1. HEALTH
EDUCATION
SESSION
Chol A. Ariik

2. AGENDA
▪ Introduction
▪ What is sanitation
▪ Common waterborne diseases
▪ Sources of contamination
▪ Effect of contaminated water
▪ Multiple barriers approach
▪ Protection of water sources
▪ Protection of water distribution systems
▪ Treatment of water at household level
▪ Key takeaways
▪ References

3. INTRODUCTION
▪ This session is about hygiene and sanitation
awareness
▪ The target audiences are youth aged 18-30 years
▪ Majority of the youth have limited knowledge
about quality of drinking water
▪ The possible health effects of consuming
contaminated water remain unknown to them

4. WHAT IS SANITATION
▪ Refers to the provision of facilities, services, and
conditions to protect public health.
▪ Having access to facilities for safe disposal of
wastes including human wastes

5. COMMON
WATERBORNE
DISEASES
▪ Cholera
▪ Typhoid fever
▪ Diarrheal diseases e.g. rotavirus among infants
▪ Hepatitis A

6. SOURCES OF
CONTAMINATION
▪ Improper wastes disposal
▪ Lack of water treatment or facilities
▪ Natural disasters e.g. flood
▪ Poor sanitation e.g. open defecation
▪ Lack of protection for water sources

7. EFFECTS OF
CONTAMINATED WATER
• Gastrointestinal ailments
• Nausea
• Skin problems
• Birth defects
• Stomach ache
• Diarrhea
• Dehydration (BEdwards, 2016)

8. MULTIPLE BARRIER
APPROACH
▪ This is a holistic approach that focus on all
aspects of water supply system.
▪ It promote protection of water sources
▪ It promote the protection of distribution
channels e.g. pipes
▪ It also encourage the treatment of water by the
end users

9. PROTECTION OF
WATER SOURCES
▪ Fencing of water sources
▪ Proper disposal of wastes
▪ Provision of toilet or pit latrine to every
household
▪ Avoid locating pit latrine in close proximity
with water sources e.g. tap stands or boreholes
▪ Promote watershed management e.g.
responsible farming

10. PROTECTION OF
WATER
DISTRIBUTION
SYSTEMS
▪ Regular maintenance and repair
▪ Controlling access to distribution systems
▪ Protecting against natural disasters e.g. flood
▪ Regular testing and monitoring

11. TREATMENT OF WATER
AT HOUSEHOLD LEVEL
▪ Boiling
▪ Chlorination
▪ Filtration
▪ Constant hand wash practice
(Regional water provider, n.d.)

12. KEY TAKEAWAYS
▪ Lack of sanitation can adversely affect the public
health
▪ It can lead to the contamination of water hence
reduced water quality
▪ Contamination of water can exacerbated the
infection of several waterborne diseases
▪ The best strategy for preventing water
contamination is Multiple Barrier Approach
(MBA)
▪ MBA aims at preventing contamination of water
on three categories namely; source, distribution,
and consumption.

13. REFERENCES
1. BEdwards. (2016, July 7). The Effects of
Drinking Contaminated Water and/or
Dirty Water [Photograph].
https://haguewaterofmd.com/.
https://haguewaterofmd.com/effects-
drinking-dirty-andor-contaminated-
water/
2. Regional water provider. (n.d.). Treating
Emergency Water [graphic].
https://www.regionalh2o.org/.
https://www.regionalh2o.org/emergency-
preparedness/treating-emergency-water

14. THANK YOU
Chol A. Ariik