 1/3rd .
• Anterior 2/3rd – Body of
tongue [Oral part]
• Posterior 1/3rd –Root of
tongue [Pharyngeal part]
Dorsal Surface contd…
Foramen Caecum-
• Present at the apex of sulcus terminalis.
• A blind foramen.
• It indicates the point of origin of median thyroid diverticulum (thyroglossal duct) in
embryonic life.
Dorsal Surface of Oral Part
• Median furrow.
• Lingual papillae.
Lingual papillae:
• These are projections of lamina propria covered with epithelium.
Types- 4
• Vallate papillae.
• Filiform papillae.
• Fungiform papillae.
• Foliate papillae.
Vallate Papillae
[Circumvallate Papillae]-
• Largest (1-2 mm in diameter).
Location- In front of sulcus terminalis in a
‘V’shaped row
Shape- Truncated cone.
• Each papilla is surrounded by a circular
sulcus.
• Circular sulcus is bounded on its periphery
by a wall (vallum).
• Ducts of several salivary glands open in
the circular sulcus.
• Taste buds are present in the papilla and
its vallum.
Lingual Papillae
Filiform Papillae-
• Most numerous.
Shape- finger like.
• Have sharply pointed tips.
Location- all over the dorsal surface of oral
part of tongue.
• No taste buds are present.
Fungiform Papillae-
• ~ 1mm in diameter.
Shape- mushroom shaped (rounded head and
narrower base).
Location- mostly at the apex and margins of
the tongue.
• Visible as discrete pink pinheads.
• Taste buds are present.
tongue-I.pptx
tongue-I.pptx
Dorsal Surface of Pharyngeal Part [Base of Tongue]
• This surface forms the anterior wall of oropharynx.
• No lingual papillae.
• A large number of lymphoid follicles are present in the
submucosa [Lingual Tonsils].
• Mucosa of this surface is reflected onto the front of
epiglottis as median glossoepiglottic fold.
• Mucosa is reflected onto the lateral wall of pharynx as
lateral glossoepiglottic folds.
• The space on each side of median glossoepiglottic
fold is termed ‘epigllotic vallecula’.
Ventral Surface of Tongue
• The mucosa of this surface is thin, smooth
and purplish.
Features:
• Frenulum linguae.
• Deep lingual veins.
• Plica fimbriata.
Frenulum linguae-
• A midline fold of mucous membrane,
connecting the tongue to the floor of
mouth.
Deep lingual veins-
• May be seen through mucous membrane
on either side of frenulum linguae.
Plica fimbriata-
• A fringed fold of mucous membrane, lateral
to the deep lingual vein.
tongue-I.pptx
Applied Aspects
Tongue Tie
• Frenulum extends towards the tip of the tongue.
Clinical Features-
• Inhibited movements of tongue.
• May interfere with normal speech.
Sublingual route of oral medication-
• Some lipid soluble drugs can diffuse through the thin mucous membrane of sublingual region
of oral cavity.
e.g. Nitroglycerine (Sorbitrate).
Muscles of Tongue
• Extrinsic muscles.
• Intrinsic muscles.
Extrinsic Muscles-
• Take origin from structures outside the tongue.
• Insert in the tongue.
• Produce movements of tongue.
• Change the shape of tongue.
Intrinsic Muscles-
• Within the tongue.
• Change the shape of tongue.
Muscles of Tongue contd…
• Each half of tongue contains 4 extrinsic and 4 intrinsic muscles.
Extrinsic Muscles-
• Genioglossus.
• Hyoglossus.
• Styloglossus.
• Palatoglossus.
Intrinsic Muscles-
• Superior longitudinal.
• Inferior longitudinal.
• Transverse.
• Vertical.
Genioglossus [Safety Muscle of Tongue]
• A fan-shaped muscle.
• Forms most of the bulk of tongue.
Origin-
• Superior genial tubercle of mandible.
Insertion-
• Fibers radiate backwards into the
corresponding half of the tongue.
Lower fibers – insert into the body of
hyoid bone.
Intermediate fibers -
• Pass beneath the anterior border of
hyoglossus.
• Extend upto stylohyoid ligament and
middle constrictor of pharynx.
Upper fibers-
• Turn upwards and forwards.
• Extend up to the tip of tongue.
Actions-
• Protrusion of tongue [ both muscles
acting together].
Hyoglossus [Key Muscle of Suprahyoid Region]
• A flat, quadrilateral muscle.
Origin-
• Upper surface of greater cornu and
adjacent part of body of hyoid bone.
Insertion-
• Side of tongue between styloglossus
laterally and inferior longitudinal
muscle medially.
Actions-
• Depression of Tongue (make the
dorsal surface convex).
• Retraction of Tongue.
Superficial Relations of Hyoglossus
• Hypoglossal nerve.
• Lingual nerve.
• Deep part of Submandibular
gland.
• Submandibular duct.
• Submandibular ganglion.
• Styloglossus muscle.
• Mylohyoid muscle.
Deep Relations of Hyoglossus
• Inferior longitudinal muscle of
tongue.
• Genioglossus.
• Middle constrictor of pharynx.
• Glossopharyngeal nerve.
• Stylohyoid ligament.
• Lingual artery.
Genioglossus
Middle constricor of pharynx
Styloglossus
Origin-
• Front of tip of styloid process.
• Adjoining part of stylohyoid ligament.
Insertion-
• Whole length of side of tongue.
Actions-
• Retraction of tongue (antagonist to genioglossus).
Palatoglossus
Origin-
• Oral surface of palatine aponeurosis.
Insertion-
• Side of tongue (at the junction of anterior 2/3rd and posterior 1/3rd)
Actions-
• Pulls up the tongue.
• Approximates palatoglossal arches.
tongue-I.pptx

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tongue-I.pptx

  • 1. TONGUE-I Presented by :- Dr. Sushma Tomar Associate Professor Department of Anatomy
  • 2. Lesson Plan  Introduction  Presenting parts: • Root • Tip • Body  Muscles of Tongue  Arterial supply  Venous drainage  Lymphatic drainage  Nerve supply  Applied aspects
  • 3. Introduction • Tongue is a mobile muscular organ. Location: • Partly in the oral cavity and partly in the oropharynx. Functions: • Taste perception. • Speech (articulation). • Mastication. • Deglutition. Shape: • Conical
  • 4. Presenting Parts • Root • Tip (Apex) • Body Root: • It is the attached part of the tongue. • It is attached to the Mandible and Hyoid bone by muscles. • Nerve and blood vessels of the tongue enter through its root.
  • 5. Presenting Parts contd… Tip (Apex):  It is the anterior free end.  It comes into contact with central incisors. Body:  The part of tongue, between its root and tip.  It has two surfaces: • Dorsal • Ventral  It has two borders: • Right lateral • Left lateral
  • 6. Dorsal Surface • Convex. Sulcus Terminalis: • An inverted V-shaped groove on the dorsum of the tongue. • Divides the dorsum of tongue into anterior 2/3rd and posterior 1/3rd . • Anterior 2/3rd – Body of tongue [Oral part] • Posterior 1/3rd –Root of tongue [Pharyngeal part]
  • 7. Dorsal Surface contd… Foramen Caecum- • Present at the apex of sulcus terminalis. • A blind foramen. • It indicates the point of origin of median thyroid diverticulum (thyroglossal duct) in embryonic life.
  • 8. Dorsal Surface of Oral Part • Median furrow. • Lingual papillae. Lingual papillae: • These are projections of lamina propria covered with epithelium. Types- 4 • Vallate papillae. • Filiform papillae. • Fungiform papillae. • Foliate papillae.
  • 9. Vallate Papillae [Circumvallate Papillae]- • Largest (1-2 mm in diameter). Location- In front of sulcus terminalis in a ‘V’shaped row Shape- Truncated cone. • Each papilla is surrounded by a circular sulcus. • Circular sulcus is bounded on its periphery by a wall (vallum). • Ducts of several salivary glands open in the circular sulcus. • Taste buds are present in the papilla and its vallum.
  • 10. Lingual Papillae Filiform Papillae- • Most numerous. Shape- finger like. • Have sharply pointed tips. Location- all over the dorsal surface of oral part of tongue. • No taste buds are present. Fungiform Papillae- • ~ 1mm in diameter. Shape- mushroom shaped (rounded head and narrower base). Location- mostly at the apex and margins of the tongue. • Visible as discrete pink pinheads. • Taste buds are present.
  • 13. Dorsal Surface of Pharyngeal Part [Base of Tongue] • This surface forms the anterior wall of oropharynx. • No lingual papillae. • A large number of lymphoid follicles are present in the submucosa [Lingual Tonsils]. • Mucosa of this surface is reflected onto the front of epiglottis as median glossoepiglottic fold. • Mucosa is reflected onto the lateral wall of pharynx as lateral glossoepiglottic folds. • The space on each side of median glossoepiglottic fold is termed ‘epigllotic vallecula’.
  • 14. Ventral Surface of Tongue • The mucosa of this surface is thin, smooth and purplish. Features: • Frenulum linguae. • Deep lingual veins. • Plica fimbriata. Frenulum linguae- • A midline fold of mucous membrane, connecting the tongue to the floor of mouth. Deep lingual veins- • May be seen through mucous membrane on either side of frenulum linguae. Plica fimbriata- • A fringed fold of mucous membrane, lateral to the deep lingual vein.
  • 16. Applied Aspects Tongue Tie • Frenulum extends towards the tip of the tongue. Clinical Features- • Inhibited movements of tongue. • May interfere with normal speech. Sublingual route of oral medication- • Some lipid soluble drugs can diffuse through the thin mucous membrane of sublingual region of oral cavity. e.g. Nitroglycerine (Sorbitrate).
  • 17. Muscles of Tongue • Extrinsic muscles. • Intrinsic muscles. Extrinsic Muscles- • Take origin from structures outside the tongue. • Insert in the tongue. • Produce movements of tongue. • Change the shape of tongue. Intrinsic Muscles- • Within the tongue. • Change the shape of tongue.
  • 18. Muscles of Tongue contd… • Each half of tongue contains 4 extrinsic and 4 intrinsic muscles. Extrinsic Muscles- • Genioglossus. • Hyoglossus. • Styloglossus. • Palatoglossus. Intrinsic Muscles- • Superior longitudinal. • Inferior longitudinal. • Transverse. • Vertical.
  • 19. Genioglossus [Safety Muscle of Tongue] • A fan-shaped muscle. • Forms most of the bulk of tongue. Origin- • Superior genial tubercle of mandible. Insertion- • Fibers radiate backwards into the corresponding half of the tongue. Lower fibers – insert into the body of hyoid bone. Intermediate fibers - • Pass beneath the anterior border of hyoglossus. • Extend upto stylohyoid ligament and middle constrictor of pharynx. Upper fibers- • Turn upwards and forwards. • Extend up to the tip of tongue. Actions- • Protrusion of tongue [ both muscles acting together].
  • 20. Hyoglossus [Key Muscle of Suprahyoid Region] • A flat, quadrilateral muscle. Origin- • Upper surface of greater cornu and adjacent part of body of hyoid bone. Insertion- • Side of tongue between styloglossus laterally and inferior longitudinal muscle medially. Actions- • Depression of Tongue (make the dorsal surface convex). • Retraction of Tongue.
  • 21. Superficial Relations of Hyoglossus • Hypoglossal nerve. • Lingual nerve. • Deep part of Submandibular gland. • Submandibular duct. • Submandibular ganglion. • Styloglossus muscle. • Mylohyoid muscle.
  • 22. Deep Relations of Hyoglossus • Inferior longitudinal muscle of tongue. • Genioglossus. • Middle constrictor of pharynx. • Glossopharyngeal nerve. • Stylohyoid ligament. • Lingual artery. Genioglossus Middle constricor of pharynx
  • 23. Styloglossus Origin- • Front of tip of styloid process. • Adjoining part of stylohyoid ligament. Insertion- • Whole length of side of tongue. Actions- • Retraction of tongue (antagonist to genioglossus).
  • 24. Palatoglossus Origin- • Oral surface of palatine aponeurosis. Insertion- • Side of tongue (at the junction of anterior 2/3rd and posterior 1/3rd) Actions- • Pulls up the tongue. • Approximates palatoglossal arches.