anatomy and physiology of respiratory system

2.  “Respiration” is used several
different ways:
 Cellular respiration is the aerobic
breakdown of glucose in the
mitochondria to make ATP.
 Respiratory systems are the organs in
animals that exchange gases with the
environment.
 “Respiration” is an everyday term that
is often used to mean “breathing.”

3.  Respiratory systems allow
animals to move oxygen (needed
for cellular respiration) into body
tissues and remove carbon
dioxide (waste product of cellular
respiration) from cells.

4. -contraction of diaphragm and
intercostal muscles

5.  relaxation of diaphragm and
intercostal muscles

6.  Air Distributor
 Gas exchanger
 Filters, warms, and humidifies
air
 Influences speech
 Allows for sense of smell

7.  Upper respiratory tract (outside thorax)
 Nose having tiny hairs
 Nasal Cavity soft and hard plate
 Sinuses air cavities
 Pharynx

9.  Lower respiratory tract (within
thorax)
 Trachea
 Bronchial Tree
 Lungs

11.  Nose - warms and
moistens air
Have nasal conchae
with small spaces
dilates in winter,
 Sinuses - 4 air
containing spaces – open
or drain into nose - (lowers
weight of skull).

12.  Pharynx (throat)
Base of skull to esophagus
 3 divisions
 Nasopharynx - behind
nose to soft palate
 Oropharynx - behind
mouth, soft palate to hyoid
bone.
 Laryngopharynx
hyoid bone to esophagus.

13.  Larynx
(Voice box )
help in
phonation
 Have no work
in respiratory
system.

14. Trachea (windpipe)
 Larynx to bronchi
 Consists of smooth cartilage and C
shaped rings of cartilage.
 Tracheostomy - cutting of an opening
in trachea to allow breathing.

16. The diaphragm pulled the oxygen down to
the bronchi and into the lungs. Then, it
goes into a million moist air sacks which
expand and contract like a sponge with
water.

17.  Lungs:
 Divided into 2
lobes
 Left lung is
smaller than
right.

18.  Bronchi:
 Tubes that branch
off trachea and
enter into lungs
 Ciliated
 Bronchioles:
branch into
microscopic
alveolar ducts.
Terminate into
alveolar sacs

19.  The alveoli are moist, thin-
walled pockets which are the site
of gas exchange.
 A slightly oily surfactant
prevents the alveolar walls from
collapsing and sticking together.
 Gas exchanging done here by
diffusion.

24. Malfunctions & Diseases of the Respiratory System
asthma
severe allergic reaction
characterized by the
constriction of bronchioles
bronchitis
inflammation of the lining of
the bronchioles
emphysema
condition in which the alveoli
deteriorate, causing the lungs
to lose their elasticity
pneumonia
condition in which the alveoli
become filled with fluid,
preventing the exchange of
gases
lung cancer
irregular & uncontrolled growth
of tumors in the lung tissue