This document summarizes research on willingness to pay for mangrove environmental services in Vietnam. Over 1,150 local residents in 9 provinces were interviewed about their willingness to pay for different mangrove services. Willingness to pay varied based on the specific service and was also influenced by factors like income level and whether people directly benefited from the services. Limited previous studies focused only on a single mangrove service or local residents' willingness to pay. To establish an effective payment mechanism, a package of multiple mangrove services should be considered to account for variability between locations.

1. Willingness to pay for Mangrove
environmental services
Ho Chi Minh, 9 November 2020
Hoang Tuan Long, Nguyen Dinh Tien, Pham Thu
Thuy

2. • Literature review
• Interviews and HH surveys
• Cases studied: both PES AND PES-LIKED,
different scales + management regimes,
different ecoregions, and state and non-state
programs/projects
Provinces Total key informants interviewed
Thai Binh 292
Thanh Hoa 287
Quang Ninh 288
Da Nang 6
Hai Phong 224
Quang Nam 4
Ben Tre 14
Tra Vinh 25
Ca Mau 10
TOTAL 1,150
Methods

3. Willingness to pay depend on
pay for what service

4. 0 20 40 60 80 100
Biodiversity
Protecting dyke
Carbon sequenstration
Water and heavy metal…
Landscape
Soils Sedimentation
Biodiversity
Protecting dyke
Carbon sequenstration
Water and heavy metal…
Landscape
Soils Sedimentation
TouristFishmen
No idea Not important
Important Very important 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Fishery sources
Bee farming
Protect sea-dike, prevent
storm damage and soil…
Air filter, water filter
Landscape - tourism
Firewood
Foodand ingredient
Improve biodiversity
Prevention of salinity
Willingness to pay for package of services
CIFOR studies on services that local people
willingness to pay for in Hai Phong
FGD results on on services that
local people willingness to pay for in
Quang Ninh, Thai Binh, Thanh Hoa

5. Willingness to pay… limited studies!
• Limited studies on willingness to pay
• Focus on forest value
• Willingess to pay studies normally focus on local people and 1
service

6. Willingness to pay of local people

7. Willingness to pay of seafood company

8. Willingness to pay of travel agency
Province Willingness to pay
Nha Trang 5,000 – 50,000 VND/ticket based on each
services
Hai Phong 450,000/year
Ha Noi (have tour in Hai Phong) Only 1 per 20 interviewed company
willingness to pay under 500,000/year

9. Are we missing something?

10. Factors influence willingness to
pay
 Direct involvement and affected by or not
 Who benefits
 Clarities of Legal framework, particular on
M&E and transparency
 Level of income
 The boats size
 Decision making process
 Appropriate incentives and disincentives
 Land tenure
 Permanence

11. Key message
 The mangrove has a lot of potential.
 We are focusing on a small group with a
small service
 Willingness to pay does not depend on the
value of the forest, but depends on many
factors
 The willingness to pay will vary in localities
based on the value that forests bring, so
only one level of payment is not reasonable
 It is not possible to build a mechanism
based on only one service, but it must be a
package of many services

12. We acknowledge the support from:
the Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation (Norad), the Australian
Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (DFAT), the European Union (EU), the
UK Government, USAID, the International Climate Initiative (IKI) of the German
Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and
Nuclear Safety (BMUB) and the CGIAR Research Program on Forests, Trees and
Agroforestry (CRP-FTA) with financial support from the CGIAR Fund.
& all research partners and individuals
that have contributed to the GCS research
Thank you