monoclonal antibodies their structure , types , difference,

2. Asif Nawaz
MPhil (Microbiology)
AUST

3. CONTENTS
• Introduction
 What are antibodies
 Immunoglobulin structure
• History Production
• Types
• Nomenclature
• Application and Side Effects
• Difference
• Conclusion

4. HISTORY
• Paul Ehrlich at the beginning of the 20th century
theorized that a cell under threat grew additional
side-chains to bind the toxin, and that these
additional side chains broke off to become the
antibodies that are circulated through the body.
• It was these antibodies that Ehrlich first described
as "magic bullets" in search of toxins
.

5. ANTIBODIES
• An antibody is a protein used by the immune system to identify and
neutralize foreign objects like bacteria and viruses.
• Each antibody recognizes a specific antigen unique to its target.
• Monoclonal antibodies (mAb) are antibodies that are identical because they
are produced by one type of immune cell, all clones of a single parent cell.
• Polyclonal antibodies are antibodies that are derived from different cell lines.
They differ in amino acid sequence.

6. STRUCTURE

7. Characters of Monoclonal
•Antibodies
• Monoclonal antibodies (mAb) are a
single type of antibody that are
identical and are directed against a
specific epitope (antigen, antigenic
determinant) and are produced by B-
cell clones of a single parent or a
single hybridoma cell line.
• A hybridoma cell line is formed by the
fusion of a one B-cell lymphocyte
with a myeloma cell.

8. PRODUCTION TECHNIQUE

9. TYPES OF MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY

11. APPLICATIONS
Diagnostic Applications:
Detects protein of interest either by
• Blotting
• Immunofluorescence
• Rapid diagnostic techniques
Therapeutic Applications:
• Transplant rejection
• Cancer
• Autoimmune disorders
• Inflammatory disease

12. SIDE EFFECTS
More common side effects:
• Allergic reactions, such as hives or itching
• Flu-like symptoms, including chills, fatigue, fever, and muscle aches and
pains
• Nausea
• Diarrhea
• Skin rashes

13. Conclusion
• Monoclonal antibodies are Antigen specific, can be produced against any
type of antigen, hence vast diagnostic applications.
• Target specificity, a novel therapeutic approach particularly in cancer

14. DIFFERENCE
Recombinant Antibodies
• Recombinant antibodies (rAbs) are monoclonal antibodies which are
generated in vitro using synthetic genes.
Monoclonal Antibodies
• Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) which are produced using traditional
hybridoma-based technologies.

15. References
• Katzung's - Basic and Clinical Pharmacology 12th edition
• MD consult
• Dr. JEEVAN JACOB Junior Resident in Pharmacology
• G-biosciences.com