PG: Philippine Politics and Governance Lecturer: MR. CARL PATRICK SAHAGUN TADEO
Magsaysay Memorial College of Zambales, Inc.
San Narciso, Zambales
RECOGNITION NO. S-029 S. 2009
BASIC EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
(Senior High School)
2nd Semester, S.Y. 2017-2018
PG: PHILIPPINE POLITICS AND GOVERNMENT
Course Outline
I. Introduction: The Concept of Politics and
Governance
A. The Meaning of Politics
B. How politics can be studied
C. The Meaning of Governance
II. Political Ideologies
A. The Basic Tenets of Major Political
Ideologies
1. Classification
1.1. Liberalism
1.2. Conservatism
1.3. Neo Liberalism and Neo
Conservatism
1.4. Socialism
1.5. Social Democracy
2. Ideological Traditions
2.1. Fascism
2.2. Anarchism
2.3. Feminism
2.4. Environmentalism
2.5. Religious Fundamentalism
III. Power
A. Nature
B. Dimensions
C. Types
D. Consequences
IV. States, Nations, and Globalizations
A. The State as Different from Nation as
Political Concept
B. Globalization as a Context of Relations
among Nation-States
V. The Historical Background of Philippine
Democratic Politics
A. The Evolution of Philippine Politics,
Government and Governance
VI. The Executive
A. The Role and Power of Philippine
President
VII. The Legislative
A. The Role and Responsibilities of the
Senate and the House of
Representatives
VIII. The Judiciary
A. The Role and Responsibilities of the
Judiciary
IX. Decentralization and Local Governance
A. Local Governance in Context of the
1991 Local Government Code (LGC)
of the Philippines
B. National-Local Government Dynamics
X. Election and Political Parties
A. The Nature of Elections and Political
Parties in the Context of the
Philippines
XI. Civil Society and Social Movements
A. Political Participation outside Formal
Institutions
XII. Citizenship
A. The Traditional and Modern Views of
Citizenship
XIII. Integration
A. How the Concept/Ideas Learned in
Class be Utilized in Actual Experience

PG: Philippine Politics and Governance Lecturer: MR. CARL PATRICK SAHAGUN TADEO
Politics
Rivals
Oppositions
Competitions
Work together
Consolidation
Integration
Politics
As a consensus &
compromise
As a society
As a power &
distribution of
resources
As a science
As academics
As an art of government
As a public affair
POLITICAL SCIENCE AS A DISCIPLINE
Q1: What is politics?
A1: as discipline it is the heart of Political Science
 According to Plato, POLITICS is the study of the affairs of the Polis (city-state), which he defined as the
most sovereign and inclusive association.
 To Robert Dahl, POLITICS is the existence of rules or authority within the state. It is therefore the study of
POWER relationship among the people in a given society as well those relationships among states in the
international community. (Lazo, 2009)
A2: What is the origin of the word politics?
 It came from the word polis which means city-state. From this word, comes polites, referring to citizens and
politikos that means government officials. (Zaide, 1983)
A3: as a concept it is associated to the culture of cooperation one side and differing conflict on the other side
 Politics is the middle ground that aims to unionize and harmonize clashing concerns in achieving a
consensus.
 There is Politics as long as there are people who exist and work-on in an organization, with set of rules they
followed in order to live and prosper.
A4: varying outlooks of politics:
POLITICS – exerciseof power, making of political decisions, practice of deception and manipulation, exercise of
authority, allocation of limited resources.
 It is the study of tries to complement extreme power and interests in the society.
 Making of common decision
 Use of forceto affectthe behaviour of another person or group
Did you know that people who are unaware or are only partly unaware and uninformed of what is going on is
called as idiotes. Idiots for ancient Greeks means a person who: does not vote, does not discuss public issues, and
does not involve himself in government affairs. 

PG: Philippine Politics and Governance Lecturer: MR. CARL PATRICK SAHAGUN TADEO
BASIC ISSUES IN POLITICS
1. Legitimacy
 Attitude of the people about what they consider in mind that government is a rightful ruler over
them
 The King and Queen is the rightful throne on the basis of legitimate succession to authority
 LEGAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL RIGHT TO GOVERN
 Compels people to believe and follow orders
 How does government achieve legitimacy?
 By existing a long time
 By governing well
 By structure of government
 By manipulating national symbols
2. Sovereignty
 It is the right of the government to rule and the right of a government of leadership to exist. The
right of a leader to rule and control not only his subjects but also the territory over which the
citizens live and prosper. SOVEREIGNTY <-> LEGITIMACY
3. Authority
 It is the power of the leader to rule and the power to exact obedience on his people. It is based on an
acknowledged duty to obey rather than on any form of coercion or manipulation.
 It exists when subordinates acknowledged the right of superiors to give orders.
 Right to act rather than the power to do so.
Three Traditional Classifications of Authority according to Max Weber:
1. Traditional Authority
2. Charismatic Authority
3. Rational-Legal or Bureaucratic Authority
Note: Authority relies on the obligation of the people to obey their leaders by virtue of the legitimate power of his
or her office. Effective authority requires firm, fair and wise leadership.
Q2: Why do we need to study Political Science?
A: We need to study Political Science because it enables us:
 to understand how a political system works
 to understand the functions and role of the government
 to develop political awareness
 to understand socio-political issues and their implications
 to cultivate responsive citizenship and effective participation in government
Q3: What are the fields of study in Political Science?
A: The fields of study are as follows:
1. Political Theory – political views, thoughts or doctrines (ideology) relating to state, includes ethical and
moral standards
2. Public Law – government powers, duties and organization, and limits of power.
a. Constitutional law – results from interpretation of court of a written constitutional instrument
b. Administrative law – laws regulating conduct of officials
c. International law – laws which pertains to relations of sovereign states
3. Public Administration – study of methods and techniques of state affairs by the government branches
Q4: Who are the important personalities in Political Science?
A: Here are some of the important personalities in Political Science?
 Jean Bodin – French Philosopher, who first called the study of state as political science.
 Francis Leiber – Father of Modern Political Science

PG: Philippine Politics and Governance Lecturer: MR. CARL PATRICK SAHAGUN TADEO
 Jean Jacques Rousseau – Father of Modern Democracy
Q5: What is the relationship of PoliticalScience to other studies?
A:
Field of Study Area of Study Relationship to Political Science
1.Sociology It is the study of society as a whole and
the different factors associated with
human interaction.
The underlying factors on social problems like
crimes and poverty are evaluated by government to
address these problems.
2. Statistics It is the study of quantitative data. Data on political development and issues are
gathered and analysed.
3. Psychology It is the study of human behaviour. Politics is concerned with how leaders think and
decide why and why people do not obey.
4. Geography Geography deals with physical
characteristics of earth.
The geographical environment of a country
determines domestic and foreign policies.
5. Philosophy It is the study of ultimate reasoning. Sound reasons are important to guide every
political decision of the government; political
decisions and policies reflect philosophical norms
and values.
6. Anthropology It is the study of the origin and cultural
development of man.
Political institutions like the evolution of the family
are explained by anthropological findings.
7. History It is the systematic study of the past. Historical data are used to explain political
developments.
8. Economics It deals with the study of maximizing
resources to satisfy unlimited wants and
needs.
The economic policies are determined by the
government.
References:
1. Lazo, R. (2009). Introduction to political science. Sta. Mesa, Quezon City: Rex Printing Company, Inc.
2. Naguit, R. (2005). Discourses on the 1987 philippine constitution. Meycauayan, Bulacan: Trinitas Publishing, Inc.
EXERCISE 1: SCORE: ____/20
Direction: If the question is answerable by yes write “TAYO NA!”. If the question is answerable by no write
“WALANG TAYO!”. Put the correct answer accordingly on the space provided.
________1. Generally, politics exists whenever people group together.
________2. Politics can be found only in government organizations.
________3. The word polites refers to politicians.
________4. Politics, in its strictest meaning, refers to the process of decision-making and enforcing in any group
that makes and enforce rules for its members.
________5. Government decisions affect us in almost everything we do.
________6. Politics is conflict but it is also through politics that conflict is resolved.
________7. An idiot, during the time of ancient Greece, referred to a person who did not go to school.
________8. A political system will be in order even without the application of power.
________9. It was Aristotle that the central activity of politics is power struggle.
________10. It was Niccolo Machiavelli who said that the study of political science is the most sovereign of all
arts and sciences.
________11. Politics is confined only to public institutions.
________12. Public policies are translated and expressed through laws or judicial decisions.
________13. Jean Bodin was the first to call the study of state political science.
________14. Economics is related to the study of political science because the government is the one which
determines economic policies.
________15. Public administration is concerned with the study of government powers, duties, and limits to its
authority in relation to individual rights.
________16. Public law is about management of state affairs.
________17. Power is an important element of politics without its use, decisions cannot be enforced.
________18. Politics comes first before the formation of states.

PG: Philippine Politics and Governance Lecturer: MR. CARL PATRICK SAHAGUN TADEO
________19. The Government is tasked to promoting justice that must encompass us all as political animals.
________20. The study of politics must include political participation, system, and processes. CPST/13/10/2017
“Transform Assets with Determination plus Enthusiasm equals Outstanding achievement.”