Edith Cowan University
Training load monitoring:
the past, the present and the future
Wouter Timmerman, MSc
PhD Candidate
School of Medical and Health Science

Edith Cowan University
Monitoring tools
een historisch overzicht
Monitoring tools sports

1816 - Chronometer
….
1970 - Borg RPE scale
1975 - Banister TRIMP training load and Fitness-Fatigue
1982 - Draadloze hartslagmonitor
1988 - Crank based power meter (Fietsen)
1995 - HRV monitoring in hartslagmonitors
1995 - Draagbare lactaatmeters
1999 - TrainingPeaks Software
2003 – GPS technologie in sporthorloges
2005 - GPS and accelerometer technologie in team sport
2006 - Catapult Software
2007 - Wearable activity tracker
2016 - Subjective monitoring (Saw et al.)
Monitoring tools

Monitoring tools
1816 - Chronometer
….
1970 - Borg RPE scale
1975 - Banister TRIMP training load and Fitness-Fatigue
1982 - Draadloze hartslagmonitor
1988 - Crank based power meter (Fietsen)
1995 - HRV monitoring in hartslagmonitors
1995 - Draagbare lactaatmeters
1999 - TrainingPeaks Software
2003 – GPS technologie in sporthorloges
2005 - GPS and accelerometer technologie in team sport
2006 - Catapult Software
2007 - Wearable activity tracker
2016 - Subjective monitoring (Saw et al.)

Monitoring tools
1816 - Chronometer
….
1970 - Borg RPE scale
1975 - Banister TRIMP training load and Fitness-Fatigue
1982 - Draadloze hartslagmonitor
1988 - Crank based power meter (Fietsen)
1995 - HRV monitoring in hartslagmonitors
1995 - Draagbare lactaatmeters
1999 - TrainingPeaks Software
2003 – GPS technologie in sporthorloges
2005 - GPS and accelerometer technologie in team sport
2006 - Catapult Software
2007 - Wearable activity tracker
2016 - Subjective monitoring (Saw et al.)

Monitoring tools
1816 - Chronometer
….
1970 - Borg RPE scale
1975 - Banister TRIMP training load and
Fitness-Fatigue
1982 - Draadloze hartslagmonitor
1988 - Crank based power meter (Fietsen)
1995 - HRV monitoring in hartslagmonitors
1995 - Draagbare lactaatmeters
1999 - TrainingPeaks Software
2003 – GPS technologie in sporthorloges
2005 - GPS and accelerometer technologie in team sport
2006 - Catapult Software
2007 - Wearable activity tracker
2016 - Subjective monitoring (Saw et al.)

Monitoring tools
1816 - Chronometer
….
1970 - Borg RPE scale
1975 - Banister TRIMP training load and Fitness-Fatigue
1982 - Draadloze hartslagmonitor
1988 - Crank based power meter (Fietsen)
1995 - HRV monitoring in hartslagmonitors
1995 - Draagbare lactaatmeters
1999 - TrainingPeaks Software
2003 – GPS technologie in sporthorloges
2005 - GPS and accelerometer technologie in team sport
2006 - Catapult Software
2007 - Wearable activity tracker
2016 - Subjective monitoring (Saw et al.)

Monitoring tools
1816 - Chronometer
….
1970 - Borg RPE scale
1975 - Banister TRIMP training load and Fitness-Fatigue
1982 - Draadloze hartslagmonitor
1988 - Crank based power meter
(Fietsen)
1995 - HRV monitoring in hartslagmonitors
1995 - Draagbare lactaatmeters
1999 - TrainingPeaks Software
2003 – GPS technologie in sporthorloges
2005 - GPS and accelerometer technologie in team sport
2006 - Catapult Software
2007 - Wearable activity tracker
2016 - Subjective monitoring (Saw et al.)

Monitoring tools
1816 - Chronometer
….
1970 - Borg RPE scale
1975 - Banister TRIMP training load and Fitness-Fatigue
1982 - Draadloze hartslagmonitor
1988 - Crank based power meter (Fietsen)
1995 - HRV monitoring in
hartslagmonitors
1995 - Draagbare lactaatmeters
1999 - TrainingPeaks Software
2003 – GPS technologie in sporthorloges
2005 - GPS and accelerometer technologie in team sport
2006 - Catapult Software
2007 - Wearable activity tracker
2016 - Subjective monitoring (Saw et al.)

1816 - Chronometer
….
1970 - Borg RPE scale
1975 - Banister TRIMP training load and Fitness-Fatigue
1982 - Draadloze hartslagmonitor
1988 - Crank based power meter (Fietsen)
1995 - HRV monitoring in hartslagmonitors
1995 - Draagbare lactaatmeters
1999 - TrainingPeaks Software
2003 – GPS technologie in sporthorloges
2005 - GPS and accelerometer technologie in team sport
2006 - Catapult Software
2007 - Wearable activity tracker
2016 - Subjective monitoring (Saw et al.)
Monitoring tools

Monitoring tools
1816 - Chronometer
….
1970 - Borg RPE scale
1975 - Banister TRIMP training load and Fitness-Fatigue
1982 - Draadloze hartslagmonitor
1988 - Crank based power meter (Fietsen)
1995 - HRV monitoring in hartslagmonitors
1995 - Draagbare lactaatmeters
1999 - TrainingPeaks Software
2003 – GPS technologie in sporthorloges
2005 - GPS and accelerometer technologie in team sport
2006 - Catapult Software
2007 - Wearable activity tracker
2016 - Subjective monitoring (Saw et al.)

Monitoring tools
1816 - Chronometer
….
1970 - Borg RPE scale
1975 - Banister TRIMP training load and Fitness-Fatigue
1982 - Draadloze hartslagmonitor
1988 - Crank based power meter (Fietsen)
1995 - HRV monitoring in hartslagmonitors
1995 - Draagbare lactaatmeters
1999 - TrainingPeaks Software
2003 – GPS technologie in
sporthorloges
2005 - GPS and accelerometer
technologie in team sport
2006 - Catapult Software
2007 - Wearable activity tracker
2016 - Subjective monitoring (Saw et al.)

Monitoring tools
1816 - Chronometer
….
1970 - Borg RPE scale
1975 - Banister TRIMP training load and Fitness-Fatigue
1982 - Draadloze hartslagmonitor
1988 - Crank based power meter (Fietsen)
1995 - HRV monitoring in hartslagmonitors
1995 - Draagbare lactaatmeters
1999 - TrainingPeaks Software
2003 – GPS technologie in sporthorloges
2005 - GPS and accelerometer technologie in team sport
2006 - Catapult Software
2007 - Wearable activity tracker
2016 - Subjective monitoring (Saw et al.)

Monitoring tools
1816 - Chronometer
….
1970 - Borg RPE scale
1975 - Banister TRIMP training load and Fitness-Fatigue
1982 - Draadloze hartslagmonitor
1988 - Crank based power meter (Fietsen)
1995 - HRV monitoring in hartslagmonitors
1995 - Draagbare lactaatmeters
1999 - TrainingPeaks Software
2003 – GPS technologie in sporthorloges
2005 - GPS and accelerometer technologie in team sport
2006 - Catapult Software
2006 - Wearable activity trackers
2016 - Subjective monitoring (Saw et al.)

Monitoring tools
1816 - Chronometer
….
1970 - Borg RPE scale
1975 - Banister TRIMP training load and Fitness-Fatigue
1982 - Draadloze hartslagmonitor
1988 - Crank based power meter (Fietsen)
1995 - HRV monitoring in hartslagmonitors
1995 - Draagbare lactaatmeters
1999 - TrainingPeaks Software
2003 – GPS technologie in sporthorloges
2005 - GPS and accelerometer technologie in team sport
2006 - Catapult Software
2006 - Wearable activity trackers
2016 - Subjective monitoring (Saw et al.)

Edith Cowan University
The future of monitoring

Monitoring tools

Gartner Hype Cycle

It's not all about creating new methods,
but increasing our knowledge how to
use the existing ones right

Edith Cowan University
Training load modelling

Training load: Fitness-Fatigue model
Coutts et al., 2018
Performance = fitness - fatigue
Banister et al., 1975

Training load: Fitness-Fatigue model
Performance = fitness - fatigue
Banister et al., 1975

Training load
Buchheit & Laursen, 2013
Training loadsession = Volume x Intensiteit
??

Training load
Banister et al., 1975

Training load - Classificatie intensiteiten
Mechanical
• Snelheid, acceleratie, kracht
• Vermogen (Power)
External perceptual
• Observatie coach
• Arbitraire scores
Physiological
• Hartslag
• Lactaat
• Gasanalyse
Perceptual
• Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE)
extern
intern
objectief subjectief
Halson, 2014
Verschillende informatie

Training load – van intensiteit naar load
Intensiteit Training Load
Hartslag Training Impuls (TRIMP)
RPE Session RPE (sRPE)
Vermogen Training Stress Score (TSS)
x volume

Training load
Sanders et al., 2018
Verschillende informatie

Training load - interval training
Training loadsession = Volume x Intensiteit
Buchheit & Laursen, 2013

Training load - interval training
MacInnis & Gibala, 2017
Training load als getal => Verlies van informatie
?
=
?
=

Training load - acuut
Calvert et al., 1976

Training load - chronisch
Banister et al., 1975
Calvert et al., 1976

Training load - acuut
Banister et al., 1975
Calvert et al., 1976
Tijdsconstante voor verval fitness en fatigue?

Edith Cowan University
Training load in het
training proces

Training proces

Training proces
Impellizzeri et al., 2005

Training proces
Coutts et al., 2018; Impellizzeri et al., 2005; Selye, 1946

Training proces
Banister et al., 1975; Coutts, 2018; Kiely, 2018;
Impellizzeri et al., 2005, 2019; Selye, 1946

Training proces
Banister et al., 1975; Coutts, 2018; Kiely, 2018; Impellizzeri
et al., 2005, 2019; Sanders, 2018; Selye, 1946

Training proces
Training load

Edith Cowan University
Context is king

Training load monitoring
(Athlete) Load monitoring
Athlete monitoring
is het observeren en evalueren van relevante variabelen
die het training process beinvloeden
Context
Soligard et al., 2016

Context
Banister et al., 1975
Training load monitoring
Athlete monitoring

Context
West et al., 2020

Context
NOT EVERYTHING THAT
CAN BE COUNTED
COUNTS,
AND NOT EVERYTHING
THAT COUNTS
CAN BE COUNTED
Cameron, 1963

Context

Edith Cowan University
Interpretatie training load

Voorbeeld TrainingPeaks

1. Wat is de training load metric?
 Training Stress Score (TSS): extern en objectief
2. Wat is de formule voor load?
 TSS = NP2/FTP2 x time
3. Hoe wordt de intensiteit weergegeven?
 Rolling weighted average
4. Hoe is de intensiteit gewogen?
 Individuele fysiologische respons (FTP)
Voorbeeld TrainingPeaks

1. Hoe lang tellen de training mee?
 Chronic Training Load: 42 days (fitness)
 Acute Training Load: 7 days (fatigue)
2. Hoe wordt de training load gewogen over tijd?
 Exponentially weighted average (EWA)
3. Hoe tellen de verschillende sporten mee?
 Som van de individuele sporten
Voorbeeld TrainingPeaks

Rekening houden tijdens de interpretatie met:
• Structuur binnen een training
= TL, different training response
• Trainingspolarisatie
• Taper is verkeerd
• Combineren verschillende sporten
• Meerdere trainingen op een dag
• Lange fietstrainingen geven hoge training loads
• Geen invloed van context factoren op training load
Voorbeeld TrainingPeaks

Voorbeeld TrainingPeaks
Fietsen Lopen

Key points:
• Nieuwer is niet altijd beter
• Weet wat je meet en ook wat je niet meet
• Er is meer in het leven dan training load
• Monitoring data interpreteert zichzelf niet

Zijn er vragen?
w.timmerman@ecu.edu.au
@timmermanwouter