This presentation was given by Kristie Drucza (CIMMYT / WHEAT) on February 28, 2019, as part of the webinar 'Changing gender norms in agriculture projects - What works in Pakistan and Ethiopia'. The webinar was co-organized by the CGIAR Collaborative Platform for Gender Research and the CGIAR Research Program on WHEAT.
Read more about this webinar at: https://gender.cgiar.org/webinar-norms-pakistan-ethiopia/
Find out about other webinars hosted by the CGIAR Collaborative Platform for Gender Research: http://gender.cgiar.org/gender_events/webinars/
Understanding gender in wheat-based livelihoods for enhanced WHEAT R4D impact in Afghanistan, Pakistan and Ethiopia
1. Understanding gender in wheat-
based livelihoods for enhanced
WHEAT R4D impact in
Afghanistan, Pakistan and Ethiopia
Dr. Kristie Drucza - k.drucza@cgiar.org
CGIAR gender
28/2/19
BMZ funded
2. 3 year R4D project - went for 4
years - 2014-2018
3. Social
Norms
Boudet, et al. 2012
Group beliefs about appropriate
behavior and expected actions for
members.
Can refer to the ideas held by a
group of individuals and the actions
they elicit in individuals;
and how individuals are sanctioned
by their surrounding community if
they break a social norm.
4. Gender Norms
Represent perspectives on what gender
relations ‘should be like’ and how
individuals of particular genders ‘should
behave.’
Typically operate on an ideological level
and an individual level.
Often connect to broader social norms.
Marcus, 2014
6. Meta-analysis research questions
• What approaches and interventions affect change in
gender-related social norms? What doesn’t work?
• What insights into how efficacy was, or was not
achieved can be identified?
8. Methodology: second round inclusion
criteria
Rigor of Methods
Quantitative
Sampling
Qualitative
Treatment
Evidence for
Findings
Gender Included
in Evaluation
None
Section on Gender
Woven
Throughout
Social Norm
Change (Outcome)
None
Claimed
Present
11. Country context
Pakistan Ethiopia
Population (mil) 197 105
GDP growth% 5.7 10.2
2018 Global Hunger Index
(119 countries)
93 106
FHH 10.9% 26.1%
2017 GII UNDP
(160 countries)
133 121
Labor force participation Male 82.7%
Female 25%
Male 87%
Female 77%
Work
hours per day
Men 8-10
Women 12-17
Men 6-9
Women 13-17
Religion 95-98% Muslim Ethiopian Orthodox 43.5%,
Muslim 33.9%, Protestant 18.5%,
other.
13. Similarities
Multi-intervention/component
design to capture different change
pathways
High level goals and targets. ToC
Indicators of change + importance
of monitoring/feedback
Factor gender norms into designs -
Overcome participation/mobility
barriers, women in groups
Work with men, boys and
communities. Train staff
Social
empowerment/participatory/social
transformative method
Evaluation ToR must include a
gender learning focused question
Poor rigor in evaluation methods
(qant and qual). Mixed methods
Gender should be mainstreamed
throughout the evaluation report
Long term?
14. Audience questions
Are people more interested in what
works for programming or what works
to build an evidence base and why?
Where are you located and do our
findings resonate with your work?
15. Thank you
for your
interest!
Photo Credits (top left to bottom right): Julia Cumes/CIMMYT, Awais
Yaqub/CIMMYT, CIMMYT archives, Marcelo Ortiz/CIMMYT, David
Hansen/University of Minnesota, CIMMYT archives, CIMMYT archives
(maize), Ranak Martin/CIMMYT, CIMMYT archives.
Notes de l'éditeur
Structure: Talk a little bit about the project, introduce the country contexts, methodology, hand over to Emily and then Sidra, short discussion on similarities and Q and A.yes – how long will this take?
We were after strong findings, where gender is strongly included, AND social norm change is present
Many had a single section on gender combined by adjectives to farmers, but not clear on it the data was only talking about men in other sections or men AND women.
We wanted to look at best cases so we can lay out some steps to walk in.
Rigor of methods:
Quantitative sample
What was the quantitative sampling strategy? Did strata include women or female-headed households? Was it statistically representative? Are sampling methods and survey procedures explained?
Qualitative treatment
How was their qualitative sample taken? Did it involve women? Is qualitative data presented in a systematic and rigorous manner?
Evidence for findings
Is their analysis and presentation of evidence credible? Are the results disaggregated by sex? Are evaluative claims supported by empirical data?
Gender Included in evaluation
None
No substantive mention or exploration of gender or women in the document
Section on gender
Is there a section in the evaluation on gender? Is this the only place where women and/or gender is discussed?
Woven throughout
Is the differential impact of the project on men and women continuously disaggregated throughout the document? Is terminology gender sensitive (e.g. “women” used as an adjective to farmers only in the gender section)? Are results explored by different head-of-household type?
Social Norm Change
None
No mention of social norms in the document
Claimed
Did the project claim to change social norms but struggle to provide credible evidence of change that can be linked to the program?
Present
Did the project change social norms and provide credible evidence of social-norm changes that are linked to the program?