Various forms of Art- VTU

20th Feb, 2018
THEORY OF ARCHITECTURE-1
15 ARC 2.6
Seminar 1

Module 1
Definition of Art and role of Art in
Society:
• Role and meaning of art, various
types of arts
• fine arts, performing arts,
commercial arts, industrial arts,
folk arts, abstract art, visual arts,
spatial arts, temporal arts, pop art
etc.,
• Relationship of architecture with
other arts like Painting and
Sculpture.
Agenda
• Student’s understanding
• Seminar
• Discussion
• Questions
• Reading for the next session
Theory of Architecture-I 15 ARC 2.6
Ar. Bhoomika Brahmbhatt

ETYMOLOGY
“Art” is related to the Latin word “ars” meaning, art, skill, or craft. The
first known use of the word art comes from 13th century manuscripts.
Oxford meaning
The expression or application of human creative skill and imagination,
typically in a visual form such as painting or sculpture, producing
works to be appreciated primarily for their beauty or emotional
power.
AN ACTIVITY THROUGH WHICH PEOPLE EXPRESS PARTICULAR IDEAS
Rene Magritte
Art evokes the mystery without which the
world would not exist.
Frank Lloyd Wright
Art is a discovery and development of
elementary principles of nature into
beautiful forms suitable for human use.
Thomas Merton
Art enables us to find ourselves and lose
ourselves at the same time.
Edgar Degas
Art is not what you see, but what you make
others see.
Few Quotes

• ART of
communication
• Art if way of looking
at things
• Art is a form of
expression
• Art is perception
• Art is an Idea
• Art is an inspiration

Any human activity that requires skill and imagination for its production of beauty
is considered as an art. Art is both static and dynamic . The static art delight in
order and proportion . It deal with space and result in fine architecture and
paintings . The dynamic art delight in movements and rhythm. It deal with time
and result in music ,poetry and dance. Painting and dance appeals to the eye,
music to the ears and poetry to the mind .
Architecture is the most comprehensive of all arts and claims to be superior to all
the arts . It assimilate and translate all these beauties and faculties in to an elegant
building .

What is ART for and what does it do?
There are five purposes for visual art:
Ceremonial,
Artistic Expression,
Narrative,
Functional
and Persuasive.

Personal Function
Arts are vehicles for the artists’ expression of
their feelings and ideas. The arts also serve as
means of expression for us.
Social Functions
One cannot conceive of a society without art, for
art is closely related to every aspect of social life.
Arts perform a social function when:
1. Influences Social Behavior
It seeks or tends to influence the collective
behavior of a people. (Guernica by Pablo
Picasso)
2. Display and Celebration
It is created to be seen or used primarily in
public situation.
3. Social Description
It expresses or describes social or collective
aspects of existence as opposed to individual and
personal kind of experiences.

W A Y S O F D E F I N I N G A R T
There are as many ways to define art as there are people in the universe, and each definition is influenced by the
unique perspective of that person, as well as by their own personality and character.
Representation/replicating-
copying or imitating
Any work of art “you can tell what
it is”
Expression- artwork expressing a
definite feeling, as in the sublime
or dramatic. Audience response
was important, for the artwork
was intended to evoke an
emotional response.
Form-Formal qualities became
particularly important when art
became more abstract in the 20th
century, and the principles of art
and design - terms such as
balance, rhythm, harmony, unity -
were used to define and assess art.

Visual arts
ceramics,
drawing,
painting,
sculpture,
printmaking,
design,
crafts,
photography,
video,
filmmaking, and
architecture.
Performing arts
Music
Theatre
Dance
Literary arts
Written or oral
Poetry
Prose
Drama

Visual Arts are limited to artworks that were made to be experienced thru viewing.
The visual arts are art forms such as ceramics, drawing, painting, sculpture, printmaking, design, crafts, photography, video,
filmmaking, and architecture. Many artistic disciplines (performing arts, conceptual art, textile arts) involve aspects of the visual
arts as well as arts of other types.
Fine Arts are artworks that were made skillfully. It is also an academic study in making a person become a skillful artist.
Historically, the five main fine arts were painting, sculpture, architecture, music, and poetry, with performing arts including
theatre and dance. Today, the fine arts commonly include additional forms, such as film, photography, video production/editing,
design, sequential art, conceptual art, and printmaking.
FINE ART
a) Visual Arts (as ceramics, drawing, painting, sculpture, printmaking, design, crafts, photography, video, filmmaking, and
architecture.
Decorative arts- ceramics, furniture and interior design, jewelry making, metal crafting, and woodworking.
a) Auditory Arts (music, drama, spoken literature, etc.)
b) Performance Arts (can be either visual, auditory, or a combination of the two, but they are performed)

Visual art are the art forms that focus on the creation of works that are primarily
visual in nature such as paintings , photography ,film making , print and pattern
making . Those that involve 3D objects as sculpture and architecture and also have
a visual dimension to them are called plastic arts.
Many artistic disciplines like performing art and culinary art also involve aspects of
visual arts. Current uses of visual art include fine art as well as crafts. Before the
arts and crafts movements i.e. in the beginning of 20th century visual artists were
considered as person working in fine art and not on craft ,handicraft or applied art
skill.
Visual art

Those visual arts that involve the usage of material that can be moulded in 3D , for
example clay , paint and plastic . Materials that can b e carved or shaped such as
stone , concrete or steel . Plastic art may also be referred to architecture ,glass and
ceramic art .
Plastic art

Commercial arts- Art created to commercial constraints.
Commercial art is art that is created to commercial constraints such as marketing goals. Where fine art is purely a result of the
inspiration of the artist, commercial art is based on some level of business or functional requirements. The following are common
types of commercial art.

Promotion & Advertising
Paintings, illustrations, photographs and media created for promotions and advertising.
Visual Branding
Art used for visual branding such as logos or a brand mascot.
Publishing & Web Design
Covers, illustrations and graphic elements for magazines, books and web sites.
Decorative Arts
Art used to decorate products and interiors.
Ornamental Art
Art used in architecture.
Packaging Design
Art used in the packaging of products.
Environments
Commercial environments that resemble installation art such as adisplay window.
Communication
Graphic designs that communicate information such as signs.
Fashion Design
The design of fashion to fit requirements such as to meet demand for a current trend.
Entertainment
Entertainment such as movies that are produced to commercial requirements. Film can also be considered a fine art if it is created from the inspiration of the
creative talent involved.
Game Art
The design of characters and environments for games.

Industrial arts
The practical arts, such as engineering, metalworking or carpentry. The teaching of the knowledge and skills needed to work with tools and
machinery.
• It is an umbrella term used in the 20th century to describe an educational programme which featured fabrication of object in wood or
metal using a variety of hand power or machine tools. It also covered topics such as small engine repair and automobile maintenance . It is
also known by the term shop class . These programme expose students to the basic of home repair , manual craftsmanship and machine
safety . Most industries art programmes focus on a board range of skill rather than specific vocational activities .

Folk arts
Folk art is an expression of the
world's traditional cultures. FOLK ART
is rooted in traditions that come from
community and culture – expressing
cultural identity by conveying shared
community values and aesthetics.
Art produced from an indigenous
culture or by peasants or other
laboring tradespeople. In contrast to
fine art, folk art is primarily utilitarian
and decorative rather than purely
aesthetic.
Madhubani/Mithila art Miniature paintingsKalamkari Tanjore painting
Warli art
Painting on the
walls of a house

Folk art describe wide range of object that reflected the craft traditions
and traditional values . It is generally produced by the people who have
little or no academic training nor a desire to follow fine art . They use
established techniques and style of a particular region and culture . Along
with paintings , sculpture , other decorative art form and some utilitarian
objects such as tools and costumes making is included in folk art . It is
not influenced by moments in academic or fine art circle and exclude
works executed by professionals .

• Art in which action of an
individual or a group at a
particular place and time ,
• constitute the work . It can
happen any where at any time
or for any length of time . It
• can be any situation that
involve four basic element i.e.
time , space , performing
• body and the audience . It
include theatre , dance , music
and circus related things like
• fire breathing , jigging and
gymnastics .
Theory of Architecture-I 15 ARC 2.6 Ar. Bhoomika Brahmbhatt

Abstract art
Abstract art (sometimes called nonobjective art) is a
painting or sculpture that does not depict a person, place,
or thing in the natural world. With abstract art, the subject
of the work is based on what you see: color, shapes,
brushstrokes, size, scale, and, in some cases, the process
itself, as in action painting.
Abstract artists strive to be non-objective and non-
representational, allowing the viewer to interpret each
artwork's meaning in their own way.
"Of all the arts, abstract painting is the most difficult. It
demands that you know how to draw well, that you have a
heightened sensitivity for composition and for colors, and
that you be a true poet. This last is essential." –Wassily
Kandinsky.

The art that does not depict object in the natural word but instead uses colour
and forms in a non representational way . In an abstract art all you see are colour ,
lines , patterns geometrical shapes and so on . it is an art that does not depict any
recognizable scenes and objects , but instead is made up of forms and colour that
exist for their own expressive sake. There are two type of abstract paintings . First type
of abstract painting portrays objects that have been abstracted from the nature.
Although what you see may not look realistic .
It is close enough that we can get idea of what we are looking at . Second type of
abstract paintings refers to a pure abstract art , it is even more difficult to
understand . Such paintings do not reflect any form . Much decorated art thus can
be described as abstract art . Abstract art is full of hidden meaning .

Spatial arts
Spatial design is a relatively new conceptual design discipline
that crosses the boundaries of traditional design specialisms
such as architecture, landscape architecture, landscape
design, interior design and service design as well as certain
areas of public art.

It is related to space i.e. creating space , manipulating of space to intimate space or
producing monumental space etc. Illusion of space can be created with the use of
mirrored surface . How to make a very large space at power with human scale . It can
bring down a large space to a small space or small space look larger . Spatial art also
involves economical and efficient use of space to full fill the requirements . Use of
glass instead of opaque surface visually increase the space . Space under the stairs
and bridge which we discard other wise can be used effectively . To create the illusion
of a corridor a painting on the dead wall can be made . A spatial work is created
once .

Temporal arts
Temporal Art refers to an art work
that has only temporary existence
as the medium it is made in. An
example of temporal art is ice
sculpture. Live performance of art
or temporary installations may be
cited as other examples of this art
form.

It is a time bound art . It has a beginning and an ending . This art can be created over
and over . Temporal art is short lived i.e. it is not permanent . The art form can be
passed down to every generation but the art itself disappears as soon as the art
stops or medium decayed .
The examples are balloon figures , ice sculpture , culinary
dishes and displays .
Pandals , fairs , exhibition , back ground for stage , film set etc are some more
examples of temporal art .
Music , songs and dance that are called performing art are temporal art as well. They
are created by human beings but when human beings stop performing the art
disappeared .
This examples of temporal art for song , dance and acting has been modified some
what by the advent of modern technology phonograph , tape recorder and film .
These modern mechanisms have been able to preserve art for listening or viewing by
future generation .
It is different from plastic art such as architecture , sculpture and paintings etc that
are permanent .

Pop art
Pop Art was a style of modern art in the
1960's that used the imagery of mass-media,
mass-production and mass-culture. The term
Pop-Art was invented by British curator
Lawrence Alloway in 1955, to describe a new
form of "Popular" art - a movement
characterized by the imagery of consumerism
and popular culture.
The movement presented a challenge to
traditions of fine art by including imagery
from popular and mass culture, such
as advertising, comic books and mundane
cultural objects.

Pop art is the abbreviation for popular art , a style that emerged as a direct response
to abstract expressionism . This style emerged in U.S and U.K during 1950 and was
inspired by everyday object and bright colours . So that every one could appreciate and
enjoy it . Pop art does not have secret and mysteries like abstract art . Pop art had a
great sense of humour . It was not full of hidden meaning like abstract art .
It used advertising imaginary , photography and ordinary element of consumerism
like soap , cans , cereal boxes etc to make it more connected to people . Red , blue ,
yellow were the dominant colours used during pop art . Pop art is used in painting
card , calendars , T – shirts , posters etc . Logos for the product , comics and
cartooning were the result of pop art.
Andy Warhol and Richard Hamilton were best known pop artists.

Art and Architecture
Art is anything and everything that’s creative. Both art and
architecture are connected in a sense that art is an ocean and
architecture is a river that connects to it. The observation is
relatively simple to grasp. For example, a sculpture is a piece of
art and interior design that gives the sculpture focus could be
the architecture. Architecture is a small part of art and
architects try to combine both to creatively enhance the inside
or outside of a structure.
When you look at both art and architecture, you’ll notice that architecture does all
the hard work and art does the job of perfecting it. Art can be viewed in 2D or 3D
as a stationary object, but architecture can be traveled through, which adds a 4th
dimension. Think of architecture as a bog-standard Christmas tree and art as the
tree decorations. Architecture (Christmas tree) does the hard work of holding art
(decorations) in place so they can both work together to create a masterpiece.

RELATIONSHIP OF ARCHITECTUREWITHOTHERARTSLIKEPAINTINGSAND SCULPTURE:-
• Since the time of Vitruvius architects have been expected to possess broad knowledge of
art and science .
• Social transformation and cultural evolution of a particular period is displayed through
the use of paintings and sculptures .
• Paintings is the art of 2 –dimensional surface while architecture and sculpture exist in 3-D
• To spread a certain message to the people and social the wall of the school , colleges and
hospitals are painted .
• To understand the type or kind of people living during certain era , art and architecture is
important to study these aspects . A person’s personality , liking and disliking can be
understood by the kind of surrounding / environment one lives in .
• Architecture is functional . It exist to be inhabited . Architecture creates space while
sculpture creates objects , resulting the significance difference between the scale of the
two .
• Paintings and sculpture often exist as an integral element with in a work of architecture ,
for examples ; the statue of the façade of Romanesque and Gothic cathedrals or
Iconography on the wall of temples .
• Sculpture is a more autonomous medium .
The work of architecture are seldom created in the absence of any formal application of
paintings and sculptures .
• Eiffel Tower is a sculpture work of the architecture . It is an immense inhabitable
sculpture .
• Modern architecture is functional and has little need for sculpture .
• Paintings can be in the form of fresco and murals on the walls of the buildings . Stained
glass can be used for windows .
• Paintings , sculpture and architecture are the forms of plastic art and these are the
permanent in nature . Theory of Architecture-I 15 ARC 2.6

Various forms of Art- VTU

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