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9. closing ma training schools1

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Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice
Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice

CJCJ's Executive Director Daniel Macallair, is a practitioner-in-residence at San Francisco State University (SFSU)'s Department of Criminal Justice Studies. These slides are from his Intervention Policies in Juvenile Justice course materials.

Education
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The Closing of the Massachusetts Training Schools: Lessons Learned 40 Boardman Place www.cjcj.org San Francisco, CA 94103 © Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice 2013
Institutional Reform: The Historical Pattern • Calls for juvenile institutional reform result from scandal • Public exposure results in public outcry • Commissions are appointed to study problems • Many months later, commission issues report with recommendations • Legislature appropriates funding for minor changes • Old practices and routines quickly resume 40 Boardman Place www.cjcj.org San Francisco, CA 94103 © Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice 2013
Prelude to Reform in Massachusetts: Triggering Events • 1966-67 Reports by HEW Children’s Bureau, Massachusetts Committee on Children and Youth, and State Senate release critical reports on abuses in the Massachusetts Training Schools. • Gubernatorial Election of 1968 • New Dept. of Youth Services created (August 1969) • Jerome Miller appointed Commissioner (October 1969) 40 Boardman Place www.cjcj.org San Francisco, CA 94103 © Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice 2013
First Actions: Miller Attempts Conventional Approach to Institutional Reform • Fix the institutions • Lobby for more institutional resources • Expand institution-based resources • Maintain existing structure 40 Boardman Place www.cjcj.org San Francisco, CA 94103 © Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice 2013
Next Actions: Miller Abandons Conventional Reform Strategies • Rejects congregate institutional care • Establishes a new vision for juvenile justice system services • Forges non-institutional alliances • Invites outside scrutiny of institutional realities • Lobbies policy makers for systemic change • Sets own timetable and initiates change process 40 Boardman Place www.cjcj.org San Francisco, CA 94103 © Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice 2013
Strategies for Closing the Training Institutions • Target Institutional Populations • Regionalization • Purchase of Service from Private Agencies • Community-based programming 40 Boardman Place www.cjcj.org San Francisco, CA 94103 © Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice 2013
Significance to national juvenile justice policy • Demonstrated that training schools were obsolete and could be closed • Demonstrated that an alternative system of primarily non- institutional interventions could be substituted for institutional confinement • Demonstrated the political challenges of closing training schools 40 Boardman Place www.cjcj.org San Francisco, CA 94103 © Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice 2013
Obstacles to reforming juvenile justice • Limited Resources • Nonflexible budget • External Political climate • Union contracts and civil service restrictions • Lack of community alternatives • Staff resistance and sabotage 40 Boardman Place www.cjcj.org San Francisco, CA 94103 © Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice 2013

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9. closing ma training schools1

  • 1. The Closing of the Massachusetts Training Schools: Lessons Learned 40 Boardman Place www.cjcj.org San Francisco, CA 94103 © Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice 2013
  • 2. Institutional Reform: The Historical Pattern • Calls for juvenile institutional reform result from scandal • Public exposure results in public outcry • Commissions are appointed to study problems • Many months later, commission issues report with recommendations • Legislature appropriates funding for minor changes • Old practices and routines quickly resume 40 Boardman Place www.cjcj.org San Francisco, CA 94103 © Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice 2013
  • 3. Prelude to Reform in Massachusetts: Triggering Events • 1966-67 Reports by HEW Children’s Bureau, Massachusetts Committee on Children and Youth, and State Senate release critical reports on abuses in the Massachusetts Training Schools. • Gubernatorial Election of 1968 • New Dept. of Youth Services created (August 1969) • Jerome Miller appointed Commissioner (October 1969) 40 Boardman Place www.cjcj.org San Francisco, CA 94103 © Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice 2013
  • 4. First Actions: Miller Attempts Conventional Approach to Institutional Reform • Fix the institutions • Lobby for more institutional resources • Expand institution-based resources • Maintain existing structure 40 Boardman Place www.cjcj.org San Francisco, CA 94103 © Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice 2013
  • 5. Next Actions: Miller Abandons Conventional Reform Strategies • Rejects congregate institutional care • Establishes a new vision for juvenile justice system services • Forges non-institutional alliances • Invites outside scrutiny of institutional realities • Lobbies policy makers for systemic change • Sets own timetable and initiates change process 40 Boardman Place www.cjcj.org San Francisco, CA 94103 © Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice 2013
  • 6. Strategies for Closing the Training Institutions • Target Institutional Populations • Regionalization • Purchase of Service from Private Agencies • Community-based programming 40 Boardman Place www.cjcj.org San Francisco, CA 94103 © Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice 2013
  • 7. Significance to national juvenile justice policy • Demonstrated that training schools were obsolete and could be closed • Demonstrated that an alternative system of primarily non- institutional interventions could be substituted for institutional confinement • Demonstrated the political challenges of closing training schools 40 Boardman Place www.cjcj.org San Francisco, CA 94103 © Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice 2013
  • 8. Obstacles to reforming juvenile justice • Limited Resources • Nonflexible budget • External Political climate • Union contracts and civil service restrictions • Lack of community alternatives • Staff resistance and sabotage 40 Boardman Place www.cjcj.org San Francisco, CA 94103 © Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice 2013