Created by Sarah Eturma from University of Southeastern Philippines taking Bachelor of Science in Secondary Education Major in Biological Science.

1. TSUNAMI
By: Sarah I. Eturma
Bsed-Biological Science II
April 24,2012

2. TSUNAMI
the phenomenon tsunami (soo-NAH-
mee) is a series of water caused by the
displacement of a large volume of a
body of water.

3. ALLabout Tsunami

4. • Length from crest to crest is a hundred miles or
more and its height from crest to trough only few
feet or more.
• In the deepest oceans , the waves will reach speeds
exceeding 600 miles per hour (970 km/hr).
• When the tsunami enters the shoaling water of
coastlines in its path, the velocity will diminishes and
the wave height is increases.
• Shallow waters heights exceeding 100 ft.(30m).

5. • In 1963 the term tsunami was adopted for
general use by an international scientific
conference.
• Tides are the result of gravitational
influences of the moon, sun and planets.
• Scientific community referred to tsunamis
as “seismic sea waves”.

6.  The sea floor deforms and displaces the overlying
water from its equilibrium position.
 Its main factor determines the initial size of a tsunami
is the amount of vertical sea floor deformation.
 Controlled by the earthquake’s magnitude , depth,
fault characteristics and coincident slumping of
sediments.
 Submarine landslides, which occur during a large
earthquake.

7.  Gravitational forces propagate the tsunami given
its initial perturbation of the sea-level.
 Violent marine volcanic eruption create an
impulsive force that displaces the water column.
• Wind-generated waves have period of five –
twenty seconds and wavelength of about 100-
200 meters.
 Tsunami period in the range of 10 minutes to 2
hours and wavelength excess of 300 miles.

8.  A wave is characterized as a shallow- water
wave.
 The speed of shallow-water wave is equal to the
square root of the product of the acceleration of
gravity (32ft/sec/sec) and the depth of the water.
 As a tsunami leaves the deep water of the open
sea propagates into the more shallow waters
near the coast, it undergoes a transformation.

9.  The change of the total energy of the tsunami will
remains constant.
 When a tsunami finally reaches the shore , it may
appear as a rising or falling tide, a series of breaking
waves or even a bore.
 Tsunami it may form into a bore: a step-like wave
with a steep breaking front.
 Water level can rise to more than 50 feet for the
tsunamis of distant origin and over 100 feet near the
earthquake’s epicenter.

10. The Development of a Tsunami:

11. A Tsunami Hits the Coast:

12. Wind-Generated Waves vs.
Tsunami Waves:

13. Indian Ocean Tsunami

14. Japan Tsunami