This presentation by Arnaldo Carneiro Filho from the Nature Conservancy explains what the forest code is, how it relates to landscapes and how it can help ensuring sustainable forestry.

1. Brazilian Forests:!
back to landscapes!?!
Challenges and Strategies for
Forest Code!
Implementation
Arnaldo Carneiro Filho!
Brazil!
November, 2013

2. Total Area: 850 MHa
534.4 Mha of natural vegetation
!
147 Mha of protected area called Conservation
Units and APAs
105 Mha of indigenous reserves
251 Mha of natural vegetation on farms (APPs
and Legal Reserve)
31.4 Mha of other natural vegetation areas
60 Mha of agriculture and
planted forests
!
59 Mha of urbanization
and other uses
198 Mha of pastures
Sources: Projeto Monitoramento dos Biomas Brasileiros/Ministry of Environment (MMA); IBGE – PAM (2010) and Agricultural Census (2006); INPE –
TerraClass; Agricultural Land Use and Expansion Model Brazil - AgLUE-BR (Gerd Sparovek, ESALQ-USP); AgroIcone

3. Deforestation Rates in Brazilian Amazon and Cerrado:
Observed and Targets for 2020
Deforestation Rates
NPCC Targets
3.000.000
Amazon
•
Amazon
Cerrado
•
2.250.000
•
•
•
1.500.000
•
942000
750.000
390700
0
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Source: INPE-PRODES (Amazon); UFG-LAPIG (Cerrado).
NPCC: National Policy on Climate Change
2020
The scenario of uncontrolled Amazon
deforestation has passed
Illegal deforestation has strongly
dropped (although no numbers on
legal and illegal deforestation are
available)
Deforestation continues falling but at
lower decreasing rates
Current deforestation rate is close to
the 2020 target
No soybean is occupying recently cleared
areas (Soy Moratorium)
Cleared land is mainly occupied with
pastures
!
!
Cerrado
•
Different dynamic than Amazon. Level
of legality is much higher: land
conversion supported by official
licenses and permits
• Cerrado conversion rates are facing new
increases, however no indication of
deforestation peaks
• Current deforestation rate is already
below the 2020 target

4. Forest Code Implementation and its Implications for Native Vegetation Conservation
400
100
Mha
98,9102
Mha
319,9000
300
75
Current deforestation
rate: 0.46 Mha
200
Current deforestation
rate: 0.77 Mha
50
40,0000
100
25
19,6000
0,6000
0
Vegetation Stock
7,0000
1,8000
0
LR Deficit
Vegetation Stock
APP Deficit
3,6000
LR Deficit
Amazon
• Areas available for legal deforestation
(vegetation stock - 19.6 Mha), although million of
hectares, are equivalent to a small share of total
forest areas
• From current deforestations rates, it would be
necessary 43 years to spend the 19.1 million ha
• Soy Moratorium has shown that it is possible
to manage deforestation process for
productive purposes
•
Zero deforestation is a big challenge for
Brazilian producers because it is an above
and beyond law requirement
Cerrado
• Vegetation stock is much larger than Amazon
• Very important agricultural region. Agricultural
expansion brings large economic benefits and
development
• Several states are well organized and are
demanding additional requirements to issue
suppression permits
• Future demand for agriculture land is much
lower than the vegetation stock
• Strong attention on biodiversity conservation
• Land clearing can be managed in order to avoid
wasting deforestation and minimizing impacts on
biodiversity hop spots
Common issues
• Legal reserve deficits can deliver forest
restoration and protection of current vegetation
stock through the compensation mechanism
Remaining Vegetation
1. Native vegetation excluding protected areas (APP and RL), conservation reserves, indigenous reserves. Can be interpreted as areas available for legal deforestation.
2. APP (permanent preservation areas): riparian vegetation, river buffer strips, top of hills and high slopes areas.
3. LR (legal reserve): set aside area 80% (Amazon biome), 35% (Cerrado biome in Legal Amazon area), 20% (Cerrado biome) and 20% for others biomes.
4. Remaining vegetation including vegetation stock and protected areas. Source: Ministry of Environment.
Source: Soares-Filho, B. S. (2013). Impacto da Revisão do Código Florestal: Como Viabilizar o Grande Desafio Adiante? Desenvolvimento Sustentável DS. Secretaria de Assuntos Estratégicos.

5. Brazilian Forest Code – opportunity
❑
❑
❑
❑
❑
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Lei 4771 1965: Brazilian Forest Code defined
50% of the areal of a rural farm to be set aside as
Legal Reserve (LR)
Legal amendment No1511 of 25/07/1996 Legal
Reserve in the Amazon Biome from 50% to 80%
of total rural farm area;
Legal amendment No 2166-67 de 24/08/2001:
Legal Reserve for Social role for environmental
services and climate change mitigation
Degree Nº 6.321, 21/12/2007 – Priority
Municipalities for control, prevention and
monitoring the deforestation in the Amazon
Degree Nº 7.029, 10/12/2009. Federal Program
to support environmental regularization of rural
farms “Programa Mais Ambiente”
Degree of May 2012: New Brazilian Forest code
obligates all rural farms in Brazil to perform
Environmental Registry (CAR)
Previous Law X New Law!
!
Reduction of debt = 29± 6M ha

6. Código antigo X Código atual!
!
Redução do passivo = 29± 6M ha

7. Delimitação das áreas de APP

8. Brazil’s forest code
Legal reserves on private properties:!
In the Amazon = 80%, other biomes 20%!
plus!
Preservation of riparian forest and vegetation !
on hilltops and steep slopes
Obligation to restore Legal Reserve !
≈ 16 Mha + 5 Mha riparian vegetation !
(Soares-Filho, SAE 2013)

9. Sustainable Harvest in the Amazon
1.
Promoting environmental
legislation compliance – Forest
Code!
2.
Enabling conditions for zoning
and rural sustainable
development policies!
3.
Shaping
Functional
Productive Landscapes –
Farms!
4.
Supporting
Responsible
Sourcing Policies – Cargill!
5.
Guarantee Effective
Biodiversity conservation in
Private Lands
Foto: © Haroldo Palo Jr.

10. Strategic actions
1.Rural Farms environmental registry – CAR
Legal Reserves (LR) and Areas of Permanent Protection (APP)
2. Land-tenure analysis (risks analysis)
Avoid Potential conflict s and Land grabbing
3. Strategic Landscapes Planning – farm scale
Ecological corridors connecting LR & APP to forest remnants
4. Environmental Regularization – LAR
Degraded Areas Restoration Projects and LR regularization
5. Deforestation monitoring & Responsible Sourcing

11. Farms & Farmers GIS Database

13. Farm Environmental reports – CarGeo®

14. Agriculture Scenarios in Brazil
PAM 2011
Current land use in Brazil

15. LIVESTOCK INTENSIFICATION >>>> FOREST OPPORTUNITIES

17. CHALLENGES OF FOREST LAW
Forest restoration
22 Million hectares
Forest compensation
8 Million hectares
fonte: Britaldo Soares, UFMG

18. Largest CDM project in the World with the potential to
sequester 2.5±0.5 billion tons of C
Native vegetation in Brazil stores 67±13 billion of tons of Carbon
Leite et al. GBC, 2012
Soares-Filho, 2013

19. THANKS!
Arnaldo Carneiro Filho!
!
acarneiro@tnc.org