Paddy residue management: an overview Rice Straw Management;Impacts, Challenges and Solutions

1. Harminder Singh Sidhu
Sr. Research Engineer
H.Sidhu@cgiar.org
Rice Straw Management : Impacts, Challenges
and Solutions

2. ®30 0 3015
Kilometers
Biomass Intensity (t/ha)
Legend
5.001 - 7.000
7.001 - 9.000
9.001 - 12.000
2.000 - 5.000
Total Surplus Crop Biomass in Punjab State
Rice Straw : 65-70%
Rice Husk : 5-10%
Wheat Straw : 10-15%

3. Possible Residue Management Solutions
 Collection
Residue incorporation (most difficult)
Burning
Complete burning (mostly practiced)
Partial burning
 Residue Mulch

4. Mostly Practiced Rice Residue Management Technique
NGT and PIL in High Court

5. NASA’s satellite picture on November 03, 2016 - rice residue burning in North-West India
:https://worldview.earthdata.nasa.gov/?p=geographic&l=MODIS_Aqua_CorrectedReflectance_TrueColor(hidden),MODIS_Terra_CorrectedReflectance_TrueColor(hidden),VIIRS_SNPP_CorrectedReflectance
_TrueColor,Reference_Features(hidden),Reference_Labels,Coastlines,VIIRS_SNPP_Fires_375m_Night(hidden),VIIRS_SNPP_Fires_375m_Day&t=2016-11-02&z=3&v=35.0973907447395,-
1.955896021329437,125.0973907447395,40.51285397867056&ab=off&as=2016-10-18&ae=2016-10-27&av=3&al=true
Impacts & Challenges

6. Conservation Agriculture & Residue management
Three Principles
• No/Minimum Tillage
• Soil Cover with residue
• Crop Rotation
Three Benefits
 Enhanced Productivity
 Richer Resources
 Climate Adaptation
<<<<<<<<<< Choosing Directions >>>>>>>>>
•Un-sustainability can not be the option
•It need to be biophysically and socio-economically sustainable.
•Sustainability also demands confronting climate change

8. Super SMS

11. Moisture conservation at different layers for
mulched and un-mulched plots
5.0
7.0
9 .0
11.0
13 .0
15.0
17.0
19 .0
7.5 15 3 0 6 0 9 0 12 0
Depth of layers (cm)
Moisturecontent(%) without mulch
With mulch

12. Weed matter growth in mulched and
un-mulched plots
Weed matter after 45 days of sowing
Weed matter after 90 days of sowing
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
Quantity(t/ha)
Plot A2 Plot P6 Plot P1
Plots
With mulch
Without mulch
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
Quantity(t/ha)
Plot A2 Plot P6 Plot P1
Plots
With mulch
Without mulch

13. 39
6
140
11
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
quantitykg/ha
N P K S
Quantity of Nutrient available in Rice Straw in one hectare
Organic

14. Canopy temperature under various tillage option
Wheat
Varieties
Canopy Temperature ( ºC )
Turbo Happy
Seeder
Zero till Conventional Rotoseeder
DBW 17 30.1 30.6 31.8 32.8
PBW 550 29.5 30.7 31.7 33.9
HD 2894 31.5 32.5 32.9 33.2
Average 30.37 31.27 32.13 33.30
No. of
observations
43 10 18 5

15. Rice Residue Management

18. Rs 60000-65000 /ha

19. Germination

20. Moong Yield was 1.6 t/ha

21. A Technology having ‘Multiple Wins’

22. Way Forward
• Turning Agriculture Waste into Wealth
• Forceful implementation or willful adoption
• Farmer and Environment Friendly Innovation, widespread with
proper knowledge dissemination and effective trainings
• Innovative business cases for scaling and Win Win for all
• Avoid Policy Mismatch
• Super SMS should be mandatory, Combine custom operator
should also have two Happy Seeders per combine (1200+1400)
• Breakeven
• Farmer should be rewarded for not burning
• A Sacred service to save environment, water, soil health and
timely seeding with more net returns

23. http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-
nation/smog-in-delhi-arvind-kejriwals-men-bat-for-punjab-
farmers/articleshow/55300431.cms
http://www.financialexpress.com/fe-columnist/pollution-in-delhi-how-
paytm-ceo-can-fight-stubble-burning-to-clear-the-air/440656/
http://www.bloombergquint.com/opinion/2016/11/08/paytm-ceo-
should-promote-no-straw-burn-wheat-cultivation
http://epaper.tribuneindia.com/1027333/Jalandhar-
Edition/JLE_07_December_2016#page/4/2

24. Conservation Agriculture
Agriculture of the Future
Future of the Agriculture
Thanks