this is my second presentation about obesity and diabetes

1. Obesity
and
diabetes
Done by :Asrar Zakari 2015

2. Being overweight increases the
chances of developing the
common type of diabetes, type
2 diabetes. In this disease, the
body makes enough insulin but
the cells in the body have
become resistant to
the salutary action of insulin.
Why does this happen?

3. Obesity
Obesity is a complex
disorder involving an
excessive amount of body
fat. Obesity isn't just a
cosmetic concern. It
increases your risk of
diseases and health
problems, such as heart
disease, diabetes and high
blood pressure.

4. Causes
Unhealthy diet and eating
habits. Weight gain is
inevitable if you regularly eat
more calories than you burn.
And most Americans' diets
are too high in calories and
are full of fast food and high-
calorie beverages
Inactivity. If you're not
very active, you don't
burn as many calories.
With a sedentary
lifestyle, you can easily
take in more calories
every day than you use
through exercise and
normal daily activities.

5. Symptoms
BMI Weight status
Below 18.5 Underweight
18.5-24.9 Normal
25.0-29.9 Overweight
30.0-34.9 Obese (Class I)
35.0-39.9 Obese (Class II)
40.0 and higher Extreme obesity (Class III)

6. Diabetes:
Diabetes is a group of
disorders characterized by
chronic high blood glucose
levels (hyperglycemia) due
to the body's failure to
produce any or enough
insulin to regulate high
glucose levels.
There are two main types of
diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes, which often
occurs in children or adolescents,
is caused by the body's inability to
make insulin.
type 2 diabetes, which occurs as a
result of the body's inability to
react properly to insulin (insulin
resistance).

7. The symptoms of diabetes type 2 can be so
mild that cannot be noticed. In fact, about 8
million people who have it don't know it.
- Being very thirsty
- Peeing a lot
- Blurry vision
- Being irritable
- Tingling or numbness in your hands or feet
- Feeling worn out
- Wounds that don't heal
- Yeast infection that keep coming back

9. People who are
overweight or have
obesity have added
pressure on their body's
ability to use insulin to
properly control blood
sugar levels, and are
therefore more likely to
develop diabetes.
How does weight relate to
diabetes?
There are many risk
factors for type 2
diabetes such as age,
race, pregnancy,
stress, certain
medications, genetics
or family history, high
cholesterol and
obesity.
However, the best
predictor of type 2
diabetes is overweight
or obesity. Almost 90%
of people living with
type 2 diabetes are
overweight or have
obesity.

10. Medical
nutrition
therapy

11. Goals of MNT that apply to
individuals with diabetes
1) Achieve and maintain
● Blood glucose levels in the normal range or as close to
normal as is safely possible
● A lipid and lipoprotein profile that reduces the risk for
vascular disease
● Blood pressure levels in the normal range
2) To prevent, or at least slow, the rate of development of the
chronic complications of diabetes by modifying nutrient intake
and lifestyle
3) To address individual nutrition needs, taking into account
personal and cultural preferences and willingness to change
4) To maintain the pleasure of eating by only limiting food
choices when indicated by scientific evidence

12. ENERGY BALANCE, OVERWEIGHT, AND
OBESITY Recommendations
● In overweight and obese insulin resistant
individuals, modest weight loss has been shown
to improve insulin resistance. Thus, weight loss is
recommended for all such individuals who have
or are at risk for diabetes.
● For weight loss, either low-carbohydrate or
low-fat calorie-restricted diets may be effective in
the short term (up to 1 year).
● For patients on low-carbohydrate diets, monitor
lipid profiles, renal function, and protein intake (in
those with nephropathy), and adjust
hypoglycemic therapy as needed.

13. ENERGY BALANCE, OVERWEIGHT, AND
OBESITY Recommendations CON
Physical activity and
behavior modification are
important components of
weight loss programs and
are most helpful in
maintenance of weight
loss.
Weight loss medications may
be considered in the
treatment of overweight and
obese individuals with type 2
diabetes and can help achieve
a 5–10% weight loss when
combined with lifestyle
modification.

14. Dietary fat and cholesterol in
diabetes management
Recommendations
● Limit saturated fat to 7% of total
calories.
● Intake of trans fat should be
minimized.
● In individuals with diabetes, limit
dietary cholesterol to 200 mg/day.
● Two or more servings of fish per
week (with the exception of
commercially fried fish filets) provide
n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and are
recommended.

15. Protein in diabetes management
Recommendations
For individuals with diabetes
and normal renal function,
there is insufficient evidence
to suggest that usual protein
intake (15–20% of energy)
should be modified.
In individuals with type 2
diabetes, ingested protein can
increase insulin response
without increasing plasma
glucose concentrations.
Therefore, protein should not
be used to treat acute or
prevent nighttime
hypoglycemia.
High-protein diets are
not recommended as a
method for weight loss
at this time.

16. prevent Obesity, Prevent Diabetes
To reduce the chances of
developing diabetes, maintain a
healthy weight and increase the
physical activity , they can also try
a diabetes vitamin, specially
formulated for people with
diabetes.
To aid in weight loss, a high fiber
low carbohydrate diet and 20 to
30 minutes of moderate activity
per day are recommended.