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Eyes Over Puget Sound
Field log   Weather          Water column            Aerial photos         Ferry and Satellite       Moorings




                   Surface Conditions Report
   Noctiluca sp.                            June 12, 2012

                                        Guest Contributors:
                      Harmful Algal Blooms: Vera Trainer, p. 6-7
            Flow Cytometry: Francois Ribalet and Jarred Swalwell, p. 29-30

                                                Start here

   Up-to-date observations of visible water quality conditions in Puget Sound and the Strait of Juan de Fuca
Marine conditions from 6-12-2012 at a glance
  Field log                             Weather        Water column          Aerial photos      Ferry and Satellite    Moorings

                                                                             Personal flight impression               p. 3-4
LONG-TERM MARINE MONITORING UNIT


                                                                             A bonanza of red-orange streaks in
                                        Mya Keyzers                          Central Basin. Noctiluca, a small dinoflagellate
                                   Laura Friedenberg                         with a story to tell.
                                                                             Weather conditions                     p. 7
                                                                             Cool weather with recent sun breaks,
                                                                             river flows above normal but trending lower.
                                      Skip Albertson
                                                                             Aerial photography                       p. 9-28
                                                                             Large Noctiluca bloom in Central Sound
                                     Dr. Christopher                         Strong red-brown bloom and turquoise in
                                              Krembs                         Case Inlet. Oil sheen in Sinclair Inlet.
                                                                             Ferry and satellite                 p. 31-33
                                        Dr. Brandon                          Reduced fluorescence south of Edmonds; likely
                                         Sackmann                            related to intense Noctiluca bloom.
                                                                             In-situ mooring data                   p. 34-36
                                                                             In the Whidbey Basin, higher DO levels
                                        David Mora                           coincide with lower salinity and warmer water.
                                         Suzan Pool

                                   Previous Eyes Over Puget Sound reports:   www.ecy.wa.gov/programs/eap/mar_wat/eops/
Personal flight impression, 6-12-2012
Field log    Weather       Water column        Aerial photos       Ferry and Satellite                Moorings

    Marine Flight 3 (Central Sound)


    Washington
   Conservation
 Corps volunteer
 Natalie Tacconi




        Summer is here and Puget Sound is in bloom! The water
        looked amazing from the plane as we saw orange, green,
        and red blooms everywhere. These masses of plankton
        form thick, colorful streaks in the water. In some cases we
        sampled in the middle of a bloom, which allowed us to
        grab a sample for plankton identification, which we sent to
        Gabriela Hannach at King County for species information.

                                                               Bloom near Elliott Bay Photo Courtesy of Natalie Tacconi
Personal flight impression, 6-12-2012
 Field log       Weather                Water column   Aerial photos       Ferry and Satellite          Moorings




    While flying near Commencement and Elliott Bays,
    we saw large masses of the dinoflagellate,
    Noctiluca. High densities of Noctiluca look like
    bright orange swirls from the air (see next page)

    On the way to Sinclair Inlet from Eagle Harbor we
                                                                       Noctiluca bloom near Commencement Bay
    saw another conglomeration of Noctiluca in Port
    Blakely. The water sampling and sensor data
    collection was a success and we were all excited to
    be out on the water during these massive blooms.
    We are curious to see how the blooms will look
    next month!




Background Photo Courtesy of Natalie Tacconi                               Noctiluca bloom in Port Blakely
Species corner: Noctiluca and the spring bloom
Field log    Weather            Water column            Aerial photos          Ferry and Satellite       Moorings
                    Phytoplankton ID contribution: Gabriela Hannach, King County Environmental Lab


                                             Although Noctiluca scintillans (left)
                                             does not produce any harmful
                                             toxins, the cells can accumulate
                                             ammonia that may be harmful to
                                             fish when released into the
                                             surrounding water.
                                                                                     Noctiluca is a large
                                                                                     dinoflagellate that often
                                                                                     causes blooms in Puget Sound.
                                                                                     It feeds on particulate matter,
                                                                                     especially other algae which
       Noctiluca is 0.5 mm across,                                                   when abundant will fuel the
       with a tentacle that helps in                                                 bloom.
       the movement of food
                                             Diatom blooms continue in
       particles.
                                             Puget Sound and are likely
                                             feeding the Noctiluca
                                             populations. Rhizosolenia
                                             (background image), a needle-
                                             like diatom, is currently very
                                             abundant in the Sound.
Sound Toxins, NOAA’s Northwest Fisheries Science Center
Field log      Weather                Water column                      Aerial photos         Ferry and Satellite       Moorings

         Mobile Harmful Algal Bloom Rapid                                          Guest: Vera Trainer (NOAA)
          Response Laboratory (HAB LAB)                                                         What’s blooming in Puget
                                                                                                Sound this summer?
                                                                                                Phytoplankton species can
                                                                                                form dense blooms and
                                                                                                discolor the water.
                                                                                                                        link

                                                                                • A network of volunteers across Puget Sound
                                                                                conducts weekly phytoplankton monitoring
                                                                                that alert researchers and managers of
                                                                                Heterosigma bloom locations as well as any
                                                                                other unusual bloom events.

                                                                                • Volunteers include fish farmers, shellfish
  •Project investigators from NOAA (Vera Trainer), University of                growers, environmental learning centers,
  Maine (Mark Wells), Western University in Ontario, Canada                     beachwatchers, Native tribes and private
  (Charles Trick), Romberg Tiburon Center of the San Francisco State
  University (William Cochlan) and their research teams are using               citizens.
  the HAB LAB to conduct a project titled “The Ecophysiology and
  Toxicity of Heterosigma akashiwo” in Puget Sound.                             • The partnership is called Sound Toxins and
  •The project will characterize the toxins and the environmental               communicates via a database and by e-mail.
  conditions that promote toxin production. This will lead to actions
  that mitigate the impact of Heterosigma akashiwo on farmed fish.                        www.soundtoxins.org
Studying why and when toxin production is tuned on
Field log     Weather           Water column   Aerial photos         Ferry and Satellite       Moorings

     NOAA research
    vessel Noctiluca                              •Red streaks are often caused by a harmless
    (L – R): Dr. Mark                             flagellate called Noctiluca. Most of the time red
 Wells, Brian Bill, Dr.                           water does not mean that toxins are present.
 Vera Trainer, Emily
 Olesin, Nick Adams                               •Root-beer colored water could be flagellates such
                                                  as Gymnodinium, Protoperidinium, and
                                                  Heterosigma.

   Kevin Bright, America Gold                     •Most of these flagellates are harmless but some
    Seafoods holding salmon                       can cause human sickness or death.
       at Cypress Island farm
                                                  •Toxins are often transferred to humans who eat
                                                  shellfish that accumulate toxins by filter feeding.

                                                  •Alexandrium produces saxitoxin, known to cause
                                                  paralytic shellfish poisoning in humans.
Dr. Mark Wells tests
 the effects of trace                             •Heterosigma akashiwo has killed millions of
      metals on the                               farmed fish in Puget Sound since 1989.
growth and toxicity
                                                  Heterosigma kills fish with no apparent impact on
     of Heterosigma
                                                  other animals or humans.
Weather patterns from 5-29-2012 to 6-12-2012
 Field log            Weather                      Water column                            Aerial photos                        Ferry and Satellite                            Moorings

                                  Meteorological conditions typically explain up to half of the variance in observed marine
                                  variables (Moore et al. 2008), particularly in shallower waters like those of South Puget
                                  Sound. I summarized the specific conditions prevalent during the past two weeks, from north
                                  to south. Source: http://www-k12.atmos.washington.edu/k12/grayskies/nw_weather.html
Summary:

Air temperatures during the
past few weeks have generally
been below average.

Sunshine has been weaker than
normal, except in the past
several days, which could be
triggering blooms.

Rivers have been running above
normal, however this trend is
tapering off as flows decrease.

Winds have been predominantly
from the south.

Moore et al. 2008. Local and large-scale climate forcing of Puget Sound oceanographic properties on seasonal to interdecadal timescales. Limnol. Oceanogr., 53(5), 1746–1758
Summary: Aerial photography 6-12-2012
Field log     Weather            Water column              Aerial photos     Ferry and Satellite         Moorings

                     Very large Noctiluca bloom in Central Sound. Strong red-brown bloom and
                     turquoise in Case Inlet. Macro algae in Carr Inlet. Oil sheen in Sinclair Inlet.
                                                                                                   Start here
       Noctiluca bloom in the news
                                                         Mixing and Fronts:           3 8 14




                                                Front
                                                         Fronts between Bainbridge Island and West Seattle,
                                                         and in Squaxin Passage

                                                         Suspended sediment:
                                                Plume    Budd Inlet – sediment mixing with algae bloom

     Picture courtesy Natalie Tacconi
  Noctiluca reaching the shoreline 6-11                  Visible blooms:   7 8 9 10 11 12
                                                         Red-brown and turquoise in Case Inlet. Red-brown
                                                Bloom




                                                         Squaxin Passage. Olive to green in Sinclair Inlet.


                                                         Debris 1 2 3 4 5 8 11 12 13 15
                                                Debris




                                                         Abundant in Central Sound and usual locations in
                                                         South Sound (Squaxin Passage, Case and Carr Inlet)
            Picture courtesy Natalie Tacconi
Field log     Weather                Water column               Aerial photos       Ferry and Satellite     Moorings

     High tides : 1:11 PM,   Low tides: 7:06 AM , 6:08 PM
                                                                                Aerial photography
                                                            1   15              navigation guide
                                                      3

                                                            2
                                                  5
                                                                     14          Flight Information:
                                                            4
                                                  6                              Morning flight:
                                                                     13
                                      7        12                                Limited to poor visibility, calm
                                      11
                         10                                                      Evening flight:
                    9
                                                                                 Limited visibility, calm
                   8
                                                                                  Observation Maps:
                                                                                       Central Sound
                                                                                       South Sound
1                      Aerial photography 6-12-2012                               Navigate

Field log   Weather      Water column       Aerial photos     Ferry and Satellite   Moorings




            ferry
             Debris




   Large Noctiluca bloom in Central Sound. Location: West Seattle (Central Sound), 8:06 AM
2                       Aerial photography 6-12-2012                              Navigate

Field log   Weather      Water column       Aerial photos     Ferry and Satellite   Moorings




                            Debris




   Large Noctiluca bloom in Central Sound. Location: West Seattle (Central Sound), 8:06 AM
3                      Aerial photography 6-12-2012                               Navigate

Field log   Weather     Water column       Aerial photos      Ferry and Satellite   Moorings




                                                                       Debris
Large Noctiluca bloom in Central Sound. Location: Bainbridge Island (Central Sound), 8:07 AM
4                      Aerial photography 6-12-2012                               Navigate

Field log   Weather     Water column       Aerial photos      Ferry and Satellite   Moorings




                              Debris




Large Noctiluca bloom in Central Sound. Location: Bainbridge Island (Central Sound), 8:07 AM
5                      Aerial photography 6-12-2012                               Navigate

Field log   Weather     Water column       Aerial photos      Ferry and Satellite   Moorings




                                                                ferry

                               Debris




Large Noctiluca bloom in Central Sound. Location: Bainbridge Island (Central Sound), 8:08 AM
6                            Aerial photography 6-12-2012                                 Navigate

Field log      Weather         Water column        Aerial photos     Ferry and Satellite   Moorings




                         Oil sheen
               Bloom




            Green algae bloom and oil sheen. Location: Sinclair Inlet (Central Sound), 8:14 AM
7                      Aerial photography 6-12-2012                               Navigate

Field log   Weather     Water column         Aerial photos    Ferry and Satellite   Moorings




                                          Bloom




Brown-red algae bloom & flying under cloud layer. Location: Case Inlet (South Sound), 8:23 AM
8                           Aerial photography 6-12-2012                                 Navigate

Field log   Weather           Water column           Aerial photos   Ferry and Satellite   Moorings




                      Bloom




                                             surface slick




      Different water masses with algae coming from Squaxin Passage (South Sound), 3:58 PM
9                        Aerial photography 6-12-2012                               Navigate

Field log   Weather       Water column       Aerial photos     Ferry and Satellite    Moorings




                                                   Bloom




                                                                        Bloom
            Red-brown and turquoise blooms near Herron Island, Location: Case Inlet
                                   (South Sound), 4:01 PM
10                     Aerial photography 6-12-2012                                Navigate

Field log   Weather       Water column           Aerial photos   Ferry and Satellite   Moorings

A




                                         Bloom




                      Red-brown and turquoise blooms near Herron Island,
                          Location: Case Inlet (South Sound), 4:02 PM
11                        Aerial photography 6-12-2012                             Navigate

Field log   Weather       Water column       Aerial photos    Ferry and Satellite   Moorings




                                              Bloom




                                                                   Debris
              Fronts and debris lines between Tacoma Narrows and Colvos Passage.
                            Location: South Central Sound, 2:48 PM
12                           Aerial photography 6-12-2012                                     Navigate

Field log     Weather        Water column       Aerial photos            Ferry and Satellite   Moorings




                                                    Bloom
                                                                Debris




            Floating macro-algae patches (too small to see on image) and red-brown bloom.
                              Location: Carr Inlet (South Sound) 4:07 PM
13                      Aerial photography 6-12-2012                                    Navigate

Field log    Weather       Water column             Aerial photos   Ferry and Satellite     Moorings

A




                                           Debris
B




                                                                                   Debris
    Noctiluca bloom drifting towards shore Location: (A) Quartermaster Harbor - Vashon Island,
                              (B)East Passage, (Central Sound), 4:15 PM
14                            Aerial photography 6-12-2012                            Navigate

Field log   Weather            Water column    Aerial photos     Ferry and Satellite   Moorings




               barge




                                                        Bloom




                                                                     Front
                       Bloom




       Large Noctiluca bloom between Bainbridge Island and Elliott Bay (Seattle): Location:
                                   Central Sound , 4:20 PM
15                            Aerial photography 6-12-2012                                 Navigate

Field log   Weather            Water column           Aerial photos   Ferry and Satellite   Moorings




                                              Bloom
                      Debris




        Strong algae bloom between Bainbridge Island and West Point (Seattle): Location:
                                   Central Sound , 3:01 PM
Aerial observations in Central Sound, 6-12-2012                                                       Navigate

Field log       Weather             Water column               Aerial photos              Ferry and Satellite             Moorings

                          Morning                                                               Evening


                                                                                                                15
                                         1
                                3

                                2
                            5
            6
                                                                                                                     14
                                             4
                                                                                                                          13




                                    Numbers on map refer to picture numbers for spatial reference
Field log     Weather               Water column                             Aerial photos            Ferry and Satellite   Moorings




                                              Morning (limited visibility)
                                                                                                        7



      Aerial
   photography

 Observations in
  South Sound:
   6-12-2012
                                                                                                        11 12
                                                                                                 10
                                              Evening




                                                                                    8        9
            Navigate



  Numbers on map refer to picture
   numbers for spatial reference
Legend to map annotations                                Navigate

Field log   Weather   Water column   Aerial photos         Ferry and Satellite   Moorings



                                                     Comments:
                                                     Maps are produced by observers
                                                     during and after flights. They are
                                                     intended to give an approximate
                                                     reconstruction of the surface
                                                     conditions on scales that connect
                                                     to and overlap with satellite images
                                                     in the section that follows.
SeaFlow cytometer, (Armbrust Lab)
Field log    Weather             Water column              Aerial photos         Ferry and Satellite      Moorings

                 SeaFlow cytometer                                 Guests: Francois Ribalet and
                                                                           Jared Swalwell
                                                                                        I study how the
                                                                                        environment shapes the
                                                                                        distribution and abundance
                                                                                        of phytoplankton in the
                                                                                        ocean.


                                                                                        I develop new
                                                                                        instrumentation to study
                                                                                        the complex structure of
                                                                                        microbial communities in
                                                                                        the oceans.

                                                                   We use our underway flow cytometer named
                                                                   SeaFlow to examine how physical and chemical
                                                                   gradients influence the distribution, abundance
 5/16/12 - Cell density (106 cells per liter) of 4                 and activity of phytoplankton communities. Our
 phytoplankton populations at 4.5 meters depth along               long-term goal is to determine the selective
 cruise track from Central Sound into Strait of Juan de Fuca.      forces and mechanisms that shape patterns of
                                                                   community structure and function in the oceans.
                   SeaFlow cytometer
SeaFlow cytometer, (Armbrust Lab)
Field log   Weather         Water column                  Aerial photos   Ferry and Satellite   Moorings


                              SeaFlow cytometer                             Victoria Clipper
                                                 16 May                                           13 May
Combining data from
disparate sensors and
   sampling platforms
     provides valuable
    insight (near real-
             time) into
environmental forces
        that shape the
        phytoplankton
 community structure
       in Puget Sound.




                          5/16/12 – Bulk fluorescence of
                          unfiltered (Total) and 100 micron
                          filtered seawater at 4.5 meters depth.
Daily ferry and satellite observations in
                                  Central Sound, 6-10-2012*
 Field log      Weather                Water column              Aerial photos               Ferry and Satellite                    Moorings
 Contact: brandon.sackmann@ecy.wa.gov

                                                                                             10 June                                    10 June




                                                                                 Current Conditions: Reduced
                                                                                 fluorescence south of Edmonds; likely
                                                                                 related to intense Noctiluca bloom.
                                                                                 Temperatures near Triple Junction > 12°C;
                                                                                 associated with freshwater entering
                                                                                 Central Sound from Whidbey Basin.
                                                                                 *Thermosalinograph testing interrupted data collection on 11 June;
                                                                                 Clipper did not run on 12 June.

MERIS True Color image used for spatial context (19 February                --- Daily ‘Quick-Look’ Products Available ---
2011). Image is not coincident with ferry data shown on right.      (http://www.ecy.wa.gov/programs/eap/mar_wat/eops/clipper.html)
Ferry & satellite observations, 4-15-2012 to 5-13-2012
Field log   Weather       Water column   Aerial photos   Ferry and Satellite   Moorings


      The widespread
    Noctiluca bloom in
        Central Sound
    (observed south of
   Edmonds from 47.6-
          47.75N) was
      associated with 3
            conditions:

       1) Clearer water
 (reduced fluorescence
        and turbidity);
 possibly the result of
 increased grazing by
             Noctiluca                                                           12 June

 2) Cooler sea surface
        temperatures

        3) Lower CDOM
         concentrations
Ferry & satellite observations
Field log   Weather        Water column                     Aerial photos   Ferry and Satellite   Moorings


                                                 MODIS-Aqua
                                                 11 June 2012 @ 14:05 PDT


 Modest fluorescence and
satellite chlorophyll levels
 remain in Triple Junction,                                                                         11 June
  north of the area where
   Noctiluca was observed        Chlorophyll a


           Elevated satellite
     chlorophyll levels also
 associated with blooms in
    Carr Inlet and Whidbey
                      Basin.
Mooring observation and trends
                               5-30-2012 to 6-12-2012
Field log     Weather            Water column           Aerial photos          Ferry and Satellite        Moorings


             In Whidbey Basin, higher DO levels correlated with lower salinity and warmer water.
                          In Central Sound, surface waters are cooler and saltier.

 Mukilteo, Whidbey Basin near Everett: At near-bottom (12-16 m; NB), the overall trend was towards warmer and
 less saline water.

 Mean values & trend over past 2 weeks:

     NB:      DO: 9.0 mg/L ( 0.1 mg/L)                      Surface:    Temp: 11.3°C ( 0.2°C)
              Temp: 9.6°C ( 0.8°C)                                       Salinity: 23.8 PSU (0.7 PSU)
              Salinity: 28.4 PSU ( 0.20 PSU)

 Manchester, Central Sound: At near-surface (1.1-5.7 m), the overall trend was towards saltier and cooler water.
 Mean values & trend over past 2 weeks:

     NB:      not reporting                                  Surface:    Temp: 10.6 °C ( 0.8°C)
                                                                         Salinity: 28.3 PSU ( 0.8 PSU)




   Real-time data online (click)
Mooring observation and trends
                                               5-30-2012 to 6-12-2012
Field log              Weather                  Water column                   Aerial photos                 Ferry and Satellite      Moorings
                      Go to our mooring site at: http://www.ecy.wa.gov/programs/eap/mar_wat/moorings.html

                      Summary: : The thickness of the 28.55 showed a similar pattern as the previous month,
                      varying with high river flow, spring tide and wind effects.


    We currently report the thickness of the freshwater layer between Whidbey Basin and
    Central Basin to understand freshwater input to Puget Sound.
                     Daily average depth of the 28.55 isohaline at Mukilteo
                                                                                                               We track the depth of the
                           5/30
                                  5/31




                                                                                               6/10
                                                                                                      6/11
                                                                                                               isohaline where salinity is
                                         6/1
                                               6/2
                                                     6/3
                                                           6/4
                                                                 6/5
                                                                       6/6
                                                                             6/7
                                                                                   6/8
                                                                                         6/9
                      11                                                                                       28.55 (±0.05) to measure
                    11.5                                                                                       the thickness of the
                      12                                                                                       freshwater layer at our
                                                                                                               Mukilteo station. The
    Pressure (db)




                    12.5
                      13
                                                                                                               sensor experiences tidal
                                                                                                               pressure variations of 11.8
                    13.5
                                                                                                               to 15.6 meters (or dbar).
                      14
                    14.5
                      15
                    15.5
                      16                                                                                     Real-time data online (click)
Mooring observation and trends
                           5-30-2012 to 6-12-2012
Field log      Weather      Water column        Aerial photos          Ferry and Satellite          Moorings




                                   0.1
Change in
mg DO/L
over 2 weeks




                                MCH01BR, no
                                real-time
                                reporting for            Left Panel: Probability of finding a specific density
                                this period.             over the past two-week period. High probability
                                                         shown in warm colors.
                                                         Right Panel: Dissolved oxygen concentration in
                                                         relation to salinity. High probability shown in warm
                                                         colors.


               SQX01
               decommissioned
Get data from Ecology’s Monitoring Programs
Field log    Weather         Water column               Aerial photos            Ferry and Satellite          Moorings

   Long–Term                                                                                        Real–Time
Monitoring Network                                                                                Sensor Network




                             Ecology’s long-term marine
                                 monitoring stations
                                                                                                   Ferry and satellite :
  christopher.krembs@ecy.w
                                                                                                brandon.sackmann@ecy.w
            a.gov
                                                                                                          a.gov
                                    Ferry track
                                    Morning flight
                                    Evening flight




     Access core                                                                                  Access mooring
    monitoring data:                           Freshwater Report:
                                               ftp://ecy.wa.gov/EAP/Freshwater
                                                                                                       data:
   http://www.ecy.wa.gov/a                                                                       http://www.ecy.wa.gov/pr
                                               Report/Ambient_Monitoring-
   pps/eap/marinewq/mwda                                                                         ograms/eap/mar_wat/mo
                                               Monthly_Summary.html
           taset.asp                                                                                    orings.html
You may subscribe or unsubscribe to the Eyes Over Puget Sound email listserv by going to:
                   http://listserv.wa.gov/cgi-bin/wa?A0=ECOLOGY-EYES-OVER-PUGET-SOUND
Field log      Weather          Water column            Aerial photos          Ferry and Satellite        Moorings


                                We are looking for feedback to improve our products.

                                               Dr. Christopher Krembs
                                                ckre461@ecy.wa.gov

                                               Marine Monitoring Unit
                                         Environmental Assessment Program
                                             WA Department of Ecology




                            Many thanks to our business partners: Clipper Navigation, Swantown Marina and Kenmore Air.

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Eops 2012 06_12

  • 1. Eyes Over Puget Sound Field log Weather Water column Aerial photos Ferry and Satellite Moorings Surface Conditions Report Noctiluca sp. June 12, 2012 Guest Contributors: Harmful Algal Blooms: Vera Trainer, p. 6-7 Flow Cytometry: Francois Ribalet and Jarred Swalwell, p. 29-30 Start here Up-to-date observations of visible water quality conditions in Puget Sound and the Strait of Juan de Fuca
  • 2. Marine conditions from 6-12-2012 at a glance Field log Weather Water column Aerial photos Ferry and Satellite Moorings Personal flight impression p. 3-4 LONG-TERM MARINE MONITORING UNIT A bonanza of red-orange streaks in Mya Keyzers Central Basin. Noctiluca, a small dinoflagellate Laura Friedenberg with a story to tell. Weather conditions p. 7 Cool weather with recent sun breaks, river flows above normal but trending lower. Skip Albertson Aerial photography p. 9-28 Large Noctiluca bloom in Central Sound Dr. Christopher Strong red-brown bloom and turquoise in Krembs Case Inlet. Oil sheen in Sinclair Inlet. Ferry and satellite p. 31-33 Dr. Brandon Reduced fluorescence south of Edmonds; likely Sackmann related to intense Noctiluca bloom. In-situ mooring data p. 34-36 In the Whidbey Basin, higher DO levels David Mora coincide with lower salinity and warmer water. Suzan Pool Previous Eyes Over Puget Sound reports: www.ecy.wa.gov/programs/eap/mar_wat/eops/
  • 3. Personal flight impression, 6-12-2012 Field log Weather Water column Aerial photos Ferry and Satellite Moorings Marine Flight 3 (Central Sound) Washington Conservation Corps volunteer Natalie Tacconi Summer is here and Puget Sound is in bloom! The water looked amazing from the plane as we saw orange, green, and red blooms everywhere. These masses of plankton form thick, colorful streaks in the water. In some cases we sampled in the middle of a bloom, which allowed us to grab a sample for plankton identification, which we sent to Gabriela Hannach at King County for species information. Bloom near Elliott Bay Photo Courtesy of Natalie Tacconi
  • 4. Personal flight impression, 6-12-2012 Field log Weather Water column Aerial photos Ferry and Satellite Moorings While flying near Commencement and Elliott Bays, we saw large masses of the dinoflagellate, Noctiluca. High densities of Noctiluca look like bright orange swirls from the air (see next page) On the way to Sinclair Inlet from Eagle Harbor we Noctiluca bloom near Commencement Bay saw another conglomeration of Noctiluca in Port Blakely. The water sampling and sensor data collection was a success and we were all excited to be out on the water during these massive blooms. We are curious to see how the blooms will look next month! Background Photo Courtesy of Natalie Tacconi Noctiluca bloom in Port Blakely
  • 5. Species corner: Noctiluca and the spring bloom Field log Weather Water column Aerial photos Ferry and Satellite Moorings Phytoplankton ID contribution: Gabriela Hannach, King County Environmental Lab Although Noctiluca scintillans (left) does not produce any harmful toxins, the cells can accumulate ammonia that may be harmful to fish when released into the surrounding water. Noctiluca is a large dinoflagellate that often causes blooms in Puget Sound. It feeds on particulate matter, especially other algae which Noctiluca is 0.5 mm across, when abundant will fuel the with a tentacle that helps in bloom. the movement of food Diatom blooms continue in particles. Puget Sound and are likely feeding the Noctiluca populations. Rhizosolenia (background image), a needle- like diatom, is currently very abundant in the Sound.
  • 6. Sound Toxins, NOAA’s Northwest Fisheries Science Center Field log Weather Water column Aerial photos Ferry and Satellite Moorings Mobile Harmful Algal Bloom Rapid Guest: Vera Trainer (NOAA) Response Laboratory (HAB LAB) What’s blooming in Puget Sound this summer? Phytoplankton species can form dense blooms and discolor the water. link • A network of volunteers across Puget Sound conducts weekly phytoplankton monitoring that alert researchers and managers of Heterosigma bloom locations as well as any other unusual bloom events. • Volunteers include fish farmers, shellfish •Project investigators from NOAA (Vera Trainer), University of growers, environmental learning centers, Maine (Mark Wells), Western University in Ontario, Canada beachwatchers, Native tribes and private (Charles Trick), Romberg Tiburon Center of the San Francisco State University (William Cochlan) and their research teams are using citizens. the HAB LAB to conduct a project titled “The Ecophysiology and Toxicity of Heterosigma akashiwo” in Puget Sound. • The partnership is called Sound Toxins and •The project will characterize the toxins and the environmental communicates via a database and by e-mail. conditions that promote toxin production. This will lead to actions that mitigate the impact of Heterosigma akashiwo on farmed fish. www.soundtoxins.org
  • 7. Studying why and when toxin production is tuned on Field log Weather Water column Aerial photos Ferry and Satellite Moorings NOAA research vessel Noctiluca •Red streaks are often caused by a harmless (L – R): Dr. Mark flagellate called Noctiluca. Most of the time red Wells, Brian Bill, Dr. water does not mean that toxins are present. Vera Trainer, Emily Olesin, Nick Adams •Root-beer colored water could be flagellates such as Gymnodinium, Protoperidinium, and Heterosigma. Kevin Bright, America Gold •Most of these flagellates are harmless but some Seafoods holding salmon can cause human sickness or death. at Cypress Island farm •Toxins are often transferred to humans who eat shellfish that accumulate toxins by filter feeding. •Alexandrium produces saxitoxin, known to cause paralytic shellfish poisoning in humans. Dr. Mark Wells tests the effects of trace •Heterosigma akashiwo has killed millions of metals on the farmed fish in Puget Sound since 1989. growth and toxicity Heterosigma kills fish with no apparent impact on of Heterosigma other animals or humans.
  • 8. Weather patterns from 5-29-2012 to 6-12-2012 Field log Weather Water column Aerial photos Ferry and Satellite Moorings Meteorological conditions typically explain up to half of the variance in observed marine variables (Moore et al. 2008), particularly in shallower waters like those of South Puget Sound. I summarized the specific conditions prevalent during the past two weeks, from north to south. Source: http://www-k12.atmos.washington.edu/k12/grayskies/nw_weather.html Summary: Air temperatures during the past few weeks have generally been below average. Sunshine has been weaker than normal, except in the past several days, which could be triggering blooms. Rivers have been running above normal, however this trend is tapering off as flows decrease. Winds have been predominantly from the south. Moore et al. 2008. Local and large-scale climate forcing of Puget Sound oceanographic properties on seasonal to interdecadal timescales. Limnol. Oceanogr., 53(5), 1746–1758
  • 9. Summary: Aerial photography 6-12-2012 Field log Weather Water column Aerial photos Ferry and Satellite Moorings Very large Noctiluca bloom in Central Sound. Strong red-brown bloom and turquoise in Case Inlet. Macro algae in Carr Inlet. Oil sheen in Sinclair Inlet. Start here Noctiluca bloom in the news Mixing and Fronts: 3 8 14 Front Fronts between Bainbridge Island and West Seattle, and in Squaxin Passage Suspended sediment: Plume Budd Inlet – sediment mixing with algae bloom Picture courtesy Natalie Tacconi Noctiluca reaching the shoreline 6-11 Visible blooms: 7 8 9 10 11 12 Red-brown and turquoise in Case Inlet. Red-brown Bloom Squaxin Passage. Olive to green in Sinclair Inlet. Debris 1 2 3 4 5 8 11 12 13 15 Debris Abundant in Central Sound and usual locations in South Sound (Squaxin Passage, Case and Carr Inlet) Picture courtesy Natalie Tacconi
  • 10. Field log Weather Water column Aerial photos Ferry and Satellite Moorings High tides : 1:11 PM, Low tides: 7:06 AM , 6:08 PM Aerial photography 1 15 navigation guide 3 2 5 14 Flight Information: 4 6 Morning flight: 13 7 12 Limited to poor visibility, calm 11 10 Evening flight: 9 Limited visibility, calm 8 Observation Maps: Central Sound South Sound
  • 11. 1 Aerial photography 6-12-2012 Navigate Field log Weather Water column Aerial photos Ferry and Satellite Moorings ferry Debris Large Noctiluca bloom in Central Sound. Location: West Seattle (Central Sound), 8:06 AM
  • 12. 2 Aerial photography 6-12-2012 Navigate Field log Weather Water column Aerial photos Ferry and Satellite Moorings Debris Large Noctiluca bloom in Central Sound. Location: West Seattle (Central Sound), 8:06 AM
  • 13. 3 Aerial photography 6-12-2012 Navigate Field log Weather Water column Aerial photos Ferry and Satellite Moorings Debris Large Noctiluca bloom in Central Sound. Location: Bainbridge Island (Central Sound), 8:07 AM
  • 14. 4 Aerial photography 6-12-2012 Navigate Field log Weather Water column Aerial photos Ferry and Satellite Moorings Debris Large Noctiluca bloom in Central Sound. Location: Bainbridge Island (Central Sound), 8:07 AM
  • 15. 5 Aerial photography 6-12-2012 Navigate Field log Weather Water column Aerial photos Ferry and Satellite Moorings ferry Debris Large Noctiluca bloom in Central Sound. Location: Bainbridge Island (Central Sound), 8:08 AM
  • 16. 6 Aerial photography 6-12-2012 Navigate Field log Weather Water column Aerial photos Ferry and Satellite Moorings Oil sheen Bloom Green algae bloom and oil sheen. Location: Sinclair Inlet (Central Sound), 8:14 AM
  • 17. 7 Aerial photography 6-12-2012 Navigate Field log Weather Water column Aerial photos Ferry and Satellite Moorings Bloom Brown-red algae bloom & flying under cloud layer. Location: Case Inlet (South Sound), 8:23 AM
  • 18. 8 Aerial photography 6-12-2012 Navigate Field log Weather Water column Aerial photos Ferry and Satellite Moorings Bloom surface slick Different water masses with algae coming from Squaxin Passage (South Sound), 3:58 PM
  • 19. 9 Aerial photography 6-12-2012 Navigate Field log Weather Water column Aerial photos Ferry and Satellite Moorings Bloom Bloom Red-brown and turquoise blooms near Herron Island, Location: Case Inlet (South Sound), 4:01 PM
  • 20. 10 Aerial photography 6-12-2012 Navigate Field log Weather Water column Aerial photos Ferry and Satellite Moorings A Bloom Red-brown and turquoise blooms near Herron Island, Location: Case Inlet (South Sound), 4:02 PM
  • 21. 11 Aerial photography 6-12-2012 Navigate Field log Weather Water column Aerial photos Ferry and Satellite Moorings Bloom Debris Fronts and debris lines between Tacoma Narrows and Colvos Passage. Location: South Central Sound, 2:48 PM
  • 22. 12 Aerial photography 6-12-2012 Navigate Field log Weather Water column Aerial photos Ferry and Satellite Moorings Bloom Debris Floating macro-algae patches (too small to see on image) and red-brown bloom. Location: Carr Inlet (South Sound) 4:07 PM
  • 23. 13 Aerial photography 6-12-2012 Navigate Field log Weather Water column Aerial photos Ferry and Satellite Moorings A Debris B Debris Noctiluca bloom drifting towards shore Location: (A) Quartermaster Harbor - Vashon Island, (B)East Passage, (Central Sound), 4:15 PM
  • 24. 14 Aerial photography 6-12-2012 Navigate Field log Weather Water column Aerial photos Ferry and Satellite Moorings barge Bloom Front Bloom Large Noctiluca bloom between Bainbridge Island and Elliott Bay (Seattle): Location: Central Sound , 4:20 PM
  • 25. 15 Aerial photography 6-12-2012 Navigate Field log Weather Water column Aerial photos Ferry and Satellite Moorings Bloom Debris Strong algae bloom between Bainbridge Island and West Point (Seattle): Location: Central Sound , 3:01 PM
  • 26. Aerial observations in Central Sound, 6-12-2012 Navigate Field log Weather Water column Aerial photos Ferry and Satellite Moorings Morning Evening 15 1 3 2 5 6 14 4 13 Numbers on map refer to picture numbers for spatial reference
  • 27. Field log Weather Water column Aerial photos Ferry and Satellite Moorings Morning (limited visibility) 7 Aerial photography Observations in South Sound: 6-12-2012 11 12 10 Evening 8 9 Navigate Numbers on map refer to picture numbers for spatial reference
  • 28. Legend to map annotations Navigate Field log Weather Water column Aerial photos Ferry and Satellite Moorings Comments: Maps are produced by observers during and after flights. They are intended to give an approximate reconstruction of the surface conditions on scales that connect to and overlap with satellite images in the section that follows.
  • 29. SeaFlow cytometer, (Armbrust Lab) Field log Weather Water column Aerial photos Ferry and Satellite Moorings SeaFlow cytometer Guests: Francois Ribalet and Jared Swalwell I study how the environment shapes the distribution and abundance of phytoplankton in the ocean. I develop new instrumentation to study the complex structure of microbial communities in the oceans. We use our underway flow cytometer named SeaFlow to examine how physical and chemical gradients influence the distribution, abundance 5/16/12 - Cell density (106 cells per liter) of 4 and activity of phytoplankton communities. Our phytoplankton populations at 4.5 meters depth along long-term goal is to determine the selective cruise track from Central Sound into Strait of Juan de Fuca. forces and mechanisms that shape patterns of community structure and function in the oceans. SeaFlow cytometer
  • 30. SeaFlow cytometer, (Armbrust Lab) Field log Weather Water column Aerial photos Ferry and Satellite Moorings SeaFlow cytometer Victoria Clipper 16 May 13 May Combining data from disparate sensors and sampling platforms provides valuable insight (near real- time) into environmental forces that shape the phytoplankton community structure in Puget Sound. 5/16/12 – Bulk fluorescence of unfiltered (Total) and 100 micron filtered seawater at 4.5 meters depth.
  • 31. Daily ferry and satellite observations in Central Sound, 6-10-2012* Field log Weather Water column Aerial photos Ferry and Satellite Moorings Contact: brandon.sackmann@ecy.wa.gov 10 June 10 June Current Conditions: Reduced fluorescence south of Edmonds; likely related to intense Noctiluca bloom. Temperatures near Triple Junction > 12°C; associated with freshwater entering Central Sound from Whidbey Basin. *Thermosalinograph testing interrupted data collection on 11 June; Clipper did not run on 12 June. MERIS True Color image used for spatial context (19 February --- Daily ‘Quick-Look’ Products Available --- 2011). Image is not coincident with ferry data shown on right. (http://www.ecy.wa.gov/programs/eap/mar_wat/eops/clipper.html)
  • 32. Ferry & satellite observations, 4-15-2012 to 5-13-2012 Field log Weather Water column Aerial photos Ferry and Satellite Moorings The widespread Noctiluca bloom in Central Sound (observed south of Edmonds from 47.6- 47.75N) was associated with 3 conditions: 1) Clearer water (reduced fluorescence and turbidity); possibly the result of increased grazing by Noctiluca 12 June 2) Cooler sea surface temperatures 3) Lower CDOM concentrations
  • 33. Ferry & satellite observations Field log Weather Water column Aerial photos Ferry and Satellite Moorings MODIS-Aqua 11 June 2012 @ 14:05 PDT Modest fluorescence and satellite chlorophyll levels remain in Triple Junction, 11 June north of the area where Noctiluca was observed Chlorophyll a Elevated satellite chlorophyll levels also associated with blooms in Carr Inlet and Whidbey Basin.
  • 34. Mooring observation and trends 5-30-2012 to 6-12-2012 Field log Weather Water column Aerial photos Ferry and Satellite Moorings In Whidbey Basin, higher DO levels correlated with lower salinity and warmer water. In Central Sound, surface waters are cooler and saltier. Mukilteo, Whidbey Basin near Everett: At near-bottom (12-16 m; NB), the overall trend was towards warmer and less saline water. Mean values & trend over past 2 weeks: NB: DO: 9.0 mg/L ( 0.1 mg/L) Surface: Temp: 11.3°C ( 0.2°C) Temp: 9.6°C ( 0.8°C) Salinity: 23.8 PSU (0.7 PSU) Salinity: 28.4 PSU ( 0.20 PSU) Manchester, Central Sound: At near-surface (1.1-5.7 m), the overall trend was towards saltier and cooler water. Mean values & trend over past 2 weeks: NB: not reporting Surface: Temp: 10.6 °C ( 0.8°C) Salinity: 28.3 PSU ( 0.8 PSU) Real-time data online (click)
  • 35. Mooring observation and trends 5-30-2012 to 6-12-2012 Field log Weather Water column Aerial photos Ferry and Satellite Moorings Go to our mooring site at: http://www.ecy.wa.gov/programs/eap/mar_wat/moorings.html Summary: : The thickness of the 28.55 showed a similar pattern as the previous month, varying with high river flow, spring tide and wind effects. We currently report the thickness of the freshwater layer between Whidbey Basin and Central Basin to understand freshwater input to Puget Sound. Daily average depth of the 28.55 isohaline at Mukilteo We track the depth of the 5/30 5/31 6/10 6/11 isohaline where salinity is 6/1 6/2 6/3 6/4 6/5 6/6 6/7 6/8 6/9 11 28.55 (±0.05) to measure 11.5 the thickness of the 12 freshwater layer at our Mukilteo station. The Pressure (db) 12.5 13 sensor experiences tidal pressure variations of 11.8 13.5 to 15.6 meters (or dbar). 14 14.5 15 15.5 16 Real-time data online (click)
  • 36. Mooring observation and trends 5-30-2012 to 6-12-2012 Field log Weather Water column Aerial photos Ferry and Satellite Moorings 0.1 Change in mg DO/L over 2 weeks MCH01BR, no real-time reporting for Left Panel: Probability of finding a specific density this period. over the past two-week period. High probability shown in warm colors. Right Panel: Dissolved oxygen concentration in relation to salinity. High probability shown in warm colors. SQX01 decommissioned
  • 37. Get data from Ecology’s Monitoring Programs Field log Weather Water column Aerial photos Ferry and Satellite Moorings Long–Term Real–Time Monitoring Network Sensor Network Ecology’s long-term marine monitoring stations Ferry and satellite : christopher.krembs@ecy.w brandon.sackmann@ecy.w a.gov a.gov Ferry track Morning flight Evening flight Access core Access mooring monitoring data: Freshwater Report: ftp://ecy.wa.gov/EAP/Freshwater data: http://www.ecy.wa.gov/a http://www.ecy.wa.gov/pr Report/Ambient_Monitoring- pps/eap/marinewq/mwda ograms/eap/mar_wat/mo Monthly_Summary.html taset.asp orings.html
  • 38. You may subscribe or unsubscribe to the Eyes Over Puget Sound email listserv by going to: http://listserv.wa.gov/cgi-bin/wa?A0=ECOLOGY-EYES-OVER-PUGET-SOUND Field log Weather Water column Aerial photos Ferry and Satellite Moorings We are looking for feedback to improve our products. Dr. Christopher Krembs ckre461@ecy.wa.gov Marine Monitoring Unit Environmental Assessment Program WA Department of Ecology Many thanks to our business partners: Clipper Navigation, Swantown Marina and Kenmore Air.