Johannes Refisch, of the United Nations Environment Programme’s Great Apes Survival Partnership, asks how we can provide economic incentives to conserve orangutan habitat - and reaches some interesting conclusions. The carbon value, plus the value of other ecosystem services, can make forest conservation more competitive than all alternative land uses. He gave this presentation at the ‘Linking Great Ape Conservation with Poverty Alleviation’ workshop hosted by CIFOR in January 2012.

1. Economic incentives to conserve orangutan habitat Dr. Johannes Refisch, UNEP GRASP January 2012 Great ape conservation and poverty alleviation

4. Report, eBook, maps, video, posters are available under http://www.orangutanreport.un-grasp.org/

6. Batang Toru, non-peatland, mountain forest Deforestation driver: Encroachment by migrants, illegal logging, plantation expansion, potential road development Opportunities: Carbon, Water, SFM, Tourism, NTFP

8. 2001-2009

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10. Net present values for different land uses are from Tata and van Noordwijk (2010), carbon prices from Butler et al. (2009)

11. In Tripa, if forest patches are conserved inside oil palm plantations, a minimum price of 5.2 USD/tCO2 would be needed to offset profit made from business as usual scenario where forest patches are converted.

12. Figures are from Beukering et al. (2009)

13. Figures are from Beukering et al. (2009)

15. Conclusions and recommendations Focus further resource development including planned expansion of oil palm plantations on low current use value lands taking into account all social and environmental implications

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17. Carbon and conservation Bernardo et al. 2010