1.
Muhammad jabran Ayaz
Doctor of Optometry(OD)
Presentation Topic:
METHODS TO VIEW BACK OFEYE
(FUNDUS EXAMINATION)

2.
METHODS OF EXAMINATION
DIRECT OPHTHALMOSCOPY
INDIRECT OPHTHALMOSCOPY
INDIRECT SLIT LAMP BIOMICROSCOPY

3.
DIRECT OPHTHALMOSCOPY

4.
Viewing ocular
media
◦ Observe red reflex
◦ Look for media
opacities
◦ Cataracts
◦ Corneal scars
◦ Large floaters
Right eye to right
eye Left eye to left
eye
v

5.
Advantages:
◦ Portable
◦ Easy to use
◦ Upright image
◦ Magnification  15x
◦ Can use w/o dilation
Disadvantages
◦ Small field of view
◦ Lack of stereopsis
◦ Media opacities can degrade
image

6.
Indirectophthalmoscopy

7.
condens
er
Inverted
Fundus
Image

8.
•An invertedreverse real image
•Magnification= 2 to 4 X
•Field of view= 40 to 50 degrees
•Optimal working distance = 40 to 50
cms
•Good illumination& stereopsis
•Ease of use with scleral indentor
•Lenses from14 to 30 D range

9.
Headset correctly
positioned
Optimizing
viewing distance

10.
Advantages:
◦ Wide field of view
◦ Binocular instruments provide
stereopsis
Disadvantages:
◦ Requires more skill
◦ Decreased magnification (3x)
◦ Requires dilation
◦ Inverted image

11.
Indirect slit lampbiomicroscopy

12.
•Field of View & Mag:
• FOV <indirect but >direct
• varies w/lens & slit lamp
mag
•Inverted image
•Stereopsis
•Dilated pupil
•Requires skill

13.
Slit-Lamp
BIO
An inverse real reversed image with hand
held lenses
Field of view = 30to 40degrees
Lens power = +78 or +90D , other
lenses= +60to 132 D
Magnifying knob to 10X or 16X

14.
Why do we dilate pupils?

15.
PUPILLARY DILATION
Combination of phenylephrine[2.5 %] &
tropicamide [1 %]
then eyes closed
Dilation attained = 15-30 min
Normal reactivity = 4 - 8 hrs

16.
Some other methods to examine
retina:
1. Fundus fluorescein angiography
(FFA)
2.Optical coherence
topography(OCT)
3. Retinal imaging

17.
Interesting fact:
Fundus of eye is the only
part of human body where
microcirculation can be
observed directly.

18.
Any questions?

19.
THANK YOU