About Bio-fuels, a alternative source of fuel.

2.  INTRODUCTION
 IMPORTANCE
 FEEDSTOCK
 CLASSIFICATION
 TYPES
 ADVANTAGE
 DISADVANTAGE
 CONCLUSION

3.  Bio fuels are liquid
fuel that have been
developed from
other materials such
as plants or animal
waste matter.
 It is produced from
biological processes,
such as anaerobic
process.
 They are considered
as alternate source
of energy.

4.  Biofuels production and consumption ensures
that the natural carbon cycle to be achieved
which completely eliminate the continuous
increase in carbondioxdie rates in the
atmosphere which in turns will have the
greatest effect on the environment and a
way to end global warming.
 For ex, A crop of plants used to produce a
barrel of biofuel will absorb exactly the same
amount of carbondioxdie as emitted from the
burning of the barrel produced.

5.  Peak oil
 Finite fossil fuel
 Carbon footprint
 Energy security
 Cleaner from more sustainable fuel source
 Less emissions

10.  Bioethanol is an alcohol made by fermentation,
mostly from carbohydrates present in sugar or
starch crops such as corn or sugarcane.
 Cellulosic biomass derived from non food sources
such as trees and grasses, is also being
developed as feedstock for ethanol production.
 Used to substitute petrol fuel for road transport.
 One of the widely used alternative automotive
fuel in world(Brazil & U.S.A are largest
producers)
 Much more environment friendly and low toxicity
level.

13. Advantage Disadvantage
 Ethanol is renewable
sources.
 Ethanol burns more
clean in air than
petroleum.
 The use of ethanol
reduce carbondioxdie
emission.
 Reduces greenhouse
gases.
 Decrease in ozone
formation.
 Large amount of
deforestation
 Typical current
engines would require
modification.
 Expensive.
 Cold start difficulties.

14.  Transport fuel to replace gasoline.
 Fuel for power generation by thermal
combustion.
 Fuels in cogeneration system.
 Blending ethanol with small amount of
gasoline is most cost effective.

15.  Biodiesel is an alternative diesel fuel, is
made from biological renewable sources such
as vegetable oils and fats.
 Similar to petroleum diesel fuel structure
(straight chain ) and number of carbon atoms
(10 to 21).
 The biodiesel can be prepared from
transesterification.

18. Advantage Disadvantage
 Can be used for pure
diesel B100.
 Has shorter ignition
delay.
 It has no sulfur
content, hence there
is no formation of
acid rain.
 It has good lubricating
properties than other
diesel oil.
 It is more expensive
than other diesel.
 It release nitrogen
oxide that can form
smog.
 It has significant
problem with
biodiesel.
 Food shortage can be
occurred.

19.  Railway usage
 Aircraft usage
 As a heating oil
 Cleaning oil slips
 Biodiesel in generators
 vehicles

20.  A mixture of CH4 ,CO2 and other gases.
 It is used as domestic purpose.
 Obtained from cow manure, agriculture
waste.
 Biogas is produced by the breakdown of
organic waster by bacteria without oxygen
anaerobic digestion.

21.  Mesophilic process : at temp 25-38 deg c for
14 to 30 days.
 Thermophilic process : at temp 50-60 deg c
for 12- 14 days.

23. There are four process occurs in biogas plant
 Hydrolysis: complex organic matter is
decomposed into simple soluble organic
molecules using water.
 Fermentation: formation of intermediary
products such as short chain fatty
acids,(hydrogen producing and acteogenic
organisms).
 Acetogenesis : acetate production (hydrogen-
producing, hydrogen-consuming organisms.
 Methanogenesis : methane production
(methane forming bacteria).

24.  Reduce air and water pollution.
 More environmentally friendly fertilizers.
 Reduced green house gas emissions.
 Concerns about waste management in
agriculture and food industries.
 Energy seurity.

25.  Cooking
 Lighting
 Fuel for engine

26.  Renewable
 Reduce green hose gas
 Energy security
 Easy to source lower level of plooution

27.  High cost of production
 Industrial pollution
 Future rise in price
 Shortage of food
 Use of fertilizer

28.  Reduces wastes.
 Cleaner air.
 New agriculture markets.
 Improve balance of payments.
 Global warming reduction
 Benefit developing nations.