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Commute green! The potential of enterprise social networks for ecological mobility concepts.
- 1. Commute green! The potential of enterprise social networks for ecological mobility concepts. Christian Zinke-Wehlmann and Julia Friedrich Institute for Applied Informatics, (InfAI),04109 Leipzig Germany 20th Working Conference on Virtual Enterprises 23 - 25 September 2019 - Valentino Castle, Turin, Italy
- 2. “Everything that can be social will be” (Hinchchliffe & Kim 2012) 2
- 3. Social Business 3 Technology Images: Kirill Kazache CC3 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Rudez Studio CC3 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
- 4. What framework conditions of social business have to be developed to support eco-friendly behavior? 4
- 5. Commuting 5
- 6. 6 The “standard” employee static work conditions using car for commuting 8-17 km/h on 15 km (daily) = 50 to 110 min 118.5g/km on 15 km (daily) = 1.777 kg C02
- 7. 7Source: Waard (2013) Commuting in Europe: a dynamic macro analysis of commuting behaviour in the European Union Name Influences on Commute behavior Personal Income Age # of Children Rented or owned housing Car Ownership Value of Time Full/part Time Gender Education Partner’s commute County of Birth Commuting Experience Gross Domestic Product Macro Variables Population Density Build-up Index Job Density Urban/ Rural Housing Prices Transport Network DensityMono/ Polycentric Indicator Parking Difficulties Commute Distance Frequency Time
- 8. 8
- 9. 9 Primary Motives E: sustainability & ecology C: stress reduction Selective Motives E: C02 reductive commuting C: avoid parking space shortage Resources E: alternative vehicles, cycling skills C: bicycle stands Opertunities E: commute, further daily roots (e.g. pre- school) C: public transport shop Motivation Incentive system Ability Conditions Behavior
- 10. The power of community networks • Awareness • Shared value system • Relatedness • Social incentives • Shared Resources 10
- 11. 11
- 12. Social Business 12 Technology Images: Kirill Kazache CC3 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Rudez Studio CC3 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
- 13. 13
- 14. 14 shared rides and joined commuting enhance vehicle occupancy shared bike, cars or scooter systems relatedness and enjoyment (motivation) better traffic flow and eco-friendly alternatives exchange information Resources / Opportunities
- 15. 15 shared car or bike pools to enhance vehicle occupancy shared costs shared parking places joint information campaign reduce parking stress awareness and individual motivation Resources / Opportunities
- 17. • points ambition • meaningful story relatedness • feedback • time comparison self-efficacy, comparison and fun • progress statistics relatedness, progression and altruism • simulation ambition and altruism • health statistics ambition and fun • other information • challenges and rewards ambition 17 Gamification elements
- 18. • donations to ecological projects • sustainable equipment • team events • ranking mechanisms Incentives on group level
- 19. • agreed working-time conditions flexiblize commuting • home office reduce commuting • other regulations (voluntary or compulsory) that supports vehicle occupancy, traffic flow or eco-friendly commuting 19 Further conditions
- 20. 20
- 21. Christian Zinke-Wehlmann zinke@infai.org sbdigital.infai.org 21 The German Federal Ministry of Education and Research have funded the work leading to this publication under grant number 02L15A070 (Project: SB:Digital). The authors thank for the funding
Editor's Notes
- social business is understood as a strategy and framework whose application is linked to the generation of a social, ecological and economic benefit as a primary goal from the use of social or collaborative networks ESN Collaborative Networks are cross-organizational network, where social interaction via ESN is time- and location-independent [54]. This allows employees to stay connected across national borders and time zones. Companies often implement ESN with the goal of increasing productivity or innovation [51] the potential for for ecological as well as social benefits and innovation possibilities are not very well researched yet
- According to the European Environmental Agency, road transport accounts for 20 % on CO² and over 20 % on Nox moving behavior of - car driving – commuter lose-lose situation for every affected actor, especially in daily rush hours and congestion. Worker and employee lose time, fuel (and money), and motivation (senseless, inefficient time in traffic jams). Further, the daily traffic struggle creates pollution [44], frustration, and stress [46].
- Bildnachweis: Waard, Pieter Jonathan de. “Commuting in Europe: a dynamic macro analysis of commuting behaviour in the European Union Name :.” (2013). https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Commuting-in-Europe-%3A-a-dynamic-macro-analysis-of-%3A-Waard/901b9b11bf54f745e3f187c561b6e548bf6b8fca
- he most powerful advantage of collaborative networks is the community aspect. Online communities strengthen feelings of relatedness [65]. In the context of badge systems, Kwon et al. describe the effect of social incentives [67] that work through comparison and social benchmarking. But online communities are not only useful in the context of incentive creation but can furthermore be used to promote a value system and create awareness for community relevant aspects such as ecology. Thus, social comparison and the growing awareness for ecological sustainability can both be exploited in order to establish a shared value system within collaborative networks.
- Image: Kirill Kazache CC3 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Rudez Studio CC3 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
- relations between the three different analysis layers of human, technology and the collaborative network (organisation) in terms of the influence of incentives on motivation, and resources and opportunities on the human ability to change behavior.
- points ambition: (1) specific mobility behaviour according to the environmental footprint or (2) saved fuel costs with car sharing meaningful story to address relatedness: using eco-friendly symbols to visualize the purpose, e.g. collecting leaves that fill a virtual tree after completing a challenge/a time window/redeeming the points of a full tree, a new tree is populated, the old tree is placed in a virtual park in which all full trees of the employees are displayed, including name plate time comparison (1) of the journey to work (tracking of own commute times from the apartment door to the workplace), showing differences for different variants (bicycle vs. car, etc.) or (2) times spent in traffic jams, avoided congestion times when using bicycles, public transport to address self-efficacy, comparison and fun progress statistics to address relatedness, progression and altruism: (1) visualization of personal or group CO² commute footprint as well as (real-time) ecological company footprint simulation - eco-friendly suggests of car sharing + cycling + public transport use effects on congestion/pollution through (percentage), even with partial changeover (i.e. if 10% of employees do car sharing once a week air pollution would improve by xy%.) to address ambition and altruism health statistics like (1) burned bike calories / walked steps, (2) conversion of calories into favorite food to choose (you burned x calories, that corresponds to 2 pieces of cake/1 burger in the cafeteria/...), (3) measurement and visualization of movement time / active time to address ambition and fun information representation of commute-related facts: (1) current fine dust load of the day, (2) traffic jams, (3) weather prognosis challenges and rewards to address ambition: (1) for personal use: set targets for time, calories, stress reduction, emission, (2) for company which spends a (donation) target, based on individual and group points.
- donations to ecological projects per straight kilometre, e.g. planting of new trees on the company premises purchase of sustainable equipment for the department free team event when you reach a fixed number of points (e.g. joint e-bike tours) rankings - team/department comparison on display in the entrance
- Further the opportunities for the employee can be supported and eco-friendly behavior enhanced through: agreed working-time conditions to flexiblize commuting home office concepts to reduce unnecessary commuting other regulations (voluntary or compulsory) that supports vehicle occupancy, traffic flow or eco-friendly commuting