Formação de professores, workshop, FISK

1. Workshop IV
“Introdução à Fonética: símbolos
e pronúncia”
Bruna Moreno e Ualisson
Lemes

2. “Dentro das instituições que dizem adotar a
abordagem comunicativa,parece não haver
consenso a respeito da importância do ensino
dessa habilidade [pronúncia] para a
aprendizagem. Enquanto um número de
professores de Inglês como LE acreditam que o
ensino da pronúncia seja uma prática
ultrapassada e conservadora, dando mais
importância ao ato de comunicar em si,outros já
concebem o ensino da pronuncia como um
aspecto essencial para garantir o sucesso da
capacitação do aluno.”

3. Hoje se compreende que o ensino de
pronúncia deve seguir um caminho mais
balanceado. Tendo clara a importância tanto
de reconhecer sons com alta carga funcional,
ou seja, distintivos (como a vogal em least
and list), quanto de reconhecer aspectos
suprasegmentais, como entonação e
tonicidade.

4. Phone: One of many possible sounds in the
languages of the world. The smallest
identifiable unit found in a stream of speech.
E.g.: [p]
Phoneme: A contrastive unit in the sound
system of a particular language. A minimal
segmental unit that serves to distinguish
between meanings of words.
E.g.: /p/

5. Allophones: An allophone is a phonetic variant
of a phoneme in a particular language. There
are different phones representing the same
phoneme.
E.g.:
[ph] inicial position, as in pat
/p/
[p] following a initial /s/,
not aspirated, as in spin
[p ] final position, lips remain
closed and the the /p/
unreleased, as in cup

7. Sound Examples Sound Examples
1. /b/ boy, cab 13. /ʒ/ leisure, beige
2. /p/ pie, lip 14. /ʃ/ shy, dish
3. /d/ dog, bed 15. /h/ his, ahead
4. /t/ toe, cat 16. /tʃ/ cheek, watch
5. /g/ go, beg 17. /dʒ/ joy, budge
6. /k/ cat, back 18. /m/ me, seem
7. /v/ view, love 19. /n/ no, sun
8. /f/ fill, life 20. /ŋ/ sing, singer
9. /ð/ the, bathe 21. /l/ long, full
10. /θ/ thin, bath 22. /r/ run, car
11. /z/ zoo, goes 23. /w/ win, away
12. /s/ see, bus 24. /j/ you, soya

8. How do you pronounce this word?
ghoti

9. /fɪʃ/
Explanation:
gh = /f/ as in tough and rough
o = /ɪ/ as in womem
ti = /ʃ/ as in nation
Invented by George Bernard Shaw

10. Shoe Ocean
Sugar Nauseous
Issue Conscious
Mansion Chaperon
Mission Schist
Nation Fuschia
Suspicion Pshaw

11. Consonant phonemes can be distinguished
along three main dimensions:
1. Voicing: whether or not the vocal cords are
vibrating
/s/ voiceless
/z/ voiced

12. 2. Place of Articulation:
Air passes through the oral cavity (mouth) or
the nasal passageway (nose), or through
both.
articulator: movable part of the articulatory
system (mainly the lower lip and various
parts of the tongue)
place of articulation: Where the contact with
the articulators occurs

13. The Articulatory System

14.  The places of articulation summarized:
Bilabial:
produced with the two lips.
Labiodental:
produced with the upper teeth and inner lower
lip
Dental:
produced with the tongue tip on or near the
inner surface of the upper teeth

15. Alveolar:
produced with the tongue tip on or near the
tooth ridge
Palatal:
produced with the tongue blade or body near
the hard palate
Velar:
produced with the tongue body on or near the
soft palate
Glottal:
Produced by air passing from the windpipe
through the vocal cords

16. 3. Manner of articulation:
Level of obstruction in the air flow as it encounters
the obstacles of the speech organs.
Stop: the airstream is stopped completely prior to
release
Fricative: air is forced through a narrow
passageway criating friction
Affricate: the sound begins as a stop and is then
released as a fricative
Nasal: continuous air is released through the nasal
cavity while the speech organs assume a stop
like position
Approximant: the airstream moves around the
tongue in a relatively unobstructed way. They
are of two kinds: the liquids and the
glides(semivowels).

17. Vowel:
the peak of the syllable, which mightbe
composed of a single vowel.
all voiced.
relatively unobstructed air flow
changes in shape and size of the oral cavity
three types:
1. Simple vowels
2. Glides
3. Diphtongs

19. Parts of the tongue involved:
Front, central, back
Positions of the tongue:
High, mid, low
Position of the lips:
Rounded, spread, neutral