Hand Model: two fists together/ thumbs represent the front of brain/ little fingers , the back of brain/ Arms leading to wrist represents the spinal cord which becomes the brain stem.
CNS: processes, interprets, stores information; issues orders to muscles, glands, organs) Spinal cord is bridge between brain and peripheral nerves Sympathetic mobilizes body for action, energy output Para conserves energy, maintains quiet state
Picture of levels of the brain stem Caudal means situated toward bottom of body
Habits are hard to break - need to be replaced with another habit
Put reptile on Big Brain and lizard on shoulder.
Other procedural driving along same route Don’t think about it again once triggered by movement
Hand Model index and third finger deep inside the middle of the brain. We will explore this area in more detail later on
Hand Model the bulk of your hands represents the area of the brain called the cerebrum filed with axons and glial cells (white matter) Imagine you have on a pair of gloves about 1/8” thick (put on gloves) This is the cortex cortex is Greek for bark Contains up to 75% of all neurons. (gray matter) If you could peel the cortex off the brain and spread it out it would be out 2’X 2’. (show crumpled piece of paper and smooth out
Back matures first in early childhood, the front matures in late adolescence
Sulci are ridges or folds in the brain that maximize surface area. Deepest ones separate major areas of cortex
Occipital - hands on back of head Temporal - hands on sides of head just above ears
Parietal - headband with hands sitting slightly back on head Frontal another headband sitting in front of the last one pro·pri·o·cep·tor n a sensory nerve ending in muscles, tendons, and joints that provides a sense of the body’s position by responding to stimuli from within the body
Hands on forehead
Working memory - where you put your car keys, what three things did you go downstairs to do?, tec. Working memory temporarily decreases with stress (some stress is good, too much is bad) Age of 3 a child can hold one item in her working memory. The number of units she can hold then increases by one every other year: 5-3 items 9-4 11-5 13-6 15-7 Don’t expect a 3 year old to remember directions that have more than one step
This helps us to connect thinking and feeling if we’re stressed; helps us remember where we put our car keys, etc.
Phineas Gage was a 19th century railworker who survived serious brain damage. He was the first brain patient from whom we got evidence that damage to the prefrontal cortex could change aspects of personality and affect social behaviour. On 13 September 1848 he was using a yard-long spike to tamp explosive powder into a hole in a rock. A spark ignited the powder, which exploded, sending the spike through his left cheekbone and out through the top of his head. The spike landed about 25 to 30 yards behind him. Despite the destruction of most of the front part of the left side of his brain,
he survived with his perception, memory, language and motor functions intact. However, a piece of iron had turned him into a different person – as a friend said, “Gage is no longer Gage.” Some time later he was able to go back to work, but his personality had changed so much that his employers would not give him his job back. Before the accident he had been their most able and efficient foreman, polite and friendly, well-balanced and shrewd. After the accident he became fitful, irreverent, extremely profane, obstinate and vacillating. He never worked as a foreman or on the railroad again. He had a succession of jobs – appearing in Barnum’s traveling circus, exhibiting his injury and the tamping iron; working at a livery stable in New Hampshire, and looking after horses in Chile. Around 1859 his health began to fail, he began to suffer epileptic seizures and died in May 1860. His skull is preserved at the Warren Anatomical Museum at Harvard Medical School. This picture is taken from the Wikipedia online encyclopedia - a link is provided below.
![Layers of the Brain ,[object Object]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/layersandlobesofthebrain-100121161528-phpapp01/85/layers-and-lobes-1-320.jpg)
![Brain Stem and Mid Brain: Survival ,[object Object],[object Object]](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)