Drone Traffic Management over Mobile Networks - Attila Takacs, VTC 2017 Fall, Panel Keynote
VTC 2017 Fall, industry track panel keynote presentation by Attila Takacs on Drone Traffic Management over Mobile Networks. Technology Challenges in Enabling Safe Drones in Urban Environments Panel Summary—Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) are a profoundly disruptive technology poised to impact positively and substantially several industries. UAVs will reshape economic, social, security, environmental and political landscapes over the decades to come with PwC predicting that the addressable market value of drone powered solutions is over $127 billion. Current Air traffic control (ATC) systems cannot scale sufficiently to include UAV and provide command, control and communications (C3) infrastructure. NASA, with assistance from a confederation of industrial affiliates and partners, is developing an Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) Traffic Management (UTM) system to facilitate a framework for low altitude UAV operations and this is also being addressed at global level by GUTMA (Global UTM Association). It is envisioned that terrestrial cellular infrastructure will also provide coverage and C3 services to UAVs to enable beyond visual line-of-sight (BVLOS) operations. There are several challenges from a communications perspective in integrating UAVs to the terrestrial cellular network and to ensure their coexistence with terrestrial, commercial cellular users. Low altitude UAV operational complexities and traffic management, detect-and-avoid (DAA) challenges in urban and suburban environments, enabling end-to-end security, remote identification and tracking, acute differences in propagation conditions and interference patterns between terrestrial base stations and UAVs compared with terrestrial mobiles, higher mobility and velocity, stringent obligations in reliability and safety, ultra-low latency link for C3 are some of the elemental themes that require convincing answers. We discuss core principles in communications, UTM, end-to-end security and DAA to facilitate safe integration of UAVs into National Air Space.
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Drone Traffic Management over Mobile Networks - Attila Takacs, VTC 2017 Fall, Panel Keynote
- 1. Drone Traffic Management Over Mobile Networks IEEE VTC 2017 Fall, Toronto Attila Takacs, Ericsson
- 2. SCOPE High Altitude Platform Systems (HAPS) Commercial Jet Aircraft (for reference) Medium Altitude Long-Endurance UAV Low Altitude Small UAVs Low Earth and GEO Satellites ~60,000 ft. ~30,000 ft. ~10,000 ft. 200-400 ft. Ground Level Not To Scale ~600,000 ft. & above Special Airspace Requirements starting at 1000ft. + over mobile networks
- 3. Adding Mobile Connectivity Airspace information Alarms and notifications Telemetry reports and logs 2 Connected GCS Enhancing safety of operations and enabling BVLOS operation Command and Control (C2) Telemetry 1 Direct Radio No mobile network connection Telemetry and tracking Identification/authentication/authorization Enforce compliance BVLOS operation 3 Connected GCS and UAV Airspace information Alarms and notifications Telemetry reports and logs
- 4. UTM services over Mobile › Mobile networks are uniquely positioned to support many of the requirements › Based on a proven, global standard technology › Cost efficiently enabling UAS operations by utilizing existing infrastructure Location service – Mobile Positioning System (MPS) LTE and 5G radio connectivity
- 5. › Is coverage sufficient? – Drones may be served by the sidelobes of BS antennas due to down-tilted BS antennas › How to deal with interference? – With close-to-free-space propagation in the sky, drones may generate more uplink interference to the network while experiencing more downlink interference › How to optimize mobility support? – Drone cell association patterns are quite different from ground mobile devices CHALLENGES in the sky 0m 50m 100m 300m Cell association pattern at different heights *We have made our initial findings public: The Sky Is Not the Limit: LTE for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles
- 6. › In 3GPP RAN#75 (March 2017), Ericsson submitted a joint study item proposal with NTT Docomo to enhance LTE support for drones – RP-170779: supported by 35 companies including major network vendors, major UE vendors, and operators worldwide › Objectives of the 3GPP study item* – Assess the performance of LTE networks for connected drones – Identify performance enhancing solutions – Drone identification The 3GPP effort “Rogue” drone detection How to detect a drone carrying a cellular module that is only certified for terrestrial operation? *3GPP TR 36.777, Enhanced LTE support for aerial vehicles.
- 7. Flight Information Management System (FIMS) - FAA UAS Service Supplier UAS Service Supplier UAS Service Supplier (USS) National Airspace System - ATM NAS Data Sources Supplemental Data Service ProviderSupplemental Data Service ProviderSupplemental Data Service Provider Public Safety Public UAS Operator UTM FAA Development & Deployment Industry Development & Deployment UAS UAS Operator UAS … OTDOA (Observed Time Difference Of Arrival) Connecting UTM with MPS 3GPP MPS LCS Client E-UTRANUTRANGERAN Le Lh/SLh MME 2G- SGSN 2G- MSC 3G- SGSN MSC Server AGb Lg Lg Lgd Lg Lgd Lg S1lu lu SLg GMLC HSS
- 8. MPS Use-Case Examples Locating and tracking compliant drones – Compliant drones are streaming telemetry data to UTM – In lieu of low altitude radar, no way to cross-check if the coordinates are valid – Utilize Mobile Positioning System to validate telemetry data: if telemetry data provided by the drone is within the MPS estimate, all clear – If MPS and telemetry deviates warnings/alarms can be triggered “Rogue” drone locate and tracking – “Rogue” drone: airborne UE without appropriate subscription – System detects airborne usage (e.g., radio characteristics, mobility pattern), then MPS system is triggered to locate UE – Dynamic no fly zone is setup around “rogue” drone to avoid collisions, allowing compliant drones to adjust flight missions accordingly
- 9. › New and exciting applications for drones are emerging – A potential business area for mobile operators › Mobile networks will play an indispensable role – Wide-area and secure wireless connectivity can enhance control and safety of drone operations › Existing LTE networks can support initial drone deployments – LTE evolution and 5G will provide more efficient connectivity for wide-scale drone deployments Key Take Away