NISO Two-Part Webinar: The Infrastructure of Open Access, Part 1: Knowing What is Open

http://www.niso.org/news/events/2014/webinars/what_is_open/

NISO Webinar:
The Infrastructure of Open Access, Part 1:
Knowing What is Open
March 5, 2014
Speakers:
Susan Dunavan, Senior Product Manager, SIPX
Franny Lee, Co-Founder & VP Business Development, SIPX
Darlene Yaplee, Chief Marketing Officer, PLOS
Greg Tananbaum, Consultant;
NISO Open Access Metadata and Indicators Working Group Co-Chair

The Infrastructure of Open Access: Knowing
What is Open
The Lifecycle of Open Access Content
March 05, 2014

Susan Dunavan

Franny Lee

•Senior Product Manager

Co-Founder, Vice President
Business Development

sdunavan@sipx.com

franny@sipx.com

© 2014 SIPX, Inc.
Confidential

2

Open Access Content: Part of Larger Ecosystem
Copyright
Agents

Open Sources (Open Access,
HathiTrust, Creative Commons)

Schools

Publishers
and
Creators

Innovative, comprehensive web service to
manage and share course materials
•
•

Automated and leverages technology to solve
copyright frustrations

•

MOOC
Providers

Transparent and accurate

Easy; blends into existing campus systems

•

Beneficial – lower cost and increase quality of
education

Educators

© 2014 SIPX, Inc.
Confidential

Students

3

Librarians and
subscribed
resources

Open Access – What Is It?
• Open educational
resources are an
increasingly important
initiative for schools
– Cost of education
– Institutional Open
Access policies

• Many different flavors
– green, gold…

© 2014 SIPX, Inc.
Confidential

4

SIPX’s Context: Instructors and Students
• LMS and course reserves

© 2014 SIPX, Inc.
Confidential

5

SIPX’s Context: Instructors and Students
• Online learning
and MOOCs
• Continuing and
distance
education

© 2014 SIPX, Inc.
Confidential

6

Our Users Want to Know:
• Is it free to read?
– will it always be?
– if not, will it be soon?

• Can I share it with my students?
– for free? if there’s a cost, what is it?
– digitally or in print? share a PDF, or link out?
– any additional restrictions? (only a percentage of a
work, etc.)

• Can I reuse portions in my own work, or create
derivative works?
© 2014 SIPX, Inc.
Confidential

7

Is it free to read?

© 2014 SIPX, Inc.
Confidential

8

The challenge (to third parties):

© 2014 SIPX, Inc.
Confidential

9

Ways to be free:
• OA Journals
• OA content in hybrid journals
– Born OA
– Embargoed

•
•
•
•
•
•

Rolling pay-walls/open back-archive
Free sponsored content
Free content types (book reviews, front matter)
Temporarily free (popular, sample, special offer, etc.)
Subscribed
Identity-based (free to regions, registered users,
etc.)
• Condition-based, dynamic
© 2014 SIPX, Inc.
Confidential

10

Publisher Platform Sophistication:

‘All the top-100-accessed articles about
Radiation Biochemistry are free if older than 1
week, except for those by author John Smith
that were published in the last 10 years’

© 2014 SIPX, Inc.
Confidential

11

…how can third parties know
something is free?

© 2014 SIPX, Inc.
Confidential

12

Publisher provides metadata.
Problems:
– Vocab not standardized (‘open access’, ‘free’, ‘public
access’, ‘sponsored content’)
– Not machine-readable
– Error-prone (with free-text license statements)
– How? In file metadata, via API

© 2014 SIPX, Inc.
Confidential

13

Publisher provides metadata (in content files).
Problems:
– Just not there
•
•
•
•

Costly to deal with back content
In publisher’s own content, but not in metadata feeds
‘use the statement in the PDF watermark’
excludes conditional/dynamic and identity-based models

– Markup not standardized (many different formats:
XML DTDs, ONIX, RDF, HTML Meta, OAI-PMH,
Dublin Core)
© 2014 SIPX, Inc.
Confidential

14

XML examples
<cpyrt>
<year>2009</year>
<collab>Hamdi et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.</collab>
<note>
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution
License (<url>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0</url>), which permits unrestricted use,
distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
</note>
</cpyrt>
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------<oa:openAccessInformation xmlns:oa="http://vtw.elsevier.com/data/ns/properties/OpenAccess-1/">
<oa:openAccessEffective>2013-11-27T17:10:55Z</oa:openAccessEffective>
<oa:openAccessStatus>http://vtw.elsevier.com/data/voc/oa/OpenAccessStatus#Full</oa:openAc
cessStatus>
<oa:sponsor>
<oa:sponsorType>http://vtw.elsevier.com/data/voc/oa/SponsorType#Author</oa:sponsorType>
</oa:sponsor>
</oa:openAccessInformation>

© 2014 SIPX, Inc.
Confidential

15

XML examples
<license license-type="open-access”
xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/">
<license-p>
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons
Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in
any medium, provided the original
work is properly cited.
</license-p>
</license>
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------<license xlink:type="simple">
<license-p>
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the
<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"
xlink:type="simple">Creative Commons Attribution License</ext-link>
, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium,
provided the original author and source are credited.
</license-p>
</license>
© 2014 SIPX, Inc.
Confidential

16

XML examples
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attr0ibution 3.0 License (bync 3.0).
</license-p>
<license-p>Licensee PAGE Press, Italy</license-p>
</license>
------------------------------------------------------------------<license license-type="open-access”
xlink:href=“http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5>
<license-p>
Re-use of this article is permitted in accordance with the Creative Commons
Deed, Attribution 2.5, which does not permit commercial exploitation.
</license-p>
</license>
© 2014 SIPX, Inc.
Confidential

17

Publisher provides metadata via API.
Problems:
– All the same as providing in content, except better
handles conditional/dynamic and identity-based
– Rarely supported by publisher’s platform
– No standardization in APIs, third party costs
– Increased risk of failure

© 2014 SIPX, Inc.
Confidential

18

Use institutional holdings files.
Problems:
– Not very granular (journal-year range)
– Lots of variety (not everyone uses KBART):
embargo/days_available: 90
embargo/days_not_available:1060
545 days
18 months
P90D
R6M

– ‘30 days’ may be 30 days, or 1 month
© 2014 SIPX, Inc.
Confidential

19

Publisher provides rules.
(lists of OA/Free journal titles and articles)
Problems:
– Handling new journals
– Handling journal changes
– Keeping up with new articles, syncing

© 2014 SIPX, Inc.
Confidential

20

Third party crawls sites.
Problems:
– Can’t tell if it will soon be free
– …or soon won’t be free
– Overhead

© 2014 SIPX, Inc.
Confidential

21

…lots of opportunities…

© 2014 SIPX, Inc.
Confidential

22

Opportunities
• Assist with emerging standards

• Be part of exploring and creating a sustainable
and useable model
• Support school needs and initiatives
• Strengthen school relationships

© 2014 SIPX, Inc.
Confidential

23

© 2014 SIPX, Inc.
Confidential

24

How Open is Open Access?
Darlene Yaplee
Chief Marketing Officer, PLOS (Public Library of Science)

NISO Webinar
March 5, 2014

Now speaking…
Darlene Yaplee
Chief Marketing Officer
PLOS (Public Library of Science)

dyaplee@plos.org

26

Outline
•
•
•
•

Common Misconceptions and Clarifications
HowOpenIsIt? Tool
Real-world Examples of Open Access Reuse
Open Access and the Future of Publishing

27

Let’s keep in mind the goal…
the advancement of scientific knowledge

Source: Toshiaki Tameshige. PLOS Genetics. 2013. 9(7)
28

Common Misconceptions
and Clarifications

29

Open Access Tells You About

• Method of dissemination
• Whether you can reuse the information
• Whether the article is archived

30

It Does NOT Tell You About
•
•
•
•

The scope of the journal
The quality of the journal
The language of the journal
The review process of the journal

31

Open Access is Sustainable

32
32

Open Access Momentum – Growing Percentage
of STM Articles Published Open Access
12%

Source: Web of Science and Scopus databases, Mikael Laakso and Bo-Christer Björk

33
33

Open Access Definition

Varying and Unclear Definitions of
Open Access

35

100% Open Access
•
•
•
•

Free, immediate access online
Unrestricted distribution and reuse
Author retains rights to attribution
Papers are immediately deposited in a public
online archive such as PubMed Central
Bethesda Principles, April 2003

36

HowOpenIsIt?
Open Access Spectrum
Standardized Measurement of Openness

• Recognizes 6 components that
define Open Access publications
• Defines what makes a journal
more open vs. less open
• Invites informed decisions
about where to publish

A collaboration among:

37

Moving from “Is it OA?”  “HowOpenIsIt?”

A collaboration among:

www.plos.org/open-access/howopenisit/
38

3
8

The HowOpenIsIt? Tool


Free readership immediately upon
publication

No reuse rights beyond fair use/
limitations & exceptions to
copyright (all rights reserved ©)
Publisher holds copyright. No
author reuse of published version
beyond fair use
Author may not post any versions
to repositories or websites



Generous reuse and remixing rights
(e.g., CC BY license)



Author holds copyright
No restrictions



Author may post any version
to any repository or website

No automatic posting in third-party
repositories



Journals make articles automatically
available in trusted third-party repositories
immediately upon publication

Reader Rights Fees to read all articles
Subscription, membership, etc.

Reuse Rights
Copyrights
Author
Posting
Rights
Automatic
Posting
(e.g., PubMed

.

Central)

Machine
Readability

Not available in machine-readable
format: article full text /metadata



Community machine-readable
standard formats for article full text,
metadata, citations, & data
(community standard API or protocol)
39

Real-world Examples of
Open Access Reuse

40

Benefits of Open Access – Machine Readability
Visualizing Complex Science

Daniel Mietchen, PhD, Raphael Wimmer and Nils Dagsson Moskopp
http://blog.wikimedia.org/c/technology/features/multimedia/
41

Global Collaboration to Fight Malaria
Open Source Malaria Consortium

Matthew Todd, PhD

http://opensourcemalaria.org/
http://asap.plos.org
42

Benefits of Open Access – Access to Anyone
Smartphone Becomes Microscope

Saber Iftekhar Khan, MA
Eva Schmid, PhD
Oliver Hoeller, PhD

43

Accelerating Science Award Program (ASAP)
Global Collaboration

to Fight Malaria
Matthew Todd, PhD

HIV Self-Test
Empowers Patients
Nitika Pant Pai, MD, MPH, PhD,
Caroline Vadnais, Roni Deli-Houssein
and Sushmita Shivkumar

Visualizing Complex Science
Daniel Mietchen, PhD, Raphael Wimmer
and Nils Dagsson Moskopp

44

Open Access and the Future of
Publishing

45

Next Generation Publishing
Open Access is a Prerequisite
Research Article
Construct
• Abstract

Increased
Article Content
Types and
Utility

New Ways
of Research
Assessment

• Introduction
- Component types
• Methods
• Results
- Component granularity
• Discussion
• Supporting Information
• Acknowledgments
- Functionality
• Author Contributions
• References

- Living versus static

Greater Community Building
and Collaboration

- Merit of the
research

- Article-Level
Metrics
- Commenting

- Pre-publication to
continuous review

- Shared
repositories
- Participation/
crowd sourcing
- Network effect,
gets better the
more people
contribute

46

Untangling Open
Access Issues in
Scholarly
Communication

Greg Tananbaum
ScholarNext Consulting
greg@scholarnext.com
March 5, 2014

A Man Walks into a Bar…

Greg Tananbaum, ScholarNext Consulting

Open Access
SPARC: “Open Access is the free, immediate, online
availability of research articles, coupled with the rights to
use these articles fully in the digital environment.”

Free

Immediate

Full Reuse

Articles


Public Access
OSTP: “Ensure that the public can read, download, and
analyze in digital form final peer reviewed manuscripts or
final published documents within a timeframe that is
appropriate for each type of research conducted or
sponsored by the agency.”
Free

Immediate

Free

Embargo

Full Reuse

Some Reuse

Articles

Penultimate


Open Data
NIH: “Recorded factual material commonly accepted in the
scientific community as necessary to validate research
findings…data sharing should occur in a timely fashion. NIH
expects the timely release and sharing of data to be no later
than the acceptance for publication of the main findings from
the final dataset…Data should be made as widely and freely
available as possible.”

Free

Immediate

Full Reuse

Free

Embargo

Some Reuse

Free

Embargo

Some Reuse

Articles
Penultimate
Data


Open Science
Michael Nielson: “The idea that scientific knowledge of
all kinds should be openly shared as early as is practical
in the discovery process.”
Free

Immediate

Free

Embargo

Some Reuse

Free

Embargo

Some Reuse

Data

Free

Embargo

Some Reuse

Stuff

Full Reuse

Articles
Penultimate


NISO Open Access Metadata &
Indicators: Background
• Working group launched by NISO in late 2012
• Co-chaired by Cameron Neylon (PLOS), Ed Pentz
(CrossRef), Greg Tananbaum (representing SPARC)
• Goal is to develop standardized set of metadata
elements tying accessibility permissions to an object in
a manner useful to humans and machines


Why is This Necessary?
• Growth of OA
– Fasting growing segment of the journal market [Outsell]

• Proliferation of funder and government public
access mandates
– 111 worldwide as of 3/14
– See
http://www.biomedcentral.com/funding/funderpolicies

• Hybrid publishing options
– Offered by ~250 publishers as of 3/14
– See http://www.sherpa.ac.uk/romeo/PaidOA.php

Why is This Necessary?
Growth of OA + More Funder Mandates +
Hybrids =

Lots of OA papers with different associated
rights and responsibilities =

Confusion WRT who can do what when

Audience Segments
• Readers seeking to understand what rights they have for a given
article.
• Authors aiming to determine what rights they will retain and
whether they are compliant with a given funder policy.
• Publishers hoping to clearly convey what its audience can and
cannot do with the articles they disseminate.
• Research funders looking to promote the openness of the work
they sponsor, and to verify their policies are being followed.
• Search engines, A&I databases, and other discovery services
aiming to help guide their audience toward resources to which
they have access and other rights.
• Academic libraries seeking to more efficiently direct their patrons
to resources that are freely accessible and/or reusable.


Who’s Involved: Working Group
• American Chemical
Society (ACS): John Ochs

• Joint Information Systems
Committee (JISC): Ben Showers

• Copyright Clearance
Center: Heather Reid

• Kennisland: Paul Keller

• Creative Commons:
Timothy Vollmer
• EDItEUR: Tim Devenport
• Ex Libris, Inc.: Christine
Stohn
• Indiana University
Bloomington Libraries: Julie
Hardesty

• Reed Elsevier: Chris Shillum
• Social Science Research Network:
Gregg Gordon
• The Wellcome Library: Cecy
Marden
• University of Birmingham: Jill Russell

• International Association of
STM Publishers: Eefke Smit

Current Status and Roadmap
Approval of Proposal
January 2013
Appointment of Working Group

February 2013

Approval of Initial Work Plan

March 2013

Completion of Information Gathering

June-July 2013

Completion of Initial Draft
2013

November

Public Comment Period
January 2014

<<WE ARE HERE>>
Completion of Final Draft

March 2014


NISO OAMI Recommendations
• <free_to_read>
• <license_ref>


<free_to_read> Tag
• Indicates content can be read or viewed by any user without
payment or authentication
• Simple attribute of “yes” or “no”
• Optional start and end dates to accommodate embargoes, special
offers, etc.

For example, the following records indicate that the content is under
an one-year embargo from its date of publication on February 3, 2014.
At the expiration of the embargo, it becomes freely available to all
readers:

<free_to_read="no" start_date="2014-02-3” end_date=”2015-02-03"/>
<free_to_read="yes" start_date="2015-02-3”/>


<license_ref> Tag
• Content of this tag would include a stable identifier expressed as an HTTP URI
• URI would point to license terms that are human and/or machine readable
• Multiple URIs can be listed if article exists under specific license for certain
period of time and then changes

<license_ref start_date="2014-0203">http://www.psychoceramics.org/license_v1.html</license_ref>
<license_ref start_date="2015-0203">http://www.psychoceramics.org/open_license.html</license_ref>

The <license_ref> approach will enable community norms to develop around
recognized licenses. This could be done by an organization, or a group of
organizations, establishing a whitelist of recognized licenses. This gives flexibility for
“openness” to be defined differently for different communities.


Benefits of Successful
Implementation
Growth of OA + More Funder Mandates + Hybrids =

Lots of OA papers with different associated rights and
responsibilities =

Confusion WRT who can do what when
+
OA Metadata Indicator =

Transmittal of an article’s openness in a manner that makes
discovery, tracking, readership, and (hopefully) reuse
straightforward

Thank You
Greg Tananbaum

www.scholarnext.com
greg@scholarnext.com


NISO Two-Part Webinar, Part 1:
The Infrastructure of Open Access: Knowing What
is Open

Questions?
All questions will be posted with presenter answers on
the NISO website following the webinar:
http://www.niso.org/news/events/2014/webinars/what_is_open/

NISO Webinar • March 5, 2014

THANK YOU
Thank you for joining us today.
Please take a moment to fill out the brief online survey.
We look forward to hearing from you!

NISO Two-Part Webinar: The Infrastructure of Open Access, Part 1: Knowing What is Open

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NISO Two-Part Webinar: The Infrastructure of Open Access, Part 1: Knowing What is Open