2. Relative Clauses
who → (People: He, She, They, We, I, You)
which → (Things and Animal: It, They)
that → (both things and people)
Whose → (for possessions “his, her, their, our, my, its, your’’
Where → (for places: there)
Relative pronouns such as (who, which and that) gives
information about a (noun) of a person or a thing. It replaces a
noun or pronoun and comes after the noun.
* Jack Sparrow doesn’t have a ship. He calls himself a captain.
* Jack Sparrow who calls himself a captain doesn’t have a ship
3. Koala sleeps for 20 hours.
It lives in Australia.
Koala which lives in Australia sleeps for
20 hours.
The man is sitting alone.
He is a famous actor.
The man who is a famous actor is sitting
alone.
4. *I saw a boy.
His school was destroyed.
I saw a boy whose school was destroyed.
*Charlie Chaplin was a comedian.
His silent films still make people laugh.
Charlie Chaplin whose silent film still
make people happy was a comedian.
5. If the relative pronouns
followed by a verb, it becomes
the Subject of the relative
clause… it must not be
omitted
who, which, that + verb
Brazilians love football. They won the World Cup 5 times.
Brazilians who love football won the World Cup 5 times.
(Subject+ verb) →→We can’t delete Who
Brazilians love football won the World Cup 5 times. XXX
I teach the students at KEC. They are bright and well-behaved.
The students who I teach at KEC are bright and well-behaved.
(Object+ pronoun) →→ We can delete Who
The students I teach at KEC are bright and well behaved. √√√
If the relative pronouns followed by
a noun or a pronoun , it becomes
the Object of the relative clause…
it can be omitted
who, which, that + noun
pronoun
6. Relative clause with Extra
Information
Sometimes the relative clause don’t
describe the noun, because we already
know which person or thing the speaker
talking about…it only gives extra
information about the noun. In this type
of relative clause we:
1- use a comma or two
2- That can’t be used
3- who and which can’t be deleted
4- If we omit the whole clause there is
still a complete meaningful sentence.
*This morning I met Jane. I haven’t seen her far ages.
This morning I met Jane, who I haven’t seen for ages.
This morning I met Jane. (a complete sentence)
Rome is the capital of Italy . It is an old city.
Rome, which is the capital of Italy, is an old city.
Rome, that is the capital of Italy, is an old city. xxx
Rome is an old city. (a meaningful sentence)
