Introduction to emerging technology

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Compiled By - Biniam Behailu

2. INTRODUCTION TO EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES
(EMTE1012)
CHAPTER – 1
INTRODUCTION
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 Evolution of Technologies
 Industrial Revolution(1.0 to 4.0)
 Role of Data for Emerging Technologies
 Programmable Devices
 Network Devices
 Human to Machine Interaction
 Future Trends in Emerging Technologies

4.  Evolution means the process of
developing by gradual changes.
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 Like human beings technology
has been evolving.

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 Now a days technology runs our lives.
Technology

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 An Industrial Revolution at its core occurs when a society shifts from
using tools to make products to using new sources of energy, such as
coal, to power machines in factories.
 The revolution started in England, with a series of innovations to make
labor more efficient and productive.
 The Industrial Revolution was a time when the manufacturing of
goods moved from small shops and homes to large factories.
 This shift brought about changes in culture as people moved from
rural areas to big cities in order to work.

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 What are the four types of industry?
• Primary industry involves getting raw materials e.g. mining, farming
and fishing.
• Secondary industry involves manufacturing e.g. making cars and
steel.
• Tertiary industries provide a service e.g. teaching and nursing.
• Quaternary industry involves research and development industries
e.g. IT.

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 The Industrial Revolution (IR) is described as a transition to new
manufacturing processes.
 IR was first coined in the 1760s, during the time where this revolution
began.
 The transitions in the first IR included going from hand production
methods to machines,
 the increasing use of steam power, the development of machine tools
and the rise of the factory system.

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 In the 1800s, water- and steam-powered machines were developed to
aid workers.

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 The Second IR, also known as Technological Revolution, began
somewhere in the 1870s.
 The advancements in IR 2.0 included the development of methods for
manufacturing interchangeable parts and widespread adoption of
pre-existing technological systems such as telegraph and railroad
networks.
 This adoption allowed the vast movement of people and ideas,
enhancing communication.

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 New technological systems were introduced, such as electrical power
and telephones.

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 IR 3.0 introduced the transition from mechanical and analogue
electronic technology to digital electronics which began from the late
1950s.
 Due to the shift towards digitalization, IR 3.0 was given the nickname,
“Digital Revolution”.
 The core factor to this revolution is the mass production and
widespread use of digital logic circuits and its derived technologies
such as the computer, hand phones and the Internet.

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 This period also spawned the development of software systems to
capitalize on the electronic hardware.

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 Now, with advancements in various technologies such as robotics/AI,
Internet of Things (IoT), additive manufacturing and autonomous
vehicles etc…
 Another major breakthrough that is associated with IR 4.0 is the
adoption of Artificial Intelligence (AI), where we can see it being
implemented into our smartphones.
 AI is also one of the main element that gives life to Autonomous
Vehicles and Automated Robots.

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 Now, Industry 4.0 can help these programs reach their full potential

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 Generally, the following industrial revolutions fundamentally changed
and transfer the world around us into modern society.
• The steam engine,
• The age of science and mass production, and
• The rise of digital technology
• Smart and autonomous systems fueled by data and machine learning.

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 The era of data-centric computing is here, different technologies like
IoT, Social medias Search engines, block chain, AI/ML, almost every
technology have different uses for data.
 There are 2.5 Quintillion bytes of data created each day at our
current pace, but that pace is only accelerating with the growth of the
Internet of Things (IoT).
 Over the last two years alone 90 percent of the data in the world was
generated.
 Data generation, delivery, concentration, and exploration are
transforming how organizations connect with customers, develop new
revenue sources, and improve operational efficiencies.

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 In the world of digital electronic systems, there are four basic kinds of
devices: memory, microprocessors, logic, and networks
• Memory devices store random information such as the contents of
a spreadsheet or database.
• Microprocessors execute software instructions to perform a wide
variety of tasks such as running a word processing program or video
game.

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• Logic devices provide specific functions, including device-to-device
interfacing.
• Data communication, signal processing, data display, timing and
control operations, and almost every other function a system must
perform.

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 Programmable Logic Devices (PLDs) are electronic components used
to build reconfigurable digital circuits.
 They contain an array of AND gates & another array of OR gates.
 Unlike integrated circuits (IC) which consist of logic gates and have a
fixed function, a PLD has an undefined function at the time of
manufacture.
 The process of entering the information into these devices is known
as programming.

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 Basically, users can program these devices or ICs electrically in order
to implement the Boolean functions based on the requirement.
 Why is a computer referred to as a programmable device?
 Because what makes a computer, a computer is that it follows a set
of instructions.
 Many electronic devices are computers that perform only one
operation, but they are still following instructions that reside
permanently in the unit.

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 Different Kinds of Programmable devices

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 Top 10 Programmable devices
1. Achronix Speedster SPD60
2. Actel’s nano versions of its Igloo FPGAs
3. Altera Stratix IV GT and Arria II GX
4. Atmel’s AT91CAP7L
5. Cypress Semiconductor’s programmable system-on-chip (PSoC) family
6. Lattice Semiconductor’s ECP3
7. Lime Microsystems’ LMS6002
8. Silicon Blue Technologies
9. Xilinx Virtex 6 and Spartan 6
10.Xmos Semiconductor L series

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 The network is a collection of computers, servers, network devices,
peripherals, or other devices connected to one another to allow the
sharing of data.
 An excellent example of a network is the Internet, which connects
millions of people all over the world.

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 A full range of network-related equipment referred to as Service
Enabling Devices (SEDs),which can include:
• Traditional channel service unit (CSU) and data service unit (DSU)
• Modems
• Routers
• Switches
• Conferencing equipment
• Network appliances (NIDs and SIDs)
• Hosting equipment and servers

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 A full range of network-related equipment referred to as Service
Enabling Devices (SEDs),which can include:

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 HMI refers to the communication and interaction between a human
and a machine via a user interface.
 Nowadays, natural user interfaces such as gestures have gained
increasing attention as they allow humans to control machines through
natural and intuitive behaviors.

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 What is interaction in human computer interaction?
• HCI (Human-Computer Interaction) is the study of how people
interact with computers and to what extent computers are or are not
developed for successful interaction with human beings.
• HCI consists of three parts: the user, the computer itself, and the ways
they work together.

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 How do users interact with computers?
• The user interacts directly with hardware for the human input and
output such as displays, e.g. through a graphical user interface.
• The user interacts with the computer over this software interface
using the given input and output (I/O) hardware.

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 How important is human computer interaction?
• The goal of HCI is to improve the interaction between users and
computers by making computers more user-friendly and receptive to
the user's needs.
• The main advantages of HCI are simplicity, ease of deployment &
operations and cost savings – for smaller set-ups.

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 Disciplines Contributing to Human Computer Interaction (HCI)
• Cognitive psychology: Limitations, information processing,
performance prediction, cooperative working and capabilities.
• Computer science: Including graphics, technology, prototyping
tools, user interface management systems.
• Linguistics. Usage of words and sentences on the User Interface
• Engineering and design
• Artificial intelligence
• Ergonomics and Human factors

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 Disciplines Contributing to Human Computer Interaction (HCI)

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 Emerging technology trends in 2019
• 5G Networks
• Artificial Intelligence (AI)
• Autonomous Devices
• Blockchain
• Augmented Analytics
• Digital Twins
• Enhanced Edge Computing and
• Immersive Experiences in Smart Spaces

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 Some emerging technologies that will shape the future of you and
your business
• Chatbots
• Virtual, Augmented & Mixed Reality
• Blockchain
• Ephemeral Apps and
• Artificial Intelligence.

36. THANKYOU
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