1.
ተመስገን ዳኘ (ፒ.ኤች. ዲ)
ረዳት ፕሮፌሰር
yµtET 20½ 2;12 ›.M.
q xmlµkT l‰S X lDRጅታCN Sk@¬¥nT

2.
ÒRLS s!ê&NdL
 bñRk# m-N Slq xmlµkT xSf§g!nT YbL_ trDÒlh#ÝÝ
 q xmlµkT½ kT§NT½ kgNzB½ kh#n@¬ãC½ kWDqT½
kSk@T sãC k¸ÃSb#T k¸s„TM YbLÈLÝÝ
 XNÄ!h#M
( kmLK½kSõ¬½ wYM kKHlÖT YbLÈLÝÝ
q ÃLçN xmlµkT dGäÝ
 DRJTN½ yxML÷ ï¬ãCN X b@tsBN ÃfRúLÝÝ
 kh#l# ngR y¸gRmW GN byqn# l¸ñrN xmlµkT MRÅW bX¾
XJ mñ„ nWÝ T§NTN mqyR xNCLM XNÄ!h#M sãC b‰œcW
y¸ÃdRg#TN DRg!TM ¥SqyR xNCLMÝÝ mqyR yMNClW
xNÇ g#ÄY GN y‰úCN xmlµkT nWÝÝ
 b?Yw¬CN 1;% y¸YzW b¾ §Y y¸drGBN DRg!T s!çN 9;%
y¸YzW dGä XNÁT X¾ M§> XNdMNs_ nWÝÝ Y, y¸ÃúyW
h#l# ngR bX©CN mçn# nWÝÝ

3.
yxmlµkT TRg#M
 xmlµkT ¥lT mWdÄCN wYM _§ÒCNN yMNgL{bT
nWÝÝ YH dGä GMU¸ÃCNN X MRÅãÒCN §Y
Ymsr¬LÝÝ
 xmlµk¬CN ytmsrtW bmr© bmçn#Â h#l#NM mr©
¥wQ SlMNcgR h#Lg!z@M b!çNM xmlµk¬CN llW_
ZG° ¥DrG Y-bQBÂLÝÝ

4.
yq xmlµkT TRg#M
XÃNÄNÄCN bxXMéxCN yœLÂcW Bz# |XlÖC xl#NÝÝ
Xns#M wd h#lT xNµ*R g#ÄüC bmKfL l¥yT YÒ§LÝÝ
( X¾ yMN-BqW wYM
( XWn¬W ÂcWÝÝ

5.
YH ybrì KStT ksW LíC HYwT U‰
Y²mÄL

6.
10 %
90 %

7.
yq xmlµkT xSf§g!nT
bhRŠRD †n!vRs!tE bt-Â _ÂT
( sãC |‰Â XDgT y¸Ãgß#T 85% bqÂ
xmlµkT s!çN
( 15% bXWqT mçn#N ¥rUg_ tC§*L
b5;; x»¶µ b¸gß# k#ÆNà `§ðãC §Y btdrg _ÂTM
( 94% yçn#T `§ðãC Sk@¬¥n¬cW ytmrtW
በቀና xmlµk¬cW mçn#N xrUG-êLÝÝ

8.
yq xmlµkT xSf§g!nT
ébRT ›lM xqF x¥µ¶ãC DRJT b1;; yx»¶µ T§LQ
k#ÆNÃãC bxdrgW _ÂT mRt ‰t®C k|‰ y¸Ær„T 3;%
bB”T ¥nS s!çN 7;% dGä bxmlµkT çñ tg"aLÝÝ

9.
yq xmlµkT xSf§g!nT
 yMNñRbTN ›lM MNnT YwSÂL½
 ySk@¬¥nT mrT nW½
 lsãC lh#n@¬ãC y¸ñrNN S»T YwSÂL½
 xmlµk¬CN tGƉCNN XNÄ!wSN t{Xñ ÃdRUL
½
 lsãC bMÂúyW ÆH¶ mrT bM§¹# kns# M§>
XNdMÂg" ÃSgnZbÂLÝÝ

10.
yq xmlµkT _QM
l‰úCN
( g#LbT Ys-ÂL
( yHYwTN ÈXM
Y=MRLÂL
( bxµÆb!ÃCN Ãl#TN sãC
ä‰L ÃnúúL
( xSdúC SBX çBsÂL
( lHBrtsBÂ lhgR
xStê{å XNDÂdRG Xg²
ÃdRGLÂL
lDRጅታCN
( MRTN ÃúDUL
( yHBrT |‰N Ãbr¬¬L
( CGRN Yf¬L
( _‰TN Y=M‰L
( _„ y|‰ h#n@¬N Yf_‰L
( mt¥mNN Y=M‰L
( TRFN Ú>§L
( bs‰t®C½ bx¶ãC bdNb®C
mµkL ÃlWN GNß#T Ú>§L
( +NqTN YqNúL

11.
q xmlµkT çcW sãC bMN YlÃl#?
1. btNkƵb!n¬cW½
2. b‰œcW §Y ƧcW mt¥mN½
3. bTXG|¬cW½
4. bTHTÂcW½
5. l‰œcW l¾ ƧcW q GMT½
6. _„ W-@T bm-b”cW½
7. l¥Äm_ F§gÖT S§§cW½
8. lU‰ x¹ÂðnT bmS‰¬cW½
9. ngéCN bq§L y¸Ã†Â wsN y¥Ãb° bmçÂcW ½
10. |Ht¬cWN bq§l# y¸ÃMn# bmçÂcW½
11. l¥wQ lmlw_ XD» y¥YgDÆcW bmçÂcW ½
12. èlÖ Æl¥Rj¬cW Y¬w”l#ÝÝ

12.
q ÃLçn xmlµkT çcW sãC mglÅãC
1. HYw¬cW bMÊT ytä§ bmçn#½
2. Qʬ xs¸ bmçÂcW½
3. ›§¥ b!S HYwT bmM‰¬cW½
4. yHmM xStÂUíC bmçÂcW½
5. lsãC WDqTN XN©! Sk@TN xlmm߬cW½
6. l‰úcW ll@lÖC kFt¾ +NqTfȶãC bmçÂcW
Y¬w”l#ÝÝ

13.
q xmlµkTN y¸wSn# h#n@¬ãC
1. kÆb! h#n@¬ãC½
2. LMDÂ
3. TMHRT ÂcWÝÝ

14.
kÆb! h#n@¬ãC
( b@tsB ½
( T¼b@T ½
( y|‰ ï¬ ½
( mg¾ Bz#`N ½
( ÆHL½
( `Y¥ñT ½
( LMìCÂ XMnèC ½
( îšL h#n@¬ãC½
( ±ltEµêE h#n@¬ãC ÂcWÝÝ
YH h#l# b@tsÆêE½ DRJ¬êE X xg‰êE ÆHLN
Yf_‰LÝÝ

15.
LMD
 LMD bHYw¬CN WS_ h#n¾ t-”> ¥m§kÒ bmçn#
lwdðT Wœn@ãÒCN h#l# XNdmnš XNö_rêlNÝÝ
 XD»ÃCN b=mr m-N xh#N ÆlN XMQ `YL
kmt¥mN YLQ bT§NT TZ¬ §Y YbL_ _g¾
XNçÂlNÝÝ

16.
TMHRT
 TMHRT SNL mdb¾Â mdb¾ ÃLçnWN h#l#
Ã-”L§LÝÝ
 bxh#n# zmN bxB²¾W kTMHRT tÌ¥T
yMÂgßW mr© bmçn# lXWqTÂ l_bB yt‰BN
çnN XN¬ÃlNÝÝ
mr© xSf§g!nT XWqT
Sk@¬¥nT _bB bS‰ §Y ¥êL

17.
ylW_ äÁL
( Sl CGéÒCNN mgNzB½
( CGéÒCNN l¥SwgD F§gÖTN mF-R½
( CGéÒCNN l¥SwgD y¸ÃSCL XWqT
mšT¼mflG ½
( ÃgßnWN mFT/@ bS‰ §Y ¥êL LMD
¥GßT ½
( lW-#N l¥Sr{ t=¥¶ XWqT mšT½
YH äÁL k‰œCN xfÚ[M kDRJ¬CN
W-@¬¥nT U‰M YÃòLÝÝ

18.
_QL Sk@¬¥nT bÃNÄNCN lW_ §Y
Ymsr¬L

19.
yxmlkµkT lW_ l¥MÈT LN-B”cW y¸gቡ 8
mrE {Ns hϕC
1. xmlµk¬CNN wd q XNÄ!Ãtk#R ¥DrG½
2. xh#N ymS‰TN LMDN ¥ÄbR½
3. yMSU xmlµkTN ¥ÄbR½
4. wd¥ÃÌR_ TMHRT mGÆT½
5. q yçn WSÈêE S»¬CNN ¥ÄbR½
6. km_æ tGƉT ‰œCNN mn-L½
7. ms‰T y¸gÆcWN bdr© lYè m|‰T½
8. b_„ ngR qÂCNN mjmRÂ m=rS ÂcWÝÝ

20.
q xmlµkTN y¥öà |LèC
 ngéC k-bQÂcW XNd¸çn# ¥sB½
 lWÈCNN mk¬tL½
 dS¬N y¸f_„ h#n@¬ãCN mšT½
 xmlµk¬CNN ¥StµkL¼ G¥> Ñl#Â G¥> gÖìlÖ¼ ½
 xÄ!s#N HYwT m§bS½
 yçnLNN _„ ngR xlmRúT½
 ngéC wd Æs h#n@¬ l!ÿÇ XNd¸Cl# m-bQ½
 tSÍN h#l@ tgN ¥DrG½
 yMNt¥mNbT GNß#T wYM Ùd"nT mm|rT½
 HL¥CNN lmtGbR mNqúqS ÂcWÝÝ

21.
yYÒ§L xmlµkT TMHRT _QîC
1. h#l#N ¥DrG YÒ§L½ bxND g!z@ GN h#l#N ngR
¥DrG xYÒLM½
2. h#l#N ¥DrG YÒ§L½ l¾ ¥Drg# xSf§g! s!çN XN©!½
3. h#l#N ¥DrG YÒ§L½ bh#l# ngR F[#¥êE¼yb” mçN
GN xYÒLM½
4. h#l#N ¥DrG YÒ§L½WSNnT GN YñrÂL½
5. h#l#N ¥DrG YÒ§L½ yl@lÖC XRĬ GN ÃSfLgÂLÝÝ

22.
xmsGÂlh# !!!