2. Overview
• What is biometrics ?
• How biometrics system works ?
• Type of biometrics
• Identification & Verification
• Advantages & Disadvantages
• Comparison
• Face Recognization
• Retina Scan
• Fingerprint Recognization
• Iris Recognization
• Signature Recognization
• Application of biometrics
• Some Biometrics Still In Development
• Conclusion
• References
Biometrics
3. What is Biometrics ?
• The meaning of Biometrics comes from the Greeks.
Biometry = bio(life) + metry(to measure).
• Biometrics is the science and technology of measuring and analyzing
biological data.
• Biometrics refers to technologies that measure and analyze human body
characteristics such as DNA, fingerprints, eye retinas and irises, voice
patterns,facial patterns and hand measurments for authentication purposes.
• Biometrics are automated methods of recognizing a person based on a
physiological or behavioral characteristic.
Biometrics
5. Types of Biometrics
Physiological
Face
Fingerprint
Hand geometry
Retina
Iris recognition
Behavioral
Signature
Voice
Biometrics
6. A biometric system can operate in two modes
Identification:
• A one to many comparison of the captured biometric against a
biometric database in attempt to identify an unknown individual.
Verification:
• A one to one comparison of a captured biometric with a stored template
to verify that the individual is who he claims to be.
• Verification is faster and performs better.
• In a verification, the user must first enter his or her identity to the
biometric system. User ID's can be forgotten and cards can be lost,
making access impossible.
Biometrics
7. Advantages of Biometrics
• Biometrics are generally used for authentication.
• It provides higher security .e.g. Iris recognition .
• Voice Recognition works well over the telephone
• User friendly
e.g. Hand geometry recognization,
finger print recognition.
Biometrics
8. Disadvantages of Biometrics
• Retina recognization requires close physical contact of the
scanning device, may not be generally accepted by public
• Costly
• Voice recognization requires large amount of computer
storage, people's voices can change, background noises can
interfere.
• Biometrics features may change over time.
• Signature recognization has poor long-term reliability,
accuracy difficult to ensure.
Biometrics
9. Comparision of Biometrics Type
Biometric Type Accuracy Easy to use User Acceptance
Fingerprint High Medium Low
Hand Geometry Medium High Medium
Voice Medium High High
Retina High Low Low
Iris Medium Medium Medium
Signature Medium Medium High
Face Low High High
Biometrics
10. Face Recognization
• A facial recognization system is a computer application for automatically
identifying or verifying a person from a digital image or a video frame from a video
source. One of the ways to do this is by comparing selected facial features from the
image and a facial database.
• It is typically used in security systems and can be compared to other biometrics
such as fingerprint or eye iris recognition systems.
• Uses an image or series of images either from a camera or photograph to recognize
a person.
• Principle: analysis of the unique shape, pattern and positioning of facial features.
• Passive biometrics and does not require a persons cooperation.
• Highly complex technology and largely software based.
12. Retina scan
• It analyzing the layer of blood vessels situated at the back of the eye.
• The machine takes around ten seconds to shine a “low intensity coherent
light source” onto the retina to illuminate the blood vessels.
• Once the machine has a copy of the scan, it compares the picture to all the
different scans on file, looks for a match, and identifies the individual.
• retina scan machines are fairly expensive.
Biometrics
14. Fingerprint Recognization (cont…)
• A fingerprint in its narrow sense is an impression left by the friction ridges of a
human finger.
• Biometrics reffers to that measure and analyze human body characteristics such as
fingerprints recognization.
• Fingerprint recognization is possible using the fingerprint scanner.
• A fingerprint scanner has two basic jobs.
• It needs to get an image of your finger.
• It needs to determine whether the pattern of ridges and vellys in this image matches
pattern of ridges and valleys in pre-scanned images.
Biometrics
16. Fingerprint Recognization (cont…)
• There are a number of different ways to get an image of somebody’s finger.
• The most common method todays are optical scanning and capacitance
scanning.
• The heart of an optical scanner is a charge coupled device (CCD).
• The CCD scanning process strats when you place your finger on a glass
plate and a CCD camera takes a picture.
• one of the largest fingerprint recognization system is integrated automated
fingerprint identification system, maintained by FBI in the US since 1999.
Biometrics
17. Advatages of fingerprint Recognization
• Oldest form of Biometrics
• Highly Reliable
• Uses distinctive features of fingers
• High Security access
• Reduce cost
• Instance Report
Biometrics
18. Disadvatages of fingerprint Recognization
• It is not a right tool for the ones who is work in the Chemical
Industries.
• If a person loses his/her fingerprint identity then that person
will never be able to use or replace their fingerprint as their
identity.
Biometrics
19. Iris Recognization
• Iris recognition is an automated method of biometric identification that
uses mathematical pattern-recognition techniques on video images of the
irises of an individual's eyes, whose complex random patterns are unique
and can be seen from some distance.
• retina scanning, iris recognition uses camera technology with subtle
infrared illumination to acquire images of the detail-rich, intricate
structures of the iris.
Biometrics
20. Signature Recognization
• Signature recognition is a behavioural biometric.
• It can be operated in two different ways:
• Static: In this mode, users write their signature on paper, digitize it through
an optical scanner or a camera, and the biometric system recognizes the
signature analyzing its shape. This group is also known as “off-line”.
• Dynamic: In this mode, users write their signature in a digitizing tablet,
which acquires the signature in real time. Another possibility is the
acquisition by means of stylus-operated PDAs. Dynamic recognition is
also known as “on-line”.
22. Some Biometrics Still In Development
• Scent
• Ear Shape
• Finger nail bed
• Facial 3D
Biometrics
23. Conclusion
• Technology is growing rapidly, but at the same time security
breaches and transactions frauds are also in the increase world
over.
• All agencies including libraries who are in need of security
and safety have to adopt biometrics
• Let us hope for safe and secure future.
Biometrics
