13. ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
It is composed of glands
that secrete different
types of hormones that
affect almost every cell,
organ, and function of our
body.
It is essential in regulating
growth and development,
metabolism, as well as
reproductive processes,
and mood.
15. Endocrine
Glands
•secretes chemicals into the
bloodstream known as…
Hormones
•will be carried into the
bloodstream to its target organ
to produce notable…
Effect
•that can take a few
hours or even weeks or
years
18. LOCATION HORMONES RELEASED FUNCTION
at the base
of the brain
Melatonin a serotonin-derived
hormone which modulates
sleep patterns in both
circadian and seasonal
cycles
20. LOCATION HORMONES RELEASED FUNCTION
at the base
of the brain
Oxytocin, Vasopressin, Growth
Hormone, Adrenocorticotropic
Hormone (ACTH), Prolactin,
Luteinizing Hormone (LH), Follicle
Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
stimulates
growth and
controls the
functions of
the other
22. LOCATION
on the thyroid glands
HORMONES RELEASED
Parathormone
FUNCTION
controls the calcium
levels in your body,
and normalizes bone
growth
LOCATION
below the voice box
HORMONES RELEASED
Thyroxin
Calcitonin
FUNCTION
regulates body
metabolism, and
causes storage of
calcium in bones
PARATHYROID THYROID
28. LOCATION
on top of the kidneys
HORMONES RELEASED
Adrenaline
FUNCTION
prepares the body for
action, controls the heart
rate and breathing in
times of emergency
35. GLAND LOCATION HORMONES FUNCTION
EFFECT IN THE
BODY
Pineal Gland
at the base
of the brain
Melatonin
modulates
sleep patterns
in both
circadian and
seasonal cycles
sleep
Pituitary Gland
Oxytocin,
Vasopressin,
Growth
Hormone,
ACTH,
Prolactin, LH,
FSH
stimulates
growth and
controls the
functions of the
other glands
growing taller,
ovulation,
lactation
36. GLAND LOCATION HORMONES FUNCTION
EFFECT IN THE
BODY
Parathyroid
Gland
on the
thyroid
glands
Parathormone
controls the calcium
levels in your body,
and normalizes
bone growth
burning up
calories during
exercise,
weight
gain/loss,
regulation of
heart beat
Thyroid
Gland
below the
voice box
Thyroxin
Calcitonin
regulates body
metabolism, and
causes storage of
calcium in bones
Thymus
in front of
the heart
Thymosin
enables the body
to produce certain
antibodies
increase in
body
temperature or
having a fever
37. GLAND LOCATION HORMONES FUNCTION
EFFECT IN THE
BODY
Adrenal
Gland
on top of
kidneys
Adrenaline
prepares the body
for action
especially during
emergencies
having extra
energy and
strength
Pancreas
between
the kidneys
Insulin
Glucagon
regulates blood
sugar level
having energy
for daily
activities
Testes
lower
abdomen
Androgen
Testosterone controls the
maturation and
function of male
and female
characteristics
body hairs, male
organ
maturation and
function
Ovaries
Estrogen
Progesterone menstruation,
41. A. Identify the hormones released by the endocrine glands indicated
below. Write your answers on the blank before the number.
____________ 1.) Ovaries ____________ 6.) Pituitary
____________ 2.) ____________ 7.) Pineal
____________ 3.) Testes ____________ 8.)
Parathyroid
____________ 4.) Thymus ____________ 9.) Pancreas
____________ 5.) Thyroid ____________ 10.) Adrenal
43. B. Answer the following guide questions given on your Learner’s Material, page 243. Write your answer on
your notebook.
1.) Which gland of the endocrine and nervous system controls the other glands in the body?
2.) How will you differentiate thyroid and parathyroid glands in terms of location and function?
3.) If a person’s blood sugar level becomes unstable, what glands might be involved in the problem?
4.) How important is the thymus gland in keeping your body free from diseases?
5.) What might happen to a person born without a thymus gland?
6.) How will you explain the sudden boost of energy, increased strength and extraordinary ability to lift very
heavy objects especially during emergency situations?
7.) Why is injecting insulin an essential part of the daily regime for most people with diabetes?
8.) Why does the menstrual cycle stop during menopause?
9.) How do oral contraceptives, specifically birth control pills, prevent pregnancy?
10.) Breastfeeding releases oxytocin and prolactin, hormones that relax the mother and make her feel more
nurturing toward her baby. On the other hand, how does the baby benefit from the production of these
hormones in the mother’s body?
44. ASSIGNMENT:
Answer the following questions below.
What is hormonal imbalance?
Enumerate different endocrine disease and disorders.
Be ready for a graded recitation and activity next meeting.
Editor's Notes
MELATONIN is also known as sleeping hormone.
PITUITARY GLAND – controls the output of the other glands.
HYPOTHALAMUS - is a small region of the brain. It’s located at the base of the brain, near the pituitary gland. It is involved in different daily activities like eating or drinking, in the control of the body's temperature and energy maintenance, and in the process of memorizing and in stress control.
OXYTOCIN – also known as love hormone. It is released during childbirth, sex, and lactation to help reproductive functions but it is also associated with emotional responses (empathy, trust), sexual activity, and relationship-building.
VASOPRESSIN - regulate lactation and water balance. It is responsible for urine and thirst regulation so you won’t experience dehydration.
ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE (ACTH) – it stimulates the production and release of cortisol from the cortex (outer part) of the adrenal gland. For metabolism and immune response.
PROLACTIN – responsible for milk production and development of mammary glands within breast tissues.
LUTEINIZING HORMONE - It also triggers the release of an egg from the ovary (ovulation).
FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE - helps control the menstrual cycle and stimulates the growth of eggs in the ovaries.
Parathormone - stimulates the release of calcium
WHAT WILL HAPPEN IF THE BLOOD CALCIUM LEVELS ARE NOT CONTROLLED?
Hypercalcemia is a condition in which the calcium level in your blood is above normal. Too much calcium in your blood can weaken your bones, create kidney stones, and interfere with how your heart and brain work. Hypercalcemia is usually a result of overactive parathyroid glands.
CAN DRINKING TOO MUCH MILK CAUSE HYPERCALCEMIA?
Hypercalcemia is not caused by drinking too much milk or by eating too many dairy products.
THYROXINE - It plays vital roles in digestion (weight gain/loss), heart (regulating heart beat/rate) and muscle function, brain development and maintenance of bones.
CALCITONIN - regulate levels of calcium and phosphate in the blood, opposing the action of parathyroid hormone. This means that it acts to reduce calcium levels in the blood.
THYMOSIN – production of T-cells (acts like soldiers who search out and destroy targeted invaders)
ADRENALINE – helps your body react more quickly. It makes the heart beat faster, increases blood flow to the brain and muscles, and stimulates the body to make sugar to use for fuel.
ANDROGEN refers to male hormones because androgens don’t just impact our sexual health; they also play a role in our metabolism, our insulin sensitivity, and possibly our body composition.
So, what is the difference between androgen and testosterone?
TESTOSTERONE is a type of androgen hormone that is very important for sexual development of the male sex organ and male characteristics.
ESTROGEN – helps develop and maintain both the reproductive system and female characteristics, such as breasts and pubic hair.
PROGESTERONE – helps prepare your body for conception and pregnancy and regulates the monthly menstrual cycle.
