2. unoffical measures of delinquency
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CJCJ's Executive Director Daniel Macallair, is a practitioner-in-residence at San Francisco State University (SFSU)'s Department of Criminal Justice Studies. These slides are from his Juvenile Justice course materials.
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2. unoffical measures of delinquency
- 1. Measures of Juvenile Crime Sorting myth from fact 40 Boardman Place www.cjcj.org San Francisco, CA 94103 © Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice 2013
- 2. Measuring Delinquency Through Cohort Studies A cohort study examines a selected group of individuals, born at the same time and living in the same place, over a long period of time 40 Boardman Place www.cjcj.org San Francisco, CA 94103 © Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice 2013
- 3. Longitudinal cohort studies examine the following: • Age the delinquent career begins – onset • Duration of the delinquent career • Termination of delinquent care (desistance, aging out) • Extent of delinquency within a population • Gender difference in delinquent patterns 40 Boardman Place www.cjcj.org San Francisco, CA 94103 © Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice 2013
- 4. Philadelphia Cohort Study conducted by Marvin Wolfgang and associates Two Birth Cohorts: • First Cohort consisted of all males born in Philadelphia in 1945 and who lived there from age 10 to 18 (10,000 subjects) • Second Cohort consisted of all males and females born in Philadelphia in 1958 and who lived there from age 10- 18 (included 30,000 subjects) 40 Boardman Place www.cjcj.org San Francisco, CA 94103 © Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice 2013
- 5. Methodology Relied on official arrest statistics (measure of official delinquency) 40 Boardman Place www.cjcj.org San Francisco, CA 94103 © Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice 2013
- 6. PHILADELPHIA COHORT FINDINGS COHORT I (1945) • 35% HAD AT LEAST ONE CONTACT WITH THE POLICE AS JUVENILES • APPROXIMATLY 6% ACCOUNTED FOR 51% OF ALL RECORDED DELINQUENT ACTS • CHRONIC OFFENDERS (5 OR MORE CONTACTS WITH POLICE) ACCOUNTED FOR 71% OF HOMICIDES, 73% OF RAPES, 82% OF ROBBERIES, AND 69% OF AGGRAVATED ASSAULTS 40 Boardman Place www.cjcj.org San Francisco, CA 94103 © Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice 2013
- 7. PHILADELPHIA COHORT FINDINGS COHORT I (1945) continued • Involvement With The Juvenile Court Had An Escalating Effect On Delinquent Behavior • Youths Progressed From Less Serious To More Serious Delinquency • Later Cohort Was More Likely To Have Committed More Violent Offenses And To Have More Repeat Offenses For Index Crimes 40 Boardman Place www.cjcj.org San Francisco, CA 94103 © Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice 2013
- 8. Philadelphia Cohort Study Cohort II (1958) • 33% of young males had at least one juvenile arrest • 14% of young females had at least one juvenile arrest • Chronic offenders constituted 7.5% of the male and female population • Cohort II had more recorded acts of violence that cohort I 40 Boardman Place www.cjcj.org San Francisco, CA 94103 © Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice 2013
- 9. Recent Cohort studies • Pittsburgh • Rochester • Denver • Orange County 40 Boardman Place www.cjcj.org San Francisco, CA 94103 © Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice 2013
- 10. Self Report Studies Compiles information from people about crimes they have committed 40 Boardman Place www.cjcj.org San Francisco, CA 94103 © Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice 2013
- 11. Self Report Studies • First published studies appeared in the 1930s and 40s • Show that delinquency occurs within all social classes • Nearly 90% of respondents admit committing a delinquent act within the past 3 years • Race and class differences occur in regard to serious and consistent delinquency 40 Boardman Place www.cjcj.org San Francisco, CA 94103 © Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice 2013
- 12. KEY TERMS • Uniform Crime Report • Cohort Studies • Part I Offenses • Aging out • Part II Offense • Desistance • Disaggregated • Age of Onset • Self Report Studies • Chronic offender • National Crime • Chronic recidivists Victimization studies • Early Onset • Status offender • Delinquent offender 40 Boardman Place www.cjcj.org San Francisco, CA 94103 © Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice 2013