Materi Dasar PHP

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Outline
• What is PHP?
• History of PHP
• Why PHP ?
• What is PHP file?
• What you need to start using PHP ?
• Syntax PHP code .
• echo & print Statement
• Variables.
• Data Types.
• Constants &Operators.
• Conditional Statements & Loops.
What is PHP?
 Personal Homepage Tools/Form Interpreter
 PHP is a Server-side Scripting Language designed specifically for
the Web.
 An open source language
 PHP code can be embedded within an HTML page, which will
be executed each time that page is visited.
What is PHP? (cont’d)
• Interpreted language, scripts are parsed at run-time rather
than compiled beforehand
• Executed on the server-side
• Source-code not visible by client
• ‘View Source’ in browsers does not display the PHP code
• Various built-in functions allow for fast development
• Compatible with many popular databases
History of PHP
 PHP (PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor) was created by Rasmus Lerdorf in 1994. It was initially developed for
HTTP usage logging and server-side form generation in Unix.
 PHP 2 (1995) transformed the language into a Server-side embedded scripting language. Added database
support, file uploads, variables, arrays, recursive functions, conditionals, iteration, regular expressions, etc.
 PHP 3 (1998) added support for ODBC data sources, multiple platform support, email protocols
(SNMP,IMAP), and new parser written by Zeev Suraski and Andi Gutmans .
 PHP 4 (2000) became an independent component of the web server for added efficiency. The parser was
renamed the Zend Engine. Many security features were added.
 PHP 5 (2004) adds Zend Engine II with object oriented programming, robust XML support using the libxml2
library, SOAP extension for interoperability with Web Services, SQLite has been bundled with PHP
Why PHP ?
• PHP runs on different platforms (Windows, Linux, Unix, Mac OS X, etc.)
• PHP is compatible with almost all servers used today (Apache, IIS, etc.)
• PHP has support for a wide range of databases
• PHP is free. Download it from the official PHP resource: www.php.net
• PHP is easy to learn and runs efficiently on the server side

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What does PHP code look like?
• Structurally similar to C/C++
• Supports procedural and object-oriented
paradigm (to some degree)
What Can PHP Do?
 PHP can generate dynamic page content
 PHP can create, open, read, write, and close files on the server
 PHP can collect form data
 PHP can send and receive cookies
 PHP can add, delete, modify data in your database
 PHP can restrict users to access some pages on your website
 PHP can encrypt data
 With PHP you are not limited to output HTML. You can output images, PDF
files, and even Flash movies. You can also output any text, such as XHTML and
XML
What is a PHP File?
 PHP files can contain text, HTML, JavaScript code,
and PHP code
 PHP code are executed on the server, and the
result is returned to the browser as plain HTML
 PHP files have a default file extension of ".php”
What you need to start using PHP ?
 Installation
 You will need
1. Web server ( Apache )
2. PHP ( version 5.3)
3. Database ( MySQL 5 )
4. Text editor (Notepad)
5. Web browser (Firefox )
6. www.php.net/manual/ en/install.php
Syntax PHP code
• A PHP script can be placed anywhere in the
document.
• A PHP script starts with
<?php and ends with ?>
Syntax PHP code
• Standard Style :
<?php …… ?>
• Short Style:
<? … ?>
• Script Style:
<SCRIPT LANGUAGE=‘php’> </SCRIPT>
• ASP Style:
<% echo “Hello World!”; %>

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Echo
• The PHP command ‘echo’ is used to output the parameters
passed to it .
• The typical usage for this is to send data to the client’s web-browser
• Syntax : void echo (string arg1 [, string argn...])
• In practice, arguments are not passed in parentheses since
echo is a language construct rather than an actual function
Echo - Example
• <?php
echo “ This my first statement in PHP language“;
• ?>
Print
• print is not actually a real function (it is a
language construct) so you are not required to
use parentheses with its argument list.
<?php
print("Hello World");
?>
Echo Vs Print
Improve this chart Echo Print
Parameters: echo can take more than one parameter when
used without parentheses. The syntax is echo
expression [, expression[, expression] ... ]. Note
that echo ($arg1,$arg2) is invalid.
print only takes one parameter.
Return value: echo does not return any value print always returns 1 (integer)
Syntax: void echo ( string $arg1 [, string $... ] ) int print ( string $arg )
What is it?: In PHP, echo is not a function but a language
construct.
In PHP, print is not a really function but a
language construct. However, it behaves like a
function in that it returns a value.
Variables
• As with algebra, PHP variables can be used to hold values (x=5) or
expressions (z=x+y).
• Variable can have short names (like x and y) or more descriptive names
(age, carname, totalvolume).
• Rules for PHP variables:
• A variable starts with the $ sign, followed by the name of the variable
Variables
• A variable name must begin with a letter or the underscore character
• A variable name can only contain alpha-numeric characters and
underscores (A-z, 0-9, and _ )
• A variable name should not contain spaces
• Variable names are case sensitive ($y and $Y are two different variables)

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Variables
• Case-sensitive ($Foo != $foo != $fOo)
• Global and locally-scoped variables
• Global variables can be used anywhere
• Local variables restricted to a function or class
• Certain variable names reserved by PHP
• Form variables ($_POST, $_GET)
• Server variables ($_SERVER)
Creating (Declaring) Variables
<?php
$name = “ali”
echo( $name);
?>
Creating (Declaring) Variables
• PHP has no command for declaring a variable.
• A variable is created the moment you first assign a value to it:
• After the execution of the statements above, the variable txt will hold the
value Hello world!, and the variable xwill hold the value 5.
• Note: When you assign a text value to a variable, put quotes around the
value.
$txt="Hello world!";
$x=5;
Variables
<?php
$name = “ali”;
$age = 23;
echo “ My name is $name and I am $age years old”;
?>
PHP is a Loosely Typed Language
• In the example above, notice that we did not have to tell PHP which data
type the variable is.
• PHP automatically converts the variable to the correct data type,
depending on its value.
• In a strongly typed programming language, we will have to declare (define)
the type and name of the variable before using it.
Variables
<?php
$name = 'elijah';
$yearborn = 1975;
$currentyear = 2005;
$age = $currentyear - $yearborn;
echo ("$name is $age years old.");
?>

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Variables
<?php $name = “Ali"; // declaration ?>
<html>
<head> <title>A simple PHP document</title> </head>
<body style = "font-size: 2em">
 

Welcome to PHP, <?php echo( "$name" ); ?>!
 
</body>
</html>
PHP Variable Scopes
• The scope of a variable is the part of the script where the variable can be
referenced/used.
• PHP has four different variable scopes:
 local
 global
 static
 Parameter
- In chapter function we will talk about theme.
String Variables in PHP
• string variables are used for values that contain characters.
• After we have created a string variable we can manipulate it. A string can be used
directly in a function or it can be stored in a variable.
• In the example below, we create a string variable called txt, then we assign the text
"Hello world!" to it. Then we write the value of the txt variable to the output:
<?php
$txt="Hello world!";
echo $txt;
?>
PHP strings can be specified in four ways
• Single quoted strings will display things almost completely "as is." Variables and most escape
sequences will not be interpreted. The exception is that to display a literal single quote, you
can escape it with a back slash ', and to display a back slash, you can escape it with another
backslash (So yes, even single quoted strings are parsed).
<?php
$txt = ‘my string ‘;
echo $txt; // my string
?>
<?php
$txt = ‘my string ‘;
echo ‘$txt’; // $txt
?>
• Double quote strings will display a host of escaped characters (including some regexes), and
variables in the strings will be evaluated. An important point here is that you can use curly
braces to isolate the name of the variable you want evaluated. For example let's say you have
the variable $type and you what to echo "The $types are" That will look for the
variable $types. To get around this use echo "The {$type}s are" You can put the left brace
before or after the dollar sign. Take a look at string parsing to see how to use array variables
and such.
<?php
$txt = “my string”;
echo $txt; // my string
?>
<?php
$txt = “my string “;
echo “$txt”; // my string
?>
• Heredoc string syntax works like double quoted strings. It starts with <<<. After this operator,
an identifier is provided, then a newline. The string itself follows, and then the same
identifier again to close the quotation. You don't need to escape quotes in this syntax.
• Nowdoc (since PHP 5.3.0) string syntax works essentially like single quoted strings. The
difference is that not even single quotes or backslashes have to be escaped. A nowdoc is
identified with the same <<< sequence used for heredocs, but the identifier which follows is
enclosed in single quotes, e.g. <<<'EOT'. No parsing is done in nowdoc.

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• Heredoc
<?php
$name='MyName';
echo <<<EOT
My name is "$name".
I am printing some A Now,
I am printing some {A}.
This should print a capital 'A': x41
EOT;
?>
My name is "MyName". I am printing some A Now,
This should print a capital 'A': A
• Nowdoc <?php
$name='MyName';
echo <<<'EOT'
My name is "$name".
This should print a capital 'A': x41
EOT;
?>
My name is "$name".
I am printing some {A}. This should print a capital 'A': x41
Single & Double Quotes
<?php
echo “ Hello world ”;
echo ‘ Hello world’;
?>
Single & Double Quotes
<?php
$word = ‘ World’;
echo “ Hello $word ”;
echo ‘ Hello $word ’;
?>
Comments in PHP
• // or # for single line
• /* */ for multiline
• /*
this is my comment one
this is my comment two
this is my comment three
*/
Whitespace
• You cant have any whitespace between <? and
php.
• You cant break apart keywords (e.g :whi le,func
tion,fo r)
• You cant break apart varible names and function
names (e.g:$var name,function f 2)

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The PHP Concatenation Operator
• here is only one string operator in PHP.
• The concatenation operator (.) is used to join two string values together.
• The example below shows how to concatenate two string variables together:
<?php
$txt1="Hello!";
$txt2=" world !";
echo $txt1 . " " . $txt2; // Hello world !
?>
The PHP Concatenation Operator
< ?php
$string1=“Hello”;
$string2=“PHP”;
$string3=$string1 . “ ” . $string2;
Print $string3;
?>
Hello PHP
Escaping the Character
• If the string has a set of double quotation marks that must
remain visible, use the [backslash] before the quotation
marks to ignore and display them.
<?php
$heading=""Computer Science""." ";
$heading1=@"Computer Science";
echo $heading;
"Computer Science"
echo $heading1;
Computer Science
?>
Example
<?php
$foo = 25; // Numerical variable
$bar = “Hello”; // String variable
echo $bar; // Outputs Hello
echo $foo,$bar; // Outputs 25Hello
echo “5x5=”,$foo; // Outputs 5x5=25
echo “5x5=$foo”; // Outputs 5x5=25
echo ‘5x5=$foo’; // Outputs 5x5=$foo
?>
• Notice how echo ‘5x5=$foo’ outputs $foo rather than replacing it with 25
• Strings in single quotes (‘ ’) are not interpreted or evaluated by PHP
• This is true for both variables and character escape-sequences (such as “n” or “”)
Data type
Data type Description
int,
integer
Whole numbers (i.e., numbers without a decimal point).
float,
double
Real numbers (i.e., numbers containing a decimal point).
string Text enclosed in either single ('') or double ("") quotes.
bool,
True or false.
Boolean
array Group of elements of the same type.
object Group of associated data and methods.
Resource An external data source.
NULL No value.
Get type
• gettype — Get the type of a variable
• Returns the type of the PHP variable var.
<?php
$a = 1;
$b = 1.2;
$c = "abc";
echo gettype($a)." ";
echo gettype($b)." ";
echo gettype($c)." ";
?>
integer
double
string

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Set type
<?php
$foo = "5bar"; // string
$bar = true; // boolean
settype($foo, "integer"); // $foo is now 5 (integer)
settype($bar, "string"); // $bar is now "1" (string)
?>
Set type
<?php
$testString = “10.2abc”;
// call function settype to convert variable
// testString to different data types
print( "$testString" );
settype( $testString, "double" );
print( " as a double is $testString " );
print( "$testString" );
settype( $testString, "integer" );
print( " as an integer is $testString " );
settype( $testString, "string" );
print( "Converting back to a string results in
$testString " );
?>
10.2abc as a double is 10.2
10.2 as an integer is 10
Converting back to a string results in 10
Casting Data type
Now using type casting instead:
As a string - 98.6 degrees
As a double - 98.6
As an integer - 98
<?php
$data = "98.6 degrees";
echo "Now using type casting instead: ";
echo "As a string - ".(string) $data ;
echo " As a double - ".(double) $data;
echo " As an integer - ".(integer) $data;
?>
Casting Data type
$variable = (datatype) $variable or value
<?php
$data = "98.6 degrees";
echo "Now using type casting instead: ";
echo "As a string - ".(string) $data ;
echo " As a double - ".(double) $data;
echo " As an integer - ".(integer) $data;
?>
Casting Data type
<?php
$a = “ 12.4 abc”
echo (int) $a;
echo (double) ($a);
echo (float) ($a);
echo (string) ($a);
?>
PHP Operators
• The assignment operator = is used to assign values
to variables in PHP.
• The arithmetic operator + is used to add values
together in PHP.
• Assignment operators
Syntactical shortcuts
Before being assigned values, variables have value undef
• Constants
Named values
define function

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PHP Operators
• Arithmetic Operators
• Assignment Operators
• Incrementing/Decrementing Operators
• Comparison Operators
• Logical Operators
Arithmetic Operators
Operator Name Description Example Result
x + y Addition Sum of x and y 2 + 2 4
x - y Subtraction Difference of x and y 5 - 2 3
x * y Multiplication Product of x and y 5 * 2 10
x / y Division Quotient of x and y 15 / 5 3
x % y Modulus Remainder of x divided by y 5 % 2
10 % 8
10 % 2
1
2
0
- x Negation Opposite of x - 2
a . b Concatenation Concatenate two strings "Hi" . "Ha" HiHa
Assignment Operators
Assignment Same as... Description
x = y x = y The left operand gets set to the value of the expression on the
right
x += y x = x + y Addition
x -= y x = x - y Subtraction
x *= y x = x * y Multiplication
x /= y x = x / y Division
x %= y x = x % y Modulus
a .= b a = a . b Concatenate two strings
Arithmetic Operations
<?php
$a=15;
$b=30;
$total=$a+$b;
echo $total;
echo“<h1>$total</h1>”;
// total is 45
?>
• $a - $b // subtraction
• $a * $b // multiplication
• $a / $b // division
• $a += 5 // $a = $a+5 Also works for *= and /=
Incrementing/Decrementing Operators
Operator Name Description
++ x Pre-increment Increments x by one, then returns x
x ++ Post-increment Returns x, then increments x by one
-- x Pre-decrement Decrements x by one, then returns x
x -- Post-decrement Returns x, then decrements x by one
<?php
$a =1;
echo $a++;
// output 1,$a is now equal to 2
echo ++$a;
echo --$a;
echo $a--;
?>

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<?php
$num1 = 10;
$num2 =20;
// addition
echo $num1+$mum2 . ‘ ’;
//subtraction
echo $num1 - $num2 . ‘ ’;
// multiplication
?>
<?php
// Multiplication
echo $num1* $num2 . ‘ ’;
// Division
Echo $num1/num2 . ‘ ’ ;
//increment
$num1++;
$Num2--;
Echo $num1;
?>
<?php
$a =(int)(‘test’); // $a==0
echo ++$a;
?>
Dumps information about a variable
void var_dump ($expression [,... ] )
• This function displays structured information about one or more expressions that
includes its type and value. Arrays and objects are explored recursively with values
indented to show structure.
<?php
$b = 3.1;
$c = true;
var_dump($b);
var_dump($c);
//or var_dump($b,$c);
?>
float 3.1
boolean true
Comparison Operators
Operator Name Description Example
x == y Equal True if x is equal to y 5==8 returns false
x === y Identical True if x is equal to y, and they are of same
type
5==="5" returns false
x != y Not equal True if x is not equal to y 5!=8 returns true
x <> y Not equal True if x is not equal to y 5<>8 returns true
x !== y Not identical True if x is not equal to y, or they are not of
same type
5!=="5" returns true
x > y Greater than True if x is greater than y 5>8 returns false
x < y Less than True if x is less than y 5<8 returns true
x >= y Greater than or equal to True if x is greater than or equal to y 5>=8 returns false
x <= y Less than or equal to True if x is less than or equal to y 5<=8 returns true
Comparison Operators
<?php
var_dump(0 == "a"); // 0 == 0 -> true
var_dump("1" != "01"); // 1 != 1 -> false
var_dump("10" == "1e1"); // 10 == 10 -> true
var_dump("10" == "1ee1"); // 10 == 1 -> false
var_dump(100 === "100"); // 100 == 100 -> false
var_dump("100" === "100"); // 100 == 100 -> true
?>
boolean true
boolean false
boolean true
boolean false
boolean false
boolean true

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Logical Operators
Operator Name Description Example
x and y And True if both x and y are true x=6
y=3
(x < 10 and y > 1) returns true
x or y Or True if either or both x and y are true x=6
y=3
(x==6 or y==5) returns true
x xor y Xor True if either x or y is true, but not both x=6
y=3
(x==6 xor y==3) returns false
x && y And True if both x and y are true x=6
y=3
(x < 10 && y > 1) returns true
x || y Or True if either or both x and y are true x=6
y=3
(x==5 || y==5) returns false
! x Not True if x is not true x=6
y=3
!(x==y) returns true
Logical Operators
<?php
$a = (false && true);
$b = (true || false);
$c = (false and flase);
$d = (true or true);
$e = false || true;
$f = false or true;
var_dump($e, $f);
$g = true && false;
$h = true and false;
var_dump($g, $h);
?>
boolean true
boolean false
boolean false
boolean true
Define function - constant VALUE
• Variable name as string : the name of variable in single or double quotation
.
<?php
define(‘variable ’,10);
echo variable ; //10
?>
define( variable name as string , value );
<?php
$a = 5;
print( "The value of variable a is $a " );
// define constant VALUE
define( "VALUE", 5 );
// add constant VALUE to variable $a
$a = $a + VALUE;
print( "Variable a after adding constant VALUE
is $a " );
// multiply variable $a by 2
$a *= 2;
print( "Multiplying variable a by 2 yields $a " );
// test if variable $a is less than 50
if ( $a < 50 )
print( "Variable a is less than 50 " );
// add 40 to variable $a
$a += 40;
print( "Variable a after adding 40 is $a " );
// test if variable $a is 50 or less
if ( $a < 51 )
print( "Variable a is still 50 or less " );
// test if variable $a is between 50 and 100, inclusive
elseif ( $a < 101 )
print( "Variable a is now between 50 and 100, inclusive " );
else
print( "Variable a is now greater than 100 " );
// print an uninitialized variable
print( "Using a variable before initializing:
$nothing " );
// add constant VALUE to an uninitialized variable
$test = $num + VALUE;
print( "An uninitialized variable plus constant
VALUE yields $test " );
// add a string to an integer
$str = "3 dollars";
$a += $str;
print( "Adding a string to variable a yields $a
 " );
?>

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Referencing Operators
• We know the assignment operators work by value ,by copy the value to other
expression ,if the value in right hand change the value in left is not change .
• Ex:
<?php
$a =10;
$b =$a;
$b =20
Echo $a; // 10
?>
Referencing Operators
• But we can change the value of variable $a by the reference , that mena connect
right hand to left hand ,
• Example:
<?php
$a =10;
$b = &$a;
$b= 20;
echo $a; // 20
?>
PHP Conditional Statements
 Very often when you write code, you want to perform different
actions for different decisions. You can use conditional statements in
your code to do this.
 In PHP we have the following conditional statements:
 if statement - executes some code only if a specified condition is true
 if...else statement - executes some code if a condition is true and another code if
the condition is false
 if...else if....else statement - selects one of several blocks of code to be executed
 switch statement - selects one of many blocks of code to be executed
The if Statement
• The if statement is used to execute some code only if a specified condition is true.
<?php
$t=5;
if ($t<10)
{
echo "hello john";
}
?>
hello john
if (condition)
{
code to be executed if condition is true;
}
The if...else Statement
• Use the if....else statement to execute some code if a condition is true and another
code if the condition is false.
if (condition)
{
}
else
{
code to be executed if condition is false;
}
The if...else Statement
<?php
$t=55;
if ($t<20)
{
echo "Have a good day!";
}
else
{
echo "Have a good night!";
}
?>
Have a good night!

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The if...else if....else Statement
• Use the if....else if...else statement to select one of several blocks of code to be
executed.
if (condition)
{
}
else if (condition)
{
}
else
{
code to be executed if condition is false;
}
The if...else if....else Statement
<?php
$t=7;
if ($t<10)
{
echo "Have a good morning!";
}
else if ($t<20)
{
echo "Have a good day!";
}
else
{
echo "Have a good night!";
}
?>
Have a good morning!
The switch Statement
• Use the switch statement to select one of many blocks of code to be executed.
switch (n)
{
case label1:
code to be executed if n=label1;
break;
case label2:
code to be executed if n=label2;
break;
default:
code to be executed if n is different from both
label1 and label2;
}
The switch Statement
<?php
$favcolor="red";
switch ($favcolor)
{
case "red":
echo "Your favorite color is red!";
break;
case "blue":
echo "Your favorite color is blue!";
break;
case "green":
echo "Your favorite color is green!";
break;
default:
echo "Your favorite color is neither red, blue, or green!";
}
?>
Your favorite color is red!
PHP Loops
• Loops execute a block of code a specified number of times, or while a specified
condition is true.
• In PHP, we have the following looping statements:
• while - loops through a block of code while a specified condition is true
• do...while - loops through a block of code once, and then repeats the loop as
long as a specified condition is true
• for - loops through a block of code a specified number of times
• foreach - loops through a block of code for each element in an array
The while Loop
• The while loop executes a block of code while a condition is true.
while (condition)
{
code to be executed;
}
The number is 1
The number is 2
The number is 3
The number is 4
The number is 5
<?php
$i=1;
while($i<=5)
{
echo "The number is " . $i . " ";
$i++;
}
?>

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The do...while Statement
• The do...while statement will always execute the block of code once, it will then
check the condition, and repeat the loop while the condition is true.
d o
{
}
while (conditio<n?)p; hp
$i=1;
do
{
$i++;
}
while ($i<=5);
?>
The number is 2
The number is 3
The number is 4
The number is 5
The number is 6
The do...while Statement
<?php
$i=1;
do
{
$i++;
}
while ($i<=5);
?> The number is 2
The number is 3
The number is 4
The number is 5
The number is 6
The for Loop
• The for loop is used when you know in advance how many times the script should
run.
for (init; condition; increment)
{
}
• Parameters:
• init: Mostly used to set a counter (but can be any code to be executed once at
the beginning of the loop)
The for Loop
• condition: Evaluated for each loop iteration. If it evaluates to TRUE,
the loop continues. If it evaluates to FALSE, the loop ends.
• increment: Mostly used to increment a counter (but can be any code
to be executed at the end of the iteration)
• Note: The init and increment parameters above can be empty or
have multiple expressions (separated by commas).
The for Loop
<?php
for ($i=1; $i<=5; $i++)
{
}
?> The number is 1
The number is 2
The number is 3
The number is 4
The number is 5
The foreach Loop
• The foreach loop is used to loop through arrays.
• We well talk about this in chapter array

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Isset Function
• bool isset ( $var )
• Determine if a variable is set and is not NULL.
• If a variable has been unset with unset(), it will no longer be set. isset() will
return FALSE if testing a variable that has been set to NULL. Also note that
a NULLbyte ("0") is not equivalent to the PHP NULL constant.
• If multiple parameters are supplied then isset() will return TRUE only if all of the
parameters are set. Evaluation goes from left to right and stops as soon as an
unset variable is encountered.
Isset Function
<?php
$var = '';
// This will evaluate to TRUE so the text will be printed.
if (isset($var))
{
echo "This var is set so I will print.";
}
?>
Unset Function
• void unset ( $var)
• unset() destroys the specified variables.
• The behavior of unset() inside of a function can vary depending on what type of
variable you are attempting to destroy.
• If a globalized variable is unset() inside of a function, only the local variable is
destroyed. The variable in the calling environment will retain the same value as
before unset() was called.
unset Function
<?php
$foo = 'bar';
echo $foo;
unset($foo);
echo $foo;
?>
Info PHP Page
<?php
phpinfo();
?>
Goto
<?php
goto a;
echo 'Foo';
a:
echo 'Bar';
?>
<?php
for($i=0,$j=50; $i<100; $i++) {
while($j--) {
if($j==17) goto end;
}
}
echo "i = $i";
end:
echo 'j hit 17';
?>

9/17/2014
16
Chapter Example
if/else if/else statement
<?php
if ($foo == 0) {
echo ‘The variable foo is equal to 0’;
}
else if (($foo > 0) && ($foo <= 5)) {
echo ‘The variable foo is between 1 and 5’;
}
else {
echo ‘The variable foo is equal to ‘.$foo;
}
?>
Switch Statment
<?php
$count=0;
switch($count)
{
case 0:
echo “hello PHP3. ”;
break;
case 1:
break;
default:
break;
}
?>
hello PHP3
Switch - Example
<?php
$total = 0;
$i = 2;
switch($i) {
case 6: $total = 99; break;
case 1: $total += 1;break;
case 2:$total += 2;break;
case 3: $total += 3; ;break;
case 4:$total += 4; break;
default : $total += 5;break;
}
echo $total;
?>
2
For Loop
<?php
$count=0;
for($count = 0;$count <3,$count++)
{
Print “hello PHP. ”;
}
?>
hello PHP. hello PHP. hello PHP.
For - Example
<?php
for ($i = 1; $i <= 10; $i++) {
echo $i;
}
?>

9/17/2014
17
For-Example
<?php
$brush_price = 5;
echo "<table border="1" align="center">";
echo "<tr><th>Quantity</th>";
echo "<th>Price</th></tr>";
for ( $counter = 10; $counter <= 100; $counter += 10)
{
echo "<tr><td>";
echo $counter;
echo "</td><td>";
echo $brush_price * $counter;
echo "</td></tr>";
}
echo "</table>";
?>
While Loop
<?php
$count=0;
while($count<3)
{
echo “hello PHP. ”;
$count += 1;
// $count = $count + 1;
// or
// $count++;
}
?>
While - Example
<?php
$i = 0;
while ($i++ < 5)
{
echo “loop number : “.$i;
}
?>
Do ... While Loop
<?php
$count=0;
do
{
echo “hello PHP. ”;
$count += 1;
// $count = $count + 1;
// or
// $count++;
}
while($count<3);
?>
Do..While
<?php
$i = 0;
do {
echo $i;
} while ($i > 0);
?>
For..If
<?php
$rows = 4;
echo '<table><tr>';
for($i = 0; $i < 10; $i++){
echo '<td>' . $i . '</td>';
if(($i + 1) % $rows == 0){
echo '</tr><tr>';
}
}
echo '</tr></table>';
?>

9/17/2014
18
For
<?php
//this is a different way to use the 'for'
//Essa é uma maneira diferente de usar o 'for'
for($i = $x = $z = 1; $i <= 10;$i++,$x+=2,$z=&$p){
$p = $i + $x;
echo "$i = $i , $x = $x , $z = $z ";
}
?>
Nested For
<?php
for($a=0;$a<10;$a++){
for($b=0;$b<10;$b++){
for($c=0;$c<10;$c++){
for($d=0;$d<10;$d++){
echo $a.$b.$c.$d.", ";
}
}
}
}
?>
While - Switch
<?php
$i = 0;
while (++$i) {
switch ($i) {
case 5:
echo "At 5 n";
break 1; /* Exit only the switch. */
case 10:
echo "At 10; quitting n";
break 2; /* Exit the switch and the while. */
default:
break;
}
}
?>
Continue
<?php
for ($i = 0; $i < 5; ++$i) {
if ($i == 2)
continue
print "$in";
}
?>
If - Switch
<?php
$i = 1;
if ($i == 0) {
echo "i equals 0";
} elseif ($i == 1) {
echo "i equals 1";
} elseif ($i == 2) {
echo "i equals 2";
}
switch ($i) {
case 0:
echo "i equals 0";
break;
case 1:
echo "i equals 1";
break;
case 2:
echo "i equals 2";
break;
}
?>
Do..While - IF
<?php
do {
if ($i < 5) {
echo "i is not big enough";
break;
}
$i *= $factor;
if ($i < $minimum_limit) {
break;
}
echo "i is ok";
/* process i */
} while (0);
?>

9/17/2014
19
If in other style
<?php
$hour = 11;
echo $foo = ($hour < 12) ? "Good morning!" : "Good
afternoon!";
?>

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