Multi-modal and Inter-modal transportation planning

Multimodal and Intermodal
Transportation Planning
Prof. BhaskerV. Bhatt
Assistant Professor & PG incharge (ME-TCP)
Faculty of Civil Engineering,
Sarvajanik College of Engineering &Technology, Surat
Presentation for a lecture
during a One-day seminar
On
“Current Scenario of
public transportation in
Surat: Problems and
remedies”
Friday, 7th October 2016
at
Bhagwan Mahavir
College of Engineering &
Technology,Surat
07-Oct-16
Multimodal and Intermodal Transportation Planning by Bhasker V. Bhatt is licensed under a
Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. Free use of the document is
allowed with appropriate citation.
1
We have many facilities and resources, we miss
what is known as

About theme
of seminar
 Public transportation in Surat: Not Problems,
but the opportunities – manifold.
07-Oct-16 2

Introduction
 Transport has significant role to play in
accelerating urban mobility.
 Urban mobility has different dimensions i.e.
 Mobility for to work;
 Education;
 Social needs;
 Healthcare and others;
 Mobility by public, private and personalized
modes; and
 Mobility through facilitation of various
transport infrastructure & services provided
by the authorities concerned.
07-Oct-16 3

Introduction
 PublicTransport modes have vast impact on
movement patterns but the same cannot be
achieved
-without modal integration
-conjunction with some motorized and non-
motorized modes such as two-wheelers, auto
rickshaws, pedestrians and bicycles.
 Hence, there is a need to evolve multi modal transport
system particularly through proper planning of
existing modes and design of physical
infrastructures.
07-Oct-16 4

Concept
07-Oct-16 5

Concept
07-Oct-16 6

Multi Modal Transport provides multiple
choices to enable a trip to be performed
by commuters.
The critical requirement of the whole
system is integration.
Integration needs better planning,
design and operation of various modes
to provide utility and services for
-safe, rapid, convenient and
environmentally compatible movement
of commuters …………………….. This
combination is known as Multi Modal
Transport System.
07-Oct-16 7

Public
Transport and
Other Modes
inSelected
Metropolitan
Cities in India
in 2007
(values in %) Source: WSA + MoUD, GOI (2007).
07-Oct-16 8

PTShare in
some cities
43 45
54
31
35 35
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Modal Share of
Public
Transport(%)
Delhi Mumbai Kolkata Chennai Bangalore Hyderabad
CitiesSource: WSA + MoUD, GOI (2007).
Share of the same should be 75-80%
To enhance the ridership of public transport,
integration of various modes with mass rapid
transit is required.
07-Oct-16 9

MMTS
Personalized Mode + PublicTransport = MMTS
 Now-a-days, there has been rise in the number of
middle class population owning personalized
modes.
 Further, automobile companies have also been
coming up with new models of cars such as
NANO/ Driver-less cars by TESLA and others at
reasonable low cost. Hence, personalized
vehicles are increasing.
 It is important to synchronize rail, bus, BRTS,
personalized modes, and such to evolve multi
modal transport system.
07-Oct-16 10

NMT + Public
Transport
= MMTS
Integration of pedestrians,
bicycle and cycle rickshaws
with metro to enhance
share of non-motorized
transport is also
desirable.
07-Oct-16 11

MMTS
MEthodology
07-Oct-16 12

Case studies
Singapore
 Singapore PublicTransport Service includes
- Bus,
- Mass RapidTransit (MRT),
- Light RailTransit (LRT) and
-Taxi.
 The amalgamation MRTS with other modes is a good
example of multi modal transport system .
 Integration Approach
-Adoption of common ticketing system so that fare card can be
used on both MRTS and buses.
-Availability of proper guidance and information system at both
the bus and MRTS stations.
-Restructuring of bus routes to reduce duplicity of services
between bus and MRTS.
-New link ways from station entrances to bus shelters,
interchanges has been developed.
07-Oct-16 13

Case studies
Stuttgart
Stuttgart PassengerTransport System is
a good example of an efficient MMTS.
 Modes:
- Regional RapidTransit System (S- Bahn)
- Metro System ( U- Bahn)
- Bus
-Taxi
Integration Approach
- Unified ticket system,
- co-ordianted time-tables,
- efficient design at transit to minimize transfer penalty.
- Stuttgart city is divided into different kernels (zones) for
ticketing purpose.
07-Oct-16 14

What is
Intermodal
Transportation?
 “Inter” comes from the Latin language and means
“between”
 Involving more than one mode of transportation
07-Oct-16 15

Intermodal
Transportation
Intermodal CargoTransportation
Intermodal Passenger Transportation
07-Oct-16 16

What is
Intermodal
Transportation?
 Intermodal passenger transport, also called mixed-
mode commuting.
 The goal of mixed-mode commuting is often to
combine the strengths of various transportation
options.
 A major goal of modern intermodal passenger
transport is to reduce dependence on the
automobile as the major mode of ground
transportation and increase use of public transport.
07-Oct-16 17

Intermodal
Transportation
 To assist and encourage such trips, Intermodal
Journey planning software - in the form of online
web applications or mobile device apps - is often
available for travelers to plan and schedule their
journey.
07-Oct-16 18

WHY
Intermodal
Transportation
•Very Common, but need dedicated planning
efforts
•Very Efficient
•More Economical
•Cuts down in travel time and costs
•Coordination better then in the past possible
•Less handling of goods
•Results in less damage and loss of
goods
07-Oct-16 19

Logistics managers are looking for the
best way to move shipments and these
often attempt to take advantage of
multiple modes of transportation, each of
which has certain useful characteristics.Intermodal
Cargo
Transportation
Multimodal and Intermodal Transportation Planning by Bhasker V. Bhatt is
licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike4.0 International
License. Free use of the document is allowed with appropriate citation.
07-Oct-16 20

Types of
Intermodal
Services
07-Oct-16 21

INCOTERMS
for
international
business
(Source: www.nfiindustries.com)
07-Oct-16 22

Intermodal
Transportation
Biggest disadvantage is that
carriers are reluctant to
participate.
Cultural bias towards using only one mode, and
this makes change more difficult.
Certain types have been fairly well developed,
such as rail/water, motor/water, rail/motor, and
motor/air.
07-Oct-16 23

Referred to as Container-on-Flat-Car (COFC);
goods are placed in a large box, where they are
untouched until they arrive at the consignee's
unloading dock.
Reduces theft, damage, multiple handling costs
and intermodal transfer time.
Changes materials handling from labor intensive
to capital intensive and may reduce costs from 10
to 20%.
IntermodalTransportation:
Containerization
07-Oct-16 24

“Land bridge” concept may apply for international
shipments where oceans are separated by a large
land mass.
For example, containers moving from Japan to
Europe may dock at Long Beach, CA, transfer the
containers to a railroad, and reload the containers
onboard another ship in Norfolk,VA., continuing
on to a European port.
IntermodalTransportation:
Containerization
07-Oct-16 25

Intermodal
Transportation:
RoadRailers
 Newest concept referred to as a “RoadRailer”
 Essentially a trailer that has been reinforced to ride
on a rail bogey and be coupled together directly
without first being placed on a rail flat car.
 Saves weight and locomotive power and thus fuel
for the railroad
 Special lower rates
 Motor competitive transit times
07-Oct-16 26

Intermodal
Passenger
Transportation
Everyday lives
are taken for
granted in urban
areas
www.deccanchronicle.com
07-Oct-16 27

Forms of
Passenger
Transportation
Walk
Bus
Planes
Trains
Cycle
Cars
Elevators
Water
07-Oct-16 28

07-Oct-16 29

Summary
on concept:
 Combination of several modes of transportation to
get from one place to another
 Passengers do use Intermodal transportation
 Efficient System ofTransportation is a need of an
hour needs to be addressed
07-Oct-16 30

Automobile to public transport nodes
 Automobiles are conventionally used as a single-mode form of transit,
they also find use in a variety of mixed-mode scenarios.
 2W can provide a short commute to BRTS, Bus stations, train stations,
airports, and where all-day "park and ride/paid parking lots" lots are
often available.
 Taxicabs and Rental cars also play a major role in providing door-to-
door service between airports or train stations and other points of
travel throughout urban, suburban, and rural communities.
07-Oct-16 31

Bike and Ride
 All around the world bicycles are used to get to and
from train and other public transportation stations.
 This form of intermodal passenger transport is
often called "Bike-and-Ride" (the "ride" here
confusingly refers to the part of the trip on public
transport).
 Some train/ bus/ ferry systems allow commuters to
take their bicycles on-board the trains/ buses/
ferries allowing cyclists to ride at both ends of the
commute.
07-Oct-16 32

Bicycle
Sharing
07-Oct-16 33

Bicycle sharing
at
Gandhinagar
07-Oct-16 34

(Source: http://cdn.archinect.net/images/1200x/5e/5e81whqm0tpm7osz.jpg)Multimodal and Intermodal Transportation Planning by Bhasker V. Bhatt is licensed under a
07-Oct-16 35

Contd…
Intermodal
Terminal
 The main objective of a passenger intermodal
terminal is the integrated and efficient transfer of
passengers between various routes and different
modes of transport. In order to ensure the
effectiveness of this essential function, a terminal
should provide:
 Reliable and adequate level of service of the means
involved in the operation of the terminal
07-Oct-16 36

Intermodal
Terminal
 Satisfactory level of facilities serving the transfer
 Provision of low cost travel
 Adequate accessibility of the site for all users
(especially the differently-able)
 Reduced travel time compared to that needed for
the same trip without transfer
 Direct access between two different platforms for
almost all platforms of different modes of the
terminal
07-Oct-16 37

Bus to public
transport
nodes
Many large cities link their railway network to
their bus network. This enables commuters to get to
places that are not serviced directly by rail as they are
often considered be too far for walking.
Feeder buses are buses are a specific example
of this; feeder buses service local neighborhoods by
taking travelers from their homes to nearby train
stations which is important if the distances are too far to
comfortably walk; at the end of the working day the
buses take the travelers home again.
07-Oct-16 38

Disadvantages
 The effectiveness of a mixed-mode commute can
be measured in many ways: speed to destination,
convenience, security, environmental impact,
and proximity to mass transit are all factors.
 The mixed-mode commutes rely on a certain
degree of coordination, scheduling issues with
mass transit can often be an issue.
07-Oct-16 39

Disadvantages
 For example, a sometimes-late train can be an
annoyance, and an often-late train can make a
commute impractical.
 Weather can also be a factor.
 Even when the use of an automobile is involved,
the transition from one mode of transportation to
another often exposes commuters to the elements. As
a result, multi-mode commuters often travel prepared
for inclement weather.
07-Oct-16 40

References
 Various online sources as cited
 Lecture notes of Dr. M. Parida, IIT-Roorkee during a QIP Short
Term Course on UrbanTransportation System Planning (June 17 –
June 21, 2013)
07-Oct-16
41

We need to have an integration of all the modes to
improve the current traffic scenario in our cities.
THANKYOU.
07-Oct-16
42

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