National and regional urban time policies began to emerge in Italy in the late 1980s and early 1990s, with many cities launching their own initiatives. In 2000, Law 53/2000 made the definition and implementation of "Territorial Timetable Plans" mandatory for municipalities with over 30,000 inhabitants. The law aimed to promote a new balance between work, care, training, and personal times. Main action areas of urban time policies included public accessibility of services, integrated public space design, time banks, mobility agreements, shop opening policies, and school times. Milan provides a case study, initially forgetting urban time policies for 20 years but revitalizing them in 2011, with a new plan in 2020 focusing on flexible work hours, slow

1. TIMES USE WEEK
Towards a New Organization of Working Times
National Law 53/2000 (Livia Turco Law)
&
Urban Time Policies in Italy
FRANCESCA ZAJCZYK (MILAN-ITALY)
Wednesday 26th October 2022

2. 1985 –iWomen are burdened by time devoted to family and by the
attempt to balance this aspect with working hours and city
organisational times “women with a dual presence”.
At the end of the 1980s was proposed a law :“Women change times” –
but It failed
Law 142/1990 – A lot of cities first started to launch urban time policies
in relation to one article of the main reform text of public local
administration . Milan, Genoa, Rome, Catania, Bolzano, Venice, among
others, initiate time policies and set up the Time Office
The Beginning of Urban time policies in Italy:
When
Francesca Zajczyk

3. National&Regional Urban Time Policies: When
Since 8th March 2000, urban time policies have been
governed by a national law on family care and parental
leave (Law 53/2000: called “Turco Law”, from its proposer).
This act makes the definition and implementation of a
“Territorial Timetable Plan” compulsory for municipalities
with more than 30.000 inhabitants
After this date Many Regions approve legislation on urban
times.
(For example, in 2004 the Lombardy Region).
Francesca Zajczyk

4. 4
Law 53/2000: General Contents
and General Objectives
The Law is divided in two parts:
- The first part on parental leave
- The second part on times policies
Actions for balancing
inside workpace
Actions for balancing
in the daily-life
Promote a New Balance between Work, Care, Training and
Relationship Times

5. Francesca Zajczyk
First part - It promotes the harmonization of timetables
throughout the Region and the Municipaities in order to support
equal opportunities between men and women and to promote the
quality of life through the balancing of working times,
relationships, parental care, training and time for oneself, with
people who live in the city or use it even temporarily.
Second part - It promotes the coordination and administration of
the times and schedules of the city and the adoption by the
Municipalities of the Territorial Timetable Plans.
MAIN PURPOSE L. 53/2000

6. Francesca Zajczyk
The Main action sectors in Time Urban Policies
1. Public Accessibility to Services (Modena, Cremona, Rome, Rimini,
Belluno, Prato)
2. Public Spaces integrated design (Pesaro)
3. Time Banks (many towns and quarters)
4. Agreement or pact on Mobility (Bolzano)
5. Shop Opening Policies (Pistoia, Bolzano, Milan, Catania,
Cremona, Verona)
6. School Times: (Genoa and Florence).
7. Cultural and Tourist promotion of the city (Cremona).

7. Francesca Zajczyk
On this premises a very high number of cities defined Territorial
Plans of Timetables and many of them experimented individual
projects.
Interesting point: Time policies are neither left or right wing.
But, infact, during right-wing council administrations, in many
towns, the Territorial Plans of Timetables was “forgotten”.

8. Francesca Zajczyk
A very interesting case study: Milan
In the 1992 the first Urban Timetable Plan was written . After this, for about 20 years, Urban Times
Policies were forgotten. With the left administration in 2011, the Times Office of the City was
revitalized and many individual projects activated.
But we must say that a big change happened with the Pandemia.
In december 2020, under the direction of the Prefect, a new Territorial Timetable Plan was drawn up
with the agreement of the main public and private stakeholders
A new slogan hold on: «Milan changes the rhythms, it changes the skin».
Three big goals:
a) diluition of the demand for private and public mobility with an impulse towards slow mobility
(cycling e walkability).
b) flexibility and desynchronization of working hours (smartworking) but also of the beginning and the
end of public service activities, especially schools, commercial places, cultural and recreational
activities.
c) proximity of services: space-time concept that presupposes “everything 15 minutes away” through
digital services.

9. Francesca Zajczyk
francesca.zajczyk@unimib.it
Department of Mobiliy&Sustainabiliy
Municipality of Milan
Department of Sociology and Social Research
University of Milano Bicocca