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09/02/2023 QMS - Course - 022 Working at Height 1
QMS-Course-022 Working at Height – Including Drops
Rev:2 12/02/2019
09/02/2023 QMS - Course - 022 Working at Height 2
QMS-Course-022 Working at Height
 PPE must be worn if entering workshop training areas.
 Location of toilets- two in main entrance corridor and one next to
kitchenette.
 Coffee available in kitchen.
 Designated smoking area, outside in yard in smoking shelter.
 Mobiles on silent and should not be used until breaks or course.
 Any safety issues you become aware of please advise a member
of staff.
 Personal effects can be stored in locker room.
Facility Induction
09/02/2023 QMS - Course - 022 Working at Height 3
QMS-Course-022 Working at Height
 Muster on grass area adjacent main gate.
 A staff member will conduct a role call.
 Accidents, Illness and Injury.
 First Aid – Claire Campbell in Administration is First Aider.
 Report any incident to trainer who will document as per
company & insurance requirements.
 Equipment used on course is regularly inspected report
any defects to trainer.
 If fire alarm sounds leave by nearest exit.
Facility Induction
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QMS-Course-022 Working at Height
Course Aim
 The aim of this course is to give delegates an understanding of
the hazards involved with working at height (WAH) within the
workplace.
 Not only the risk of falling but also being struck by falling &
dropped objects.
 Introduction to industry “DROPS Campaign”
 Understand the principles of collective and personal protection
and their assessment & identification in the planning stage,
 And subsequent selection of equipment for WAH operations
and exposure to that equipment.
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QMS-Course-022 Working at Height
Objectives
You will have:
 An awareness of “The Working at Height Regulations 2005”.
 An understanding of employer/employee responsibilities.
 Fall protection hierarchy.
 Fall arrest systems.
 The planning process.
 Awareness of oil Industry initiative on DROPS
09/02/2023 QMS - Course - 022 Working at Height 6
QMS-Course-022 Working at Height
Objectives
 Equipment selection
 Testing and recording
 Fragile surfaces
 Scaffolding
 Ladders
 Fall Arrest
 Rescue equipment
09/02/2023 QMS - Course - 022 Working at Height 7
QMS-Course-022 Working at Height
Legislation “The Working at Height Regulations 2005”.
09/02/2023 QMS - Course - 022 Working at Height 8
QMS-Course-022 Working at Height
Legislation
Health and Safety At Work Etc. Act 1974
Regulations
ACOP
Guidance
Company Policies & Procedures
Regulations
Regulations
Regulations Regulations
ACOP ACOP ACOP ACOP
Guidance
Guidance Guidance Guidance
PUWER 1998
MHSW
1999
PPE 1992
Working At
Height 2005
LOLER 1998
EU Directives
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QMS-Course-022 Working at Height
WAH Statistics.
09/02/2023 QMS - Course - 022 Working at Height 10
QMS-Course-022 Working at Height
Legislation - Working at Height Regulations 2005
Work at height means work in any place where, if precautions
were not taken, a person could fall a distance liable to cause
personal injury.
For example you are working at height if you:
 Are working on a ladder or a flat roof;
 Could fall through a fragile surface;
 Could fall into an opening in a floor or a hole in the ground.
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QMS-Course-022 Working at Height
Examples of WAH Incidents.
Manufacturer fined after contractor suffers fatal fall through skylight
 A carton manufacturer has been fined after a contractor suffered fatal head injuries after falling through a broken
skylight.
 a contractor suffered fatal head injuries when he fell six metres through a broken skylight in the roof to the factory floor
below.
 An investigation by the Health and Safety Executive (HSE) into the incident found that the company failed to assess
the risks of working at height and failed to implement a safe system of work giving consideration to the hierarchy
of control found in the work at height regulations.
 The company has been fined £200,000 and ordered to pay costs of £12,569.52.
 Speaking after the hearing, HSE inspector stated that in this case the duty holder failed to properly assess the
risks and introduce a system of work that could have easily prevented this death.
 “Duty holders have a duty to protect not only their employees but also their contractors.”
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QMS-Course-022 Working at Height
Examples of WAH Incidents.
 Due to lack of proper procedures and safeguards in place, a painter, fell around 10 feet through a waiting room ceiling.
 The IP incurred severe ligament damage, and hasn’t been able to return to his job as an industrial painter since the
accident – which happened on January 7th, 2018.
 The contractor, was given a site induction when he first arrived at the job on December 18th, 2017, but he wasn’t briefed
on the risk assessment. The RA, unbeknown to the contractor, specified that workers should wear full body harness.
 When he returned to work on January 7th after the festive break, he wasn’t given another safety briefing and, crucially,
wasn’t warned about the fragile roofs.
 Subsequently, he fell through the unguarded ceiling and into the waiting room that morning.
 During prosecution, both companies involved – were fined a grand total of £965,000 after admitting charges under
Section 3(1) of the Health and Safety at Work Act 1974.
 HSE Rep stated: “The most unnerving issue around this situation is the fact that it could’ve been avoided so easily,
simply through proactive communication”.
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QMS-Course-022 Working at Height
Legislation - Working at Height Regulations 2005
The legislation identifies that anybody that works at height to be competent???
 You should make sure that people with sufficient skills, knowledge and experience are
employed to perform the task.
 In the case of low-risk, short duration tasks involving ladders, competence requirements may
be no more than making sure employees receive instruction on how to use the equipment
safely (e.g. how to tie a ladder properly) and appropriate training in equipment used.
 When a more technical level of competence is required, for example drawing up a plan for
assembling a complex scaffold, existing training and certification schemes drawn up by trade
associations and industry is one way to help demonstrate competence.
09/02/2023 QMS - Course - 022 Working at Height 14
QMS-Course-022 Working at Height
Legislation - Working at Height Regulations 2005
Legal duties under WAH regulations:
 Understand potential hazards relating to work or equipment.
 Identify who controls the work and lines of communications.
 Understand the principles of fall protection.
 Recognise safe and unsafe situations.
 Understand how to deal with hazards.
09/02/2023 QMS - Course - 022 Working at Height 15
QMS-Course-022 Working at Height
Legislation – Hazard Hierarchy of Fall Protection
1. Hazard Elimination - Preferred solution is to eliminate
exposure to the fall hazard
2. Passive Fall Protection – Physical Barriers, like
guardrails around unprotected edges and covers over
holes.
3. Fall Restraint – Use PPE to restrict the workers range of
movement so they cannot fall. (Training required in these
methods).
4. Fall Arrest System – Use PPE to arrest a fall within
acceptable limits. (Training & rescue planning required).
5. Admin Controls – Least preferred solution is work
practices or procedures that increase a workers
awareness off a fall hazard.
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QMS-Course-022 Working at Height
Employer Responsibilities
Every employer shall ensure that work at height is:
 Properly planned.
 Appropriately supervised.
 Carried out in a manner which is so far as reasonably
practicable safe.
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QMS-Course-022 Working at Height
Planning
For safe operations correct planning and supervision
should be implemented and include the following:
 Risk Assessment.
 Permit to Work, where in operation.
 Work instruction utilising relevant legislation.
 Method statements
 Collectively known as safe systems of work.
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QMS-Course-022 Working at Height
Risk Assessment
Identify Hazards
Record your significant
findings
Decide who might be
harmed and how
Evaluate the risks and decide
on precautions
Review your assessment and
update if necessary
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QMS-Course-022 Working at Height
Risk Assessment
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QMS-Course-022 Working at Height
Risk Assessment
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QMS-Course-022 Working at Height
Rescue Planning
 During planning there must be contingency rescue plans in
place in the unlikely event of emergencies occurring that
require rescue.
 e.g. When a fall arrest harness has been deployed, how are
we going to rescue the person before orthostatic intolerance
becomes a problem.
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QMS-Course-022 Working at Height
Hazards associated with WAH
 Environment
 Dropped objects
 Fragile surfaces
 Fatigue
 Competency of personnel
 Incorrect selecting of equipment
 Orthostatic Intolerance
 Falling
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QMS-Course-022 Working at Height
Hazards When WAH – Falls
The most obvious hazard of working at height is falling
The nature and extent of an injury from a fall from height may be
influenced by:
 Height from which the person fell
 Angle of impact
 Suitability of personal protective equipment
 Equipment being carried
 Landing surface
 Impact with protrusions/objects during a fall.
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QMS-Course-022 Working at Height
Environment
Every employer shall ensure that work at height is carried out only
when environmental conditions do not jeopardise the health or safety of
persons involved in the work.
These conditions could include:
 Working temperature, External Temperatures
 Sea state, Wind speed
 Worksite location
 Day / Night shift
 Simultaneous Operations
09/02/2023 QMS - Course - 022 Working at Height 25
QMS-Course-022 Working at Height
Hazards When WAH – Fragile Surfaces
 The employer must ensure, “so far as is reasonably practicable, that suitable and sufficient
platforms, coverings, guard rails or similar means of support or protection are provided and
used.”
 Prominent warning notices are affixed at the approach to the place where the fragile surface
is situated.
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QMS-Course-022 Working at Height
Hazards When WAH – Physical & Mental
 Snow & Ice on roofs.
 Inappropriate access equipment.
 Unfit workers.
 Condition of areas to be worked in.
 Unrealistic job completion times.
 Supervisors instructions.
 Availability of PPE
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QMS-Course-022 Working at Height
Hazards When WAH – Incorrect Selection of Equipment
Working at height involves movement around the area
and can include the use of equipment such as:
 Ladders
 Scaffolds
 Mobile Elevating Work Platforms (MEWPS)
 Scaffold towers
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QMS-Course-022 Working at Height
Hazards When WAH – Suspension Syncope
If the rescuer is unable to
immediately release a conscious
casualty from a suspended position,
what happens?
Then elevation of the legs by the
casualty or rescuer where safely
possible may prolong tolerance of
suspension.
 Fall is stopped by harness
 Blood flow impeded by straps
 Blood collects in large muscles
 Blood flow to heart reduced
 Danger & pain increases heart rate
 Heart slows due to low blood return
 More blood collects in legs
 Body reflex reduces heart rate &
pressure
 Blood flow to brain fails
 Victim looses consciousness
 Blood to brain continues to fall
 Brain damage
 Eventual death
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QMS-Course-022 Working at Height
Hazards When WAH – Suspension Syncope
 If someone is suspended in a harness leg
movement may reduce the effects of orthostatic
intolerance.
 Leg Loop Safety Straps can provide the means for
a worker who has fallen, to stand in their harness
“Leg Loops” while waiting for rescue.
 Standing relieves pressure on the legs and may
prevent the effects of orthostatic intolerance.
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QMS-Course-022 Working at Height
Hazards When WAH – Suspension Syncope
First responders to persons in harness suspension should be
able to recognise the symptoms of pre-syncope.
These include light headedness; nausea; sensations of flushing;
tingling or numbness of the arms or legs; anxiety; visual
disturbance; or a feeling they are about to faint.
(Motionless head up suspension can lead to pre-syncope in most
normal subjects within 1 hour and in a fifth within 10 minutes.)
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QMS-Course-022 Working at Height
Collective and Passive Protection Measures
Collective and Passive Protection Measures
An assembly of components or equipment which provides fall
protection, for all persons working at a position, without
requiring any action on their part to be effective (guardrails,
safety nets)
Personal Protection Measure
An assembly of components or equipment which provides fall
protection for an individual which requires some action on their
part to be effective (harness and lanyard)
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QMS-Course-022 Working at Height
Fall Arrest Systems
A body holding device connected to a reliable
anchor to arrest or restrict a fall so as to prevent the
collision of the user with the ground or structure
whilst limiting the forces on the body.
09/02/2023 QMS - Course - 022 Working at Height 33
QMS-Course-022 Working at Height
Work Restraint System
A body holding device connected to a reliable
anchor to prevent a person from reaching zones
where the risk of a fall exists.
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QMS-Course-022 Working at Height
Work Restraint System - Anchor Points
It is important that when using a restraint system that the device is tethered to a suitable anchor
point.
Preferred method use purpose made
anchors
Do not use pipes, cable trays, etc, look for
structural beams.
Anchors should be regularly inspected to
ensure first for purpose.
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QMS-Course-022 Working at Height
Work Positioning System
A body holding device connected to a reliable
anchor to support the user in tension or suspension
in a such a way that a fall is prevented or restricted.
09/02/2023 QMS - Course - 022 Working at Height 36
QMS-Course-022 Working at Height
Example of Hazard Reduction - Drones
 Drones are being used more and more to carryout
survey work.
 They are used to take photographic evidence of the
condition of materials & structures, etc, at heights.
 In the past for some survey inspection work person has
to use rope access to carry out work.
 This removes the need for working at height and
removes potential for a person falling.
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QMS-Course-022 Working at Height
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QMS-Course-022 Working at Height
Dropped Objects
Falling objects are a major danger when working at height and measures must be taken
to prevent this from occurring.
This could take the form of:
 Edge protection on scaffolding
 Tying off tools
 Tools aloft register
 Shadow boards
 Barriers
DROPPED OBJECT AWARENESS
Awareness in Applying DROPS approach to preventing dropped object
incidents In the Offshore industry
“Working to make our
industry a safer place”
09/02/2023 QMS - Course - 022 Working at Height 39
DROPPED OBJECT AWARENESS
 Initiative to raise awareness of potential dropped objects
 To explore methods for the control and prevention of dropped objects
 To recognise your personal responsibilities for the prevention of dropped objects
 Eliminate injury to people and damage sustained to equipment due to dropped objects
throughout Industry.
 Ultimately to deliver a ‘second-nature’ dropped objects prevention strategy
09/02/2023 QMS - Course - 022 Working at Height 40
DROPPED OBJECT AWARENESS
What is a dropped object?
“Any object that falls from its
previous static position under its
own weight”
09/02/2023 QMS - Course - 022 Working at Height 41
DROPPED OBJECT AWARENESS
How bad is the problem?
AT WORK :
“Dropped Objects are among the Top 10 causes of Fatality and Serious Injury in the Oil and
Gas Industry”
AT HOME AND AT LEISURE :
The top three causes of fatal accidents are… falls from height……and being struck by moving
vehicles
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DROPPED OBJECT AWARENESS
DROPS Awareness
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DROPPED OBJECT AWARENESS
 Over 70 companies are sharing commitment and enthusiasm for dropped object
prevention.
 Basic remit to consider and review all avenues available for improving industries
dropped object prevention performance
 To identify key learnings and deliver these to the industry effectively as awareness,
 best practice,
 recommendations,
 lessons,
 tools & techniques
09/02/2023 QMS - Course - 022 Working at Height 44
DROPPED OBJECT AWARENESS
09/02/2023 QMS - Course - 022 Working at Height 45
DROPPED OBJECT AWARENESS
DROPS Awareness its still happening – real incidents
09/02/2023 QMS - Course - 022 Working at Height 46
DROPPED OBJECT AWARENESS
DROPS Awareness its still happening – real incidents
09/02/2023 QMS - Course - 022 Working at Height 47
DROPPED OBJECT AWARENESS
DROPS Awareness its still happening – real incidents
09/02/2023 QMS - Course - 022 Working at Height 48
DROPPED OBJECT AWARENESS
DROPS Awareness
Even Small
objects can kill!
09/02/2023 QMS - Course - 022 Working at Height 49
DROPPED OBJECT AWARENESS
Even Small objects can
kill!
09/02/2023 QMS - Course - 022 Working at Height 50
DROPPED OBJECT AWARENESS
DROPS Industry Approach to Preventing Dropped Object Incidents
Raise Awareness and Appreciation of DROPS
Implement Inspections & Surveys
Control Measures – Static & Dynamic Dropped Object Risk
DROPS Systems / Procedures
Enforcement & Industry Self Regulation
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52
DROPPED OBJECT AWARENESS
Awareness and Appreciation of DROPS
 Controls and regulations do cover DROPS but awareness and appreciation of criticality
of DROPS is missing.
Oil and Gas Industry approach in the:
 All DROPS are treated as HIPO Incidents
 Massive awareness campaign on DROPS throughout the industry through:
 Posters, Training, Videos, Campaigns etc.
 Sustained DROPS specific awareness and appreciation campaign is underway through
out the industry
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DROPPED OBJECT AWARENESS
09/02/2023 QMS - Course - 022 Working at Height 53
DROPPED OBJECT AWARENESS
Awareness and Appreciation of DROPS
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DROPPED OBJECT AWARENESS
Survey and Inspection
Teams of industry experts identified that:
 Survey and inspection is the key to preventing dropped object risk
 Dropped Object tools ensures consistency of surveys and identifies:
 Areas for inspection
 What to look out for during the survey
 The required survey tasks
 Also details the deliverables such as:
 Dropped objects survey report
 Failed item list
 Dropped object inspection book
09/02/2023 QMS - Course - 022 Working at Height 55
DROPPED OBJECT AWARENESS
Survey and Inspection
09/02/2023 QMS - Course - 022 Working at Height 56
DROPPED OBJECT AWARENESS
Survey and Inspection
Survey tasks include:
 Photographs of each item surveyed
 Including ID number for each item
 Description of each item surveyed including:
 Inspection and document primary securing method(s)
 Inspection and document secondary retention method(s)
 Recording equipment pass or fail, including reason for failure
 Recording inspection frequency (i.e. weekly/monthly)
 Generating a failed items list
09/02/2023 QMS - Course - 022 Working at Height 57
DROPPED OBJECT AWARENESS
Example of Recommended Survey and Inspection Forms
09/02/2023 QMS - Course - 022 Working at Height 58
DROPPED OBJECT AWARENESS
Example of dynamic dropped objects:
 Hand tools
 Material on crane etc.
What is done in the oil and gas industry:
 Work at height tools
 Red zones / No-go zones
 Trained and competent lifting personnel
 PTW for lifting operation
09/02/2023 QMS - Course - 022 Working at Height 59
Managing dynamic dropped object is also
being implemented in oil related construction
industry also includes:
 Promoting the use of work at height
tools
 Using the concept of zoning
 Improve competency and DROPS
awareness of lifting personnel
DROPPED OBJECT AWARENESS
What is the on going approach towards DROPS in oil and gas industry
 Gain commitment of operators and contractors towards DROPS
 Appoint a DROPS focal person on every rig site.
 Adopt similar DROPS concept for all worksites
 DROPS survey to be done before a rig is commissioned.
 Results of survey compiled in the form of picture book and used for routine inspection of high
risk equipment.
 Implement similar initiative for erection of tower cranes, formwork, scaffolds etc.
 Managing contractors – to ensure that equipment used by contractors are also controlled
against dropped object risk
 Overall adoption by all contractors of Zoning system used in oil and gas industry
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DROPPED OBJECT AWARENESS
DROPS Guidance: Restricted Access Areas (Red Zones)
09/02/2023 QMS - Course - 022 Working at Height 61
DROPPED OBJECT AWARENESS
DROPS Guidance: Restricted Access Areas (Red Zones)
Green Zone: where the layout and activities of the area present little likelihood of personnel
being exposed to potential dropped objects under normal circumstances.
Yellow Zone: where the layout and activities of the area do present some risk of personnel
being exposed to potential dropped objects under normal circumstances.
Red Zone: where the layout and activities of the area present significant risk of personnel
being exposed to potential dropped objects under normal circumstances.
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DROPPED OBJECT AWARENESS
DROPS Guidance: Restricted Access Areas (Red Zones)
 Green Zones- anyone may enter as long as no additional barriers are in place.
 Yellow Zones- only personnel with specific tasks in that zone may enter. All others require the
Area Authority’s permission to enter or work in that zone.
 Red Zones- personnel may be more exposed to falling objects, the movement of remotely
operated equipment, high pressure, and/or other hazards as determined by risk assessment.
 Personnel in Red Zone must be required for the current operation and must be authorized by the
Area Authority.
 Area Authority must ensure an appropriate plan is in place for specific operations in a Red or
Yellow Zone
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DROPPED OBJECT AWARENESS
DROPS Guidance: Restricted Access Areas (Red Zones)
 Every effort should be made to identify and define an access route to the Area Authority’s
workplace location within the Green Zone
 To allow personnel access to Area Authority to request authorization into the Yellow and Red
Zones.
 Personnel not required for current operations must not be permitted into Yellow or Red
Zones.
 For any activities that require entry to a Red Zone, and for non-routine activities within a
Yellow Zone,
 A documented risk assessment must be performed before permission is given.
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DROPPED OBJECT AWARENESS
DROPS Guidance: Restricted Access Areas (Red Zones)
When the UK HSE focused extensively on offshore Dropped Object
incidents dropped considerably
 Key is to use 2-pronged approach to promote:
 DROPS Enforcement &
 DROPS Self regulation
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DROPPED OBJECT AWARENESS
Control Measures Being Implemented - Static & Dynamic Dropped Objects
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Preventive Controls Static Dropped Objects
 Preventative Maintenance to include drops inspections
 Routine planned dropped object inspections
 Primary Securing Devices - Booklet available to determine reliable securing methods
 Independent Drops surveys using contractors & visitors
 Dropped object picture book format examples
 All available through Drops campaign work packs
Mitigation Methods
 Secondary Retention, Effective use of barriers, Restricting access to areas
DROPPED OBJECT AWARENESS
Behavioural Factors are considered vital in effective control of dynamic Dropped Objects
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Preventive Controls Dynamic Dropped Objects
 Individual Awareness
 Effective Task Planning (Including lift plans)
 Collision Check Lists
 Pre-task Assessment and Checks
 Preventative Maintenance to include drops inspections (e.g.
DROPS Prompt Cards)
 Observation and Vigilance (DROPS Training & Hazard Hunts)
 MOC (Management of Change)
 Time Out for Safety (TOFS)
 Management of Distractions
 Tools Aloft Registers
 Sub Contractor Equipment Inspections.
Mitigating Measures
 Raising Individual Awareness within the Industry
 Use of Tools Approved for WAH
 PAAnnouncements/Warnings to raise awareness during
overhead operations
 Effective use of barriers
 Restricted access
 Advice & Guidance available through Drops campaign
work packs
DROPPED OBJECT AWARENESS
Examples of
devices used to
prevent DROPS
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DROPPED OBJECT AWARENESS
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Examples of
devices used to
prevent DROPS
DROPPED OBJECT AWARENESS
Managing Static dropped objects at the worksite
Examples of static dropped objects at a worksite
 Scaffold and its parts
 Framework & brackets
 Cranes and lifting equipment parts
 What is done in the oil industry:
 Secondary retention systems on objects placed at heights
 Design equipment at height for consideration of DROPS
 Minimise need to place objects at heights
 Pre-commissioning/installation inspections
 Periodic inspections using picture books
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DROPPED OBJECT AWARENESS
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Primary & Secondary Retention
Primary Securing Devices
 Nuts, Bolts & Screws
 Clamps & Brackets
 Turnbuckles
 Welding
Secondary Retention Devices
 Wire slings
 Encasement
 Lock Nuts
 Lock Wire
 Split Pins, Roll Pins, Spring Clips
 Lock Washers, Tab Washers
 Clamps & Safety Chains
DROPPED OBJECT AWARENESS
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Example of Secondary Retention
Sock
Split Pins
Chains Wire Sling
Encasement
DROPPED OBJECT AWARENESS
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So what is the oil industry doing about it?
75
DROPPED OBJECT AWARENESS
Work Groups
Set up to develop and
design DROPS Work
Packs and
Procedures
09/02/2023 QMS - Course - 022 Working at Height 75
76
DROPPED OBJECT AWARENESS
Deliverables and
Campaign Packs
09/02/2023 QMS - Course - 022 Working at Height 76
77
DROPPED OBJECT AWARENESS
Deliverables and
Campaign Packs
09/02/2023 QMS - Course - 022 Working at Height 77
09/02/2023 QMS - Course - 022 Working at Height 78
QMS-Course-022 Working at Height
Access & Egress
 The correct selection of working platform should be used to
access and egress the work area and will be vital in the safety
of personnel working at height
 Working platform means any platform used as a place of work
or as a means of access to or egress from a place of work.
 Includes any scaffold, MEWP, mobile ladders with platform
and step ladder treads.
09/02/2023 QMS - Course - 022 Working at Height 79
QMS-Course-022 Working at Height
Mobile Elevated Work Platforms (MEWPS)
 Ensure that MEWP operators are trained and competent
 Ensure pre-use inspections are carried out by a competent person
 Observe and comply with the SWL (Safe Working Load) and operating safety
instructions.
 Check above and around the platform for obstructions before moving it.
 Have a trained operator at the base area.
 Feet are to be on the basket floor at all times
 Make sure the platform is correctly positioned and outriggers are deployed (if fitted)
 Attach to a suitable point inside the basket.
09/02/2023 QMS - Course - 022 Working at Height 80
QMS-Course-022 Working at Height
Mobile Elevated Work Platforms (MEWPS)
Example MEWP Pre-Use Check List
09/02/2023 QMS - Course - 022 Working at Height 81
QMS-Course-022 Working at Height
Mobile Elevated Work Platforms (MEWPS)
Example MEWP Accidents
09/02/2023 QMS - Course - 022 Working at Height 82
QMS-Course-022 Working at Height
Mobile Elevated Work Platforms (MEWPS)
MEWP Hazards
Most fatal and serious injuries involving MEWPs arise from:
 Entrapment: operator trapped between part of the basket and a fixed structure, e.g. when
manoeuvring in confined overhead areas of steelwork.
 Operators may become trapped against the platform controls, and if this happens they
may not be able to stop the machine running.
 Overturning: the machine may overturn throwing the operator from the basket;
 Falling: an operator may fall from the basket during work activities; and
 Collision: the vehicle may collide with pedestrians, overhead cables or nearby vehicles.
09/02/2023 QMS - Course - 022 Working at Height 83
QMS-Course-022 Working at Height
Scaffolding
Scaffolding should provide a safe place of work by having safe level flooring with
no trip hazards and good edge protection.
Users must:
 Be trained and authorised to erect, install, use & and dismantle the equipment
 Inspect the platform for damage and that it is level
 Ensure the working platform is the correct height and size for the job
 Ensure there is a safe way to get to and from the work platform, for example
internal ladders
 Edge protection, guard rails, intermediate rails or other suitable barriers and
toe boards fitted
 Keep the platform clean and tidy.
09/02/2023 QMS - Course - 022 Working at Height 84
QMS-Course-022 Working at Height
Scaffolding
Scaffold Hazards
Should be erected by trained and competent people.
The incidents that occur are mainly caused by:
 Dangerous methods of erection or dismantling – where a safe
system is not being followed;
 Defects in the erected scaffold – where the tower structure is
incorrectly assembled or where a platform guardrail is missing;
 Misuse of the scaffold – where a ladder is used on a tower
causing it to overturn or when a person falls while the tower is
being moved.
09/02/2023 QMS - Course - 022 Working at Height 85
QMS-Course-022 Working at Height
Scaffolding
NEVER:
 Stand on handrails or diagonal supports
 Use other equipment on the work platform to gain additional
height
 Reach outside your area (reach envelope)
 Hinder your mobility on the platform with bad housekeeping
 Obstruct the access hatch with materials.
09/02/2023 QMS - Course - 022 Working at Height 86
QMS-Course-022 Working at Height
Scaffolding – Example Checklists
09/02/2023 QMS - Course - 022 Working at Height 87
QMS-Course-022 Working at Height
Working with Ladders
 Ladders and stepladders are not banned under health and safety law.
 In fact they can be a sensible and practical option for low-risk, short-duration tasks, although
they may not automatically be your first choice.
 Make sure you use the right type of ladder and you know how to use it safely.
 The law calls for a sensible, proportionate approach to managing risk,
 Further guidance on what you should do before deciding if a ladder is the right type of
equipment for a particular task is provided in Working at height: A brief guide
09/02/2023 QMS - Course - 022 Working at Height 88
QMS-Course-022 Working at Height
Extension
Ladder with
Spreader Bar
Roof Ladder
(Beak)
Extension
Ladder
“A” Frame
Ladder
Step Ladder
Pole Ladder
Step Up
Free Standing
Ladder
Telescopic
Ladder
Folding Ladder Trestle
Types of Ladders
Fibreglass Electrical Work
09/02/2023 QMS - Course - 022 Working at Height 89
QMS-Course-022 Working at Height
Working with Ladders
 When pitching a ladder the angle of the ladder against the structure
should be 75o.
 For every 4 metre of height, the base should be angled at 1 metre
out from vertical.
 The head of the ladder should be at least 3 rungs above the
intended platform
 Where possible secure the head of the ladder to a secure fixed
object.
09/02/2023 QMS - Course - 022 Working at Height 90
QMS-Course-022 Working at Height
Working with Ladders
 Ladders should be thoroughly inspected before use
 Ladders should be placed on firm level surfaces with
rungs/rounds horizontal
 When ascending or descending the ladder always maintain 3
Points of contact at all times
09/02/2023 QMS - Course - 022 Working at Height 91
QMS-Course-022 Working at Height
Working with Ladders
 Only one person should climb or work from a ladder at any given
time
 Do not over reach, keep both feet on the rungs at all times
 Users should face ladders at all times whilst Ascending Descending
and Dismounting
 Ladders should be stored properly after use.
09/02/2023 QMS - Course - 022 Working at Height 92
QMS-Course-022 Working at Height
Working with Ladders - Legislation
New EN 131 Standard Introduced
 A revised set of new EN131 ladder standards have been released
to the European market on the 1st January 2018.
 These changes are designed primarily to address ladder stability
and durability and introduce a classification of "use" to the new
standard.
 Within the new standard ladders are classified as "EN131
Professional", (intended for use in a workplace),
 and "EN131 Non-Professional" (intended for use by domestic
users).
09/02/2023 QMS - Course - 022 Working at Height 93
QMS-Course-022 Working at Height
Working with Ladders - Legislation
 Product standards do not apply retrospectively so existing
BS2037, BS1129 and EN131 ladders are perfectly legal and
fit for use as long as they are in good condition and fit for
purpose.
 As long as your ladders and steps are regularly inspected
and maintained in good condition there is no need to replace
or exchange your existing ladders.
 Remember use a stand off device when resting ladder
against a weak area, e.g. plastic roan pipes.
09/02/2023 QMS - Course - 022 Working at Height 94
QMS-Course-022 Working at Height
Harness Pre-use Checks
 Check webbing for cuts, tears, abrasions or
discolouration
 Check metal attachment points for deformity or corrosion
 Check for ripped or pulled stitching
 Check buckles for corrosion or deformity
09/02/2023 QMS - Course - 022 Working at Height 95
QMS-Course-022 Working at Height
Lanyard Pre-use Checks
 Check webbing for cuts, tears , abrasion or
discolouration
 Check for ripped or pulled stitching
 Check connectors for correct operation, deformity or
corrosion
09/02/2023 QMS - Course - 022 Working at Height 96
QMS-Course-022 Working at Height
Equipment Practical Pre-use Checks
 Check all equipment with webbing for cuts, tears,
abrasion or discolouration.
 Check equipment has been regularly inspected by
competent person.
 Colour coding is correct as per current procedure.
 Check PUWER assessment for PPE, e.g. Harnesses.
 Check lift test current for lifting equipment. Man riding
& lifting equipment.
 Assess equipment needed to enter CSE tank.
09/02/2023 QMS - Course - 022 Working at Height 97
QMS-Course-022 Working at Height
Equipment Practical Exercise – Safety Brief
Loose Items
 No loose items are to be carried on personnel at height
 If essential items are required to be carried they must be stored in a zipped up pocket
 No loose jewellery to be worn, where rings cannot be removed they should be taped up or
covered by the use of appropriate gloves
09/02/2023 QMS - Course - 022 Working at Height 98
QMS-Course-022 Working at Height
Equipment Practical Exercise – Safety Brief
Working at Height
 Fall Arrest equipment to be used where possible to ascend/descend ladders
 3 points of contact at all times when ascending/descending ladders
 Harnesses should be worn at all times when at height , DO NOT undo unless instructed by
staff
 When at height ensure you are correctly clipped on and stay away from potential fall areas
09/02/2023 QMS - Course - 022 Working at Height 99
QMS-Course-022 Working at Height
Equipment Practical Exercise
 Demonstrate correct pre-use inspection of personal equipment including
harness, lanyards & PPE
 Demonstrate correct pre-use inspection of fall arrest equipment inertia reels.
 Demonstrate safe use of harness and lanyards at height
 Demonstrate safe ascent/descent of ladder from height
 Demonstrate confidence and use of safe procedures at height
 Set up inertia reel tripod on CSE tank and fit inertia reel.
 Enter CSE unit by ladder using three point contact while attached to inertia reel.
 Risk assess work at heights using following scenario
09/02/2023 QMS - Course - 022 Working at Height 10
QMS-Course-022 Working at Height
Equipment Practical Exercise
Remove hand rail to allow two persons to
access & remove 5” Victaulic
Remove hatch & descend
ladder to bottom
09/02/2023 QMS - Course - 022 Working at Height 10
QMS-Course-022 Working at Height
Equipment Practical Exercise - Equipment
Rope Access Harness Fall Arrest Work Harness
Grillion Hook Climbing Rope & Restraint Devices
09/02/2023 QMS - Course - 022 Working at Height 10
QMS-Course-022 Working at Height
 Relevant website for information
 http://www.hse.gov.uk/
 Go to Working at Height
 Exam
 Feedback
 Wrap Up

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QMS-Course-022 Working at Height Day1 Rev 3.pptx

  • 1. 09/02/2023 QMS - Course - 022 Working at Height 1 QMS-Course-022 Working at Height – Including Drops Rev:2 12/02/2019
  • 2. 09/02/2023 QMS - Course - 022 Working at Height 2 QMS-Course-022 Working at Height  PPE must be worn if entering workshop training areas.  Location of toilets- two in main entrance corridor and one next to kitchenette.  Coffee available in kitchen.  Designated smoking area, outside in yard in smoking shelter.  Mobiles on silent and should not be used until breaks or course.  Any safety issues you become aware of please advise a member of staff.  Personal effects can be stored in locker room. Facility Induction
  • 3. 09/02/2023 QMS - Course - 022 Working at Height 3 QMS-Course-022 Working at Height  Muster on grass area adjacent main gate.  A staff member will conduct a role call.  Accidents, Illness and Injury.  First Aid – Claire Campbell in Administration is First Aider.  Report any incident to trainer who will document as per company & insurance requirements.  Equipment used on course is regularly inspected report any defects to trainer.  If fire alarm sounds leave by nearest exit. Facility Induction
  • 4. 09/02/2023 QMS - Course - 022 Working at Height 4 QMS-Course-022 Working at Height Course Aim  The aim of this course is to give delegates an understanding of the hazards involved with working at height (WAH) within the workplace.  Not only the risk of falling but also being struck by falling & dropped objects.  Introduction to industry “DROPS Campaign”  Understand the principles of collective and personal protection and their assessment & identification in the planning stage,  And subsequent selection of equipment for WAH operations and exposure to that equipment.
  • 5. 09/02/2023 QMS - Course - 022 Working at Height 5 QMS-Course-022 Working at Height Objectives You will have:  An awareness of “The Working at Height Regulations 2005”.  An understanding of employer/employee responsibilities.  Fall protection hierarchy.  Fall arrest systems.  The planning process.  Awareness of oil Industry initiative on DROPS
  • 6. 09/02/2023 QMS - Course - 022 Working at Height 6 QMS-Course-022 Working at Height Objectives  Equipment selection  Testing and recording  Fragile surfaces  Scaffolding  Ladders  Fall Arrest  Rescue equipment
  • 7. 09/02/2023 QMS - Course - 022 Working at Height 7 QMS-Course-022 Working at Height Legislation “The Working at Height Regulations 2005”.
  • 8. 09/02/2023 QMS - Course - 022 Working at Height 8 QMS-Course-022 Working at Height Legislation Health and Safety At Work Etc. Act 1974 Regulations ACOP Guidance Company Policies & Procedures Regulations Regulations Regulations Regulations ACOP ACOP ACOP ACOP Guidance Guidance Guidance Guidance PUWER 1998 MHSW 1999 PPE 1992 Working At Height 2005 LOLER 1998 EU Directives
  • 9. 09/02/2023 QMS - Course - 022 Working at Height 9 QMS-Course-022 Working at Height WAH Statistics.
  • 10. 09/02/2023 QMS - Course - 022 Working at Height 10 QMS-Course-022 Working at Height Legislation - Working at Height Regulations 2005 Work at height means work in any place where, if precautions were not taken, a person could fall a distance liable to cause personal injury. For example you are working at height if you:  Are working on a ladder or a flat roof;  Could fall through a fragile surface;  Could fall into an opening in a floor or a hole in the ground.
  • 11. 09/02/2023 QMS - Course - 022 Working at Height 11 QMS-Course-022 Working at Height Examples of WAH Incidents. Manufacturer fined after contractor suffers fatal fall through skylight  A carton manufacturer has been fined after a contractor suffered fatal head injuries after falling through a broken skylight.  a contractor suffered fatal head injuries when he fell six metres through a broken skylight in the roof to the factory floor below.  An investigation by the Health and Safety Executive (HSE) into the incident found that the company failed to assess the risks of working at height and failed to implement a safe system of work giving consideration to the hierarchy of control found in the work at height regulations.  The company has been fined £200,000 and ordered to pay costs of £12,569.52.  Speaking after the hearing, HSE inspector stated that in this case the duty holder failed to properly assess the risks and introduce a system of work that could have easily prevented this death.  “Duty holders have a duty to protect not only their employees but also their contractors.”
  • 12. 09/02/2023 QMS - Course - 022 Working at Height 12 QMS-Course-022 Working at Height Examples of WAH Incidents.  Due to lack of proper procedures and safeguards in place, a painter, fell around 10 feet through a waiting room ceiling.  The IP incurred severe ligament damage, and hasn’t been able to return to his job as an industrial painter since the accident – which happened on January 7th, 2018.  The contractor, was given a site induction when he first arrived at the job on December 18th, 2017, but he wasn’t briefed on the risk assessment. The RA, unbeknown to the contractor, specified that workers should wear full body harness.  When he returned to work on January 7th after the festive break, he wasn’t given another safety briefing and, crucially, wasn’t warned about the fragile roofs.  Subsequently, he fell through the unguarded ceiling and into the waiting room that morning.  During prosecution, both companies involved – were fined a grand total of £965,000 after admitting charges under Section 3(1) of the Health and Safety at Work Act 1974.  HSE Rep stated: “The most unnerving issue around this situation is the fact that it could’ve been avoided so easily, simply through proactive communication”.
  • 13. 09/02/2023 QMS - Course - 022 Working at Height 13 QMS-Course-022 Working at Height Legislation - Working at Height Regulations 2005 The legislation identifies that anybody that works at height to be competent???  You should make sure that people with sufficient skills, knowledge and experience are employed to perform the task.  In the case of low-risk, short duration tasks involving ladders, competence requirements may be no more than making sure employees receive instruction on how to use the equipment safely (e.g. how to tie a ladder properly) and appropriate training in equipment used.  When a more technical level of competence is required, for example drawing up a plan for assembling a complex scaffold, existing training and certification schemes drawn up by trade associations and industry is one way to help demonstrate competence.
  • 14. 09/02/2023 QMS - Course - 022 Working at Height 14 QMS-Course-022 Working at Height Legislation - Working at Height Regulations 2005 Legal duties under WAH regulations:  Understand potential hazards relating to work or equipment.  Identify who controls the work and lines of communications.  Understand the principles of fall protection.  Recognise safe and unsafe situations.  Understand how to deal with hazards.
  • 15. 09/02/2023 QMS - Course - 022 Working at Height 15 QMS-Course-022 Working at Height Legislation – Hazard Hierarchy of Fall Protection 1. Hazard Elimination - Preferred solution is to eliminate exposure to the fall hazard 2. Passive Fall Protection – Physical Barriers, like guardrails around unprotected edges and covers over holes. 3. Fall Restraint – Use PPE to restrict the workers range of movement so they cannot fall. (Training required in these methods). 4. Fall Arrest System – Use PPE to arrest a fall within acceptable limits. (Training & rescue planning required). 5. Admin Controls – Least preferred solution is work practices or procedures that increase a workers awareness off a fall hazard.
  • 16. 09/02/2023 QMS - Course - 022 Working at Height 16 QMS-Course-022 Working at Height Employer Responsibilities Every employer shall ensure that work at height is:  Properly planned.  Appropriately supervised.  Carried out in a manner which is so far as reasonably practicable safe.
  • 17. 09/02/2023 QMS - Course - 022 Working at Height 17 QMS-Course-022 Working at Height Planning For safe operations correct planning and supervision should be implemented and include the following:  Risk Assessment.  Permit to Work, where in operation.  Work instruction utilising relevant legislation.  Method statements  Collectively known as safe systems of work.
  • 18. 09/02/2023 QMS - Course - 022 Working at Height 18 QMS-Course-022 Working at Height Risk Assessment Identify Hazards Record your significant findings Decide who might be harmed and how Evaluate the risks and decide on precautions Review your assessment and update if necessary
  • 19. 09/02/2023 QMS - Course - 022 Working at Height 19 QMS-Course-022 Working at Height Risk Assessment
  • 20. 09/02/2023 QMS - Course - 022 Working at Height 20 QMS-Course-022 Working at Height Risk Assessment
  • 21. 09/02/2023 QMS - Course - 022 Working at Height 21 QMS-Course-022 Working at Height Rescue Planning  During planning there must be contingency rescue plans in place in the unlikely event of emergencies occurring that require rescue.  e.g. When a fall arrest harness has been deployed, how are we going to rescue the person before orthostatic intolerance becomes a problem.
  • 22. 09/02/2023 QMS - Course - 022 Working at Height 22 QMS-Course-022 Working at Height Hazards associated with WAH  Environment  Dropped objects  Fragile surfaces  Fatigue  Competency of personnel  Incorrect selecting of equipment  Orthostatic Intolerance  Falling
  • 23. 09/02/2023 QMS - Course - 022 Working at Height 23 QMS-Course-022 Working at Height Hazards When WAH – Falls The most obvious hazard of working at height is falling The nature and extent of an injury from a fall from height may be influenced by:  Height from which the person fell  Angle of impact  Suitability of personal protective equipment  Equipment being carried  Landing surface  Impact with protrusions/objects during a fall.
  • 24. 09/02/2023 QMS - Course - 022 Working at Height 24 QMS-Course-022 Working at Height Environment Every employer shall ensure that work at height is carried out only when environmental conditions do not jeopardise the health or safety of persons involved in the work. These conditions could include:  Working temperature, External Temperatures  Sea state, Wind speed  Worksite location  Day / Night shift  Simultaneous Operations
  • 25. 09/02/2023 QMS - Course - 022 Working at Height 25 QMS-Course-022 Working at Height Hazards When WAH – Fragile Surfaces  The employer must ensure, “so far as is reasonably practicable, that suitable and sufficient platforms, coverings, guard rails or similar means of support or protection are provided and used.”  Prominent warning notices are affixed at the approach to the place where the fragile surface is situated.
  • 26. 09/02/2023 QMS - Course - 022 Working at Height 26 QMS-Course-022 Working at Height Hazards When WAH – Physical & Mental  Snow & Ice on roofs.  Inappropriate access equipment.  Unfit workers.  Condition of areas to be worked in.  Unrealistic job completion times.  Supervisors instructions.  Availability of PPE
  • 27. 09/02/2023 QMS - Course - 022 Working at Height 27 QMS-Course-022 Working at Height Hazards When WAH – Incorrect Selection of Equipment Working at height involves movement around the area and can include the use of equipment such as:  Ladders  Scaffolds  Mobile Elevating Work Platforms (MEWPS)  Scaffold towers
  • 28. 09/02/2023 QMS - Course - 022 Working at Height 28 QMS-Course-022 Working at Height Hazards When WAH – Suspension Syncope If the rescuer is unable to immediately release a conscious casualty from a suspended position, what happens? Then elevation of the legs by the casualty or rescuer where safely possible may prolong tolerance of suspension.  Fall is stopped by harness  Blood flow impeded by straps  Blood collects in large muscles  Blood flow to heart reduced  Danger & pain increases heart rate  Heart slows due to low blood return  More blood collects in legs  Body reflex reduces heart rate & pressure  Blood flow to brain fails  Victim looses consciousness  Blood to brain continues to fall  Brain damage  Eventual death
  • 29. 09/02/2023 QMS - Course - 022 Working at Height 29 QMS-Course-022 Working at Height Hazards When WAH – Suspension Syncope  If someone is suspended in a harness leg movement may reduce the effects of orthostatic intolerance.  Leg Loop Safety Straps can provide the means for a worker who has fallen, to stand in their harness “Leg Loops” while waiting for rescue.  Standing relieves pressure on the legs and may prevent the effects of orthostatic intolerance.
  • 30. 09/02/2023 QMS - Course - 022 Working at Height 30 QMS-Course-022 Working at Height Hazards When WAH – Suspension Syncope First responders to persons in harness suspension should be able to recognise the symptoms of pre-syncope. These include light headedness; nausea; sensations of flushing; tingling or numbness of the arms or legs; anxiety; visual disturbance; or a feeling they are about to faint. (Motionless head up suspension can lead to pre-syncope in most normal subjects within 1 hour and in a fifth within 10 minutes.)
  • 31. 09/02/2023 QMS - Course - 022 Working at Height 31 QMS-Course-022 Working at Height Collective and Passive Protection Measures Collective and Passive Protection Measures An assembly of components or equipment which provides fall protection, for all persons working at a position, without requiring any action on their part to be effective (guardrails, safety nets) Personal Protection Measure An assembly of components or equipment which provides fall protection for an individual which requires some action on their part to be effective (harness and lanyard)
  • 32. 09/02/2023 QMS - Course - 022 Working at Height 32 QMS-Course-022 Working at Height Fall Arrest Systems A body holding device connected to a reliable anchor to arrest or restrict a fall so as to prevent the collision of the user with the ground or structure whilst limiting the forces on the body.
  • 33. 09/02/2023 QMS - Course - 022 Working at Height 33 QMS-Course-022 Working at Height Work Restraint System A body holding device connected to a reliable anchor to prevent a person from reaching zones where the risk of a fall exists.
  • 34. 09/02/2023 QMS - Course - 022 Working at Height 34 QMS-Course-022 Working at Height Work Restraint System - Anchor Points It is important that when using a restraint system that the device is tethered to a suitable anchor point. Preferred method use purpose made anchors Do not use pipes, cable trays, etc, look for structural beams. Anchors should be regularly inspected to ensure first for purpose.
  • 35. 09/02/2023 QMS - Course - 022 Working at Height 35 QMS-Course-022 Working at Height Work Positioning System A body holding device connected to a reliable anchor to support the user in tension or suspension in a such a way that a fall is prevented or restricted.
  • 36. 09/02/2023 QMS - Course - 022 Working at Height 36 QMS-Course-022 Working at Height Example of Hazard Reduction - Drones  Drones are being used more and more to carryout survey work.  They are used to take photographic evidence of the condition of materials & structures, etc, at heights.  In the past for some survey inspection work person has to use rope access to carry out work.  This removes the need for working at height and removes potential for a person falling.
  • 37. 09/02/2023 QMS - Course - 022 Working at Height 37 QMS-Course-022 Working at Height
  • 38. 09/02/2023 QMS - Course - 022 Working at Height 38 QMS-Course-022 Working at Height Dropped Objects Falling objects are a major danger when working at height and measures must be taken to prevent this from occurring. This could take the form of:  Edge protection on scaffolding  Tying off tools  Tools aloft register  Shadow boards  Barriers
  • 39. DROPPED OBJECT AWARENESS Awareness in Applying DROPS approach to preventing dropped object incidents In the Offshore industry “Working to make our industry a safer place” 09/02/2023 QMS - Course - 022 Working at Height 39
  • 40. DROPPED OBJECT AWARENESS  Initiative to raise awareness of potential dropped objects  To explore methods for the control and prevention of dropped objects  To recognise your personal responsibilities for the prevention of dropped objects  Eliminate injury to people and damage sustained to equipment due to dropped objects throughout Industry.  Ultimately to deliver a ‘second-nature’ dropped objects prevention strategy 09/02/2023 QMS - Course - 022 Working at Height 40
  • 41. DROPPED OBJECT AWARENESS What is a dropped object? “Any object that falls from its previous static position under its own weight” 09/02/2023 QMS - Course - 022 Working at Height 41
  • 42. DROPPED OBJECT AWARENESS How bad is the problem? AT WORK : “Dropped Objects are among the Top 10 causes of Fatality and Serious Injury in the Oil and Gas Industry” AT HOME AND AT LEISURE : The top three causes of fatal accidents are… falls from height……and being struck by moving vehicles 09/02/2023 QMS - Course - 022 Working at Height 42
  • 43. DROPPED OBJECT AWARENESS DROPS Awareness 09/02/2023 QMS - Course - 022 Working at Height 43
  • 44. DROPPED OBJECT AWARENESS  Over 70 companies are sharing commitment and enthusiasm for dropped object prevention.  Basic remit to consider and review all avenues available for improving industries dropped object prevention performance  To identify key learnings and deliver these to the industry effectively as awareness,  best practice,  recommendations,  lessons,  tools & techniques 09/02/2023 QMS - Course - 022 Working at Height 44
  • 45. DROPPED OBJECT AWARENESS 09/02/2023 QMS - Course - 022 Working at Height 45
  • 46. DROPPED OBJECT AWARENESS DROPS Awareness its still happening – real incidents 09/02/2023 QMS - Course - 022 Working at Height 46
  • 47. DROPPED OBJECT AWARENESS DROPS Awareness its still happening – real incidents 09/02/2023 QMS - Course - 022 Working at Height 47
  • 48. DROPPED OBJECT AWARENESS DROPS Awareness its still happening – real incidents 09/02/2023 QMS - Course - 022 Working at Height 48
  • 49. DROPPED OBJECT AWARENESS DROPS Awareness Even Small objects can kill! 09/02/2023 QMS - Course - 022 Working at Height 49
  • 50. DROPPED OBJECT AWARENESS Even Small objects can kill! 09/02/2023 QMS - Course - 022 Working at Height 50
  • 51. DROPPED OBJECT AWARENESS DROPS Industry Approach to Preventing Dropped Object Incidents Raise Awareness and Appreciation of DROPS Implement Inspections & Surveys Control Measures – Static & Dynamic Dropped Object Risk DROPS Systems / Procedures Enforcement & Industry Self Regulation 09/02/2023 QMS - Course - 022 Working at Height 51
  • 52. 52 DROPPED OBJECT AWARENESS Awareness and Appreciation of DROPS  Controls and regulations do cover DROPS but awareness and appreciation of criticality of DROPS is missing. Oil and Gas Industry approach in the:  All DROPS are treated as HIPO Incidents  Massive awareness campaign on DROPS throughout the industry through:  Posters, Training, Videos, Campaigns etc.  Sustained DROPS specific awareness and appreciation campaign is underway through out the industry 09/02/2023 QMS - Course - 022 Working at Height 52
  • 53. DROPPED OBJECT AWARENESS 09/02/2023 QMS - Course - 022 Working at Height 53
  • 54. DROPPED OBJECT AWARENESS Awareness and Appreciation of DROPS 09/02/2023 QMS - Course - 022 Working at Height 54
  • 55. DROPPED OBJECT AWARENESS Survey and Inspection Teams of industry experts identified that:  Survey and inspection is the key to preventing dropped object risk  Dropped Object tools ensures consistency of surveys and identifies:  Areas for inspection  What to look out for during the survey  The required survey tasks  Also details the deliverables such as:  Dropped objects survey report  Failed item list  Dropped object inspection book 09/02/2023 QMS - Course - 022 Working at Height 55
  • 56. DROPPED OBJECT AWARENESS Survey and Inspection 09/02/2023 QMS - Course - 022 Working at Height 56
  • 57. DROPPED OBJECT AWARENESS Survey and Inspection Survey tasks include:  Photographs of each item surveyed  Including ID number for each item  Description of each item surveyed including:  Inspection and document primary securing method(s)  Inspection and document secondary retention method(s)  Recording equipment pass or fail, including reason for failure  Recording inspection frequency (i.e. weekly/monthly)  Generating a failed items list 09/02/2023 QMS - Course - 022 Working at Height 57
  • 58. DROPPED OBJECT AWARENESS Example of Recommended Survey and Inspection Forms 09/02/2023 QMS - Course - 022 Working at Height 58
  • 59. DROPPED OBJECT AWARENESS Example of dynamic dropped objects:  Hand tools  Material on crane etc. What is done in the oil and gas industry:  Work at height tools  Red zones / No-go zones  Trained and competent lifting personnel  PTW for lifting operation 09/02/2023 QMS - Course - 022 Working at Height 59 Managing dynamic dropped object is also being implemented in oil related construction industry also includes:  Promoting the use of work at height tools  Using the concept of zoning  Improve competency and DROPS awareness of lifting personnel
  • 60. DROPPED OBJECT AWARENESS What is the on going approach towards DROPS in oil and gas industry  Gain commitment of operators and contractors towards DROPS  Appoint a DROPS focal person on every rig site.  Adopt similar DROPS concept for all worksites  DROPS survey to be done before a rig is commissioned.  Results of survey compiled in the form of picture book and used for routine inspection of high risk equipment.  Implement similar initiative for erection of tower cranes, formwork, scaffolds etc.  Managing contractors – to ensure that equipment used by contractors are also controlled against dropped object risk  Overall adoption by all contractors of Zoning system used in oil and gas industry 09/02/2023 QMS - Course - 022 Working at Height 60
  • 61. DROPPED OBJECT AWARENESS DROPS Guidance: Restricted Access Areas (Red Zones) 09/02/2023 QMS - Course - 022 Working at Height 61
  • 62. DROPPED OBJECT AWARENESS DROPS Guidance: Restricted Access Areas (Red Zones) Green Zone: where the layout and activities of the area present little likelihood of personnel being exposed to potential dropped objects under normal circumstances. Yellow Zone: where the layout and activities of the area do present some risk of personnel being exposed to potential dropped objects under normal circumstances. Red Zone: where the layout and activities of the area present significant risk of personnel being exposed to potential dropped objects under normal circumstances. 09/02/2023 QMS - Course - 022 Working at Height 62
  • 63. DROPPED OBJECT AWARENESS DROPS Guidance: Restricted Access Areas (Red Zones)  Green Zones- anyone may enter as long as no additional barriers are in place.  Yellow Zones- only personnel with specific tasks in that zone may enter. All others require the Area Authority’s permission to enter or work in that zone.  Red Zones- personnel may be more exposed to falling objects, the movement of remotely operated equipment, high pressure, and/or other hazards as determined by risk assessment.  Personnel in Red Zone must be required for the current operation and must be authorized by the Area Authority.  Area Authority must ensure an appropriate plan is in place for specific operations in a Red or Yellow Zone 09/02/2023 QMS - Course - 022 Working at Height 63
  • 64. DROPPED OBJECT AWARENESS DROPS Guidance: Restricted Access Areas (Red Zones)  Every effort should be made to identify and define an access route to the Area Authority’s workplace location within the Green Zone  To allow personnel access to Area Authority to request authorization into the Yellow and Red Zones.  Personnel not required for current operations must not be permitted into Yellow or Red Zones.  For any activities that require entry to a Red Zone, and for non-routine activities within a Yellow Zone,  A documented risk assessment must be performed before permission is given. 09/02/2023 QMS - Course - 022 Working at Height 64
  • 65. DROPPED OBJECT AWARENESS DROPS Guidance: Restricted Access Areas (Red Zones) When the UK HSE focused extensively on offshore Dropped Object incidents dropped considerably  Key is to use 2-pronged approach to promote:  DROPS Enforcement &  DROPS Self regulation 09/02/2023 QMS - Course - 022 Working at Height 66
  • 66. DROPPED OBJECT AWARENESS Control Measures Being Implemented - Static & Dynamic Dropped Objects 09/02/2023 QMS - Course - 022 Working at Height 67 Preventive Controls Static Dropped Objects  Preventative Maintenance to include drops inspections  Routine planned dropped object inspections  Primary Securing Devices - Booklet available to determine reliable securing methods  Independent Drops surveys using contractors & visitors  Dropped object picture book format examples  All available through Drops campaign work packs Mitigation Methods  Secondary Retention, Effective use of barriers, Restricting access to areas
  • 67. DROPPED OBJECT AWARENESS Behavioural Factors are considered vital in effective control of dynamic Dropped Objects 09/02/2023 QMS - Course - 022 Working at Height 68 Preventive Controls Dynamic Dropped Objects  Individual Awareness  Effective Task Planning (Including lift plans)  Collision Check Lists  Pre-task Assessment and Checks  Preventative Maintenance to include drops inspections (e.g. DROPS Prompt Cards)  Observation and Vigilance (DROPS Training & Hazard Hunts)  MOC (Management of Change)  Time Out for Safety (TOFS)  Management of Distractions  Tools Aloft Registers  Sub Contractor Equipment Inspections. Mitigating Measures  Raising Individual Awareness within the Industry  Use of Tools Approved for WAH  PAAnnouncements/Warnings to raise awareness during overhead operations  Effective use of barriers  Restricted access  Advice & Guidance available through Drops campaign work packs
  • 68. DROPPED OBJECT AWARENESS Examples of devices used to prevent DROPS 09/02/2023 QMS - Course - 022 Working at Height 69
  • 69. DROPPED OBJECT AWARENESS 09/02/2023 QMS - Course - 022 Working at Height 70 Examples of devices used to prevent DROPS
  • 70. DROPPED OBJECT AWARENESS Managing Static dropped objects at the worksite Examples of static dropped objects at a worksite  Scaffold and its parts  Framework & brackets  Cranes and lifting equipment parts  What is done in the oil industry:  Secondary retention systems on objects placed at heights  Design equipment at height for consideration of DROPS  Minimise need to place objects at heights  Pre-commissioning/installation inspections  Periodic inspections using picture books 09/02/2023 QMS - Course - 022 Working at Height 71
  • 71. DROPPED OBJECT AWARENESS 09/02/2023 QMS - Course - 022 Working at Height 72 Primary & Secondary Retention Primary Securing Devices  Nuts, Bolts & Screws  Clamps & Brackets  Turnbuckles  Welding Secondary Retention Devices  Wire slings  Encasement  Lock Nuts  Lock Wire  Split Pins, Roll Pins, Spring Clips  Lock Washers, Tab Washers  Clamps & Safety Chains
  • 72. DROPPED OBJECT AWARENESS 09/02/2023 QMS - Course - 022 Working at Height 73 Example of Secondary Retention Sock Split Pins Chains Wire Sling Encasement
  • 73. DROPPED OBJECT AWARENESS 09/02/2023 QMS - Course - 022 Working at Height 74 So what is the oil industry doing about it?
  • 74. 75 DROPPED OBJECT AWARENESS Work Groups Set up to develop and design DROPS Work Packs and Procedures 09/02/2023 QMS - Course - 022 Working at Height 75
  • 75. 76 DROPPED OBJECT AWARENESS Deliverables and Campaign Packs 09/02/2023 QMS - Course - 022 Working at Height 76
  • 76. 77 DROPPED OBJECT AWARENESS Deliverables and Campaign Packs 09/02/2023 QMS - Course - 022 Working at Height 77
  • 77. 09/02/2023 QMS - Course - 022 Working at Height 78 QMS-Course-022 Working at Height Access & Egress  The correct selection of working platform should be used to access and egress the work area and will be vital in the safety of personnel working at height  Working platform means any platform used as a place of work or as a means of access to or egress from a place of work.  Includes any scaffold, MEWP, mobile ladders with platform and step ladder treads.
  • 78. 09/02/2023 QMS - Course - 022 Working at Height 79 QMS-Course-022 Working at Height Mobile Elevated Work Platforms (MEWPS)  Ensure that MEWP operators are trained and competent  Ensure pre-use inspections are carried out by a competent person  Observe and comply with the SWL (Safe Working Load) and operating safety instructions.  Check above and around the platform for obstructions before moving it.  Have a trained operator at the base area.  Feet are to be on the basket floor at all times  Make sure the platform is correctly positioned and outriggers are deployed (if fitted)  Attach to a suitable point inside the basket.
  • 79. 09/02/2023 QMS - Course - 022 Working at Height 80 QMS-Course-022 Working at Height Mobile Elevated Work Platforms (MEWPS) Example MEWP Pre-Use Check List
  • 80. 09/02/2023 QMS - Course - 022 Working at Height 81 QMS-Course-022 Working at Height Mobile Elevated Work Platforms (MEWPS) Example MEWP Accidents
  • 81. 09/02/2023 QMS - Course - 022 Working at Height 82 QMS-Course-022 Working at Height Mobile Elevated Work Platforms (MEWPS) MEWP Hazards Most fatal and serious injuries involving MEWPs arise from:  Entrapment: operator trapped between part of the basket and a fixed structure, e.g. when manoeuvring in confined overhead areas of steelwork.  Operators may become trapped against the platform controls, and if this happens they may not be able to stop the machine running.  Overturning: the machine may overturn throwing the operator from the basket;  Falling: an operator may fall from the basket during work activities; and  Collision: the vehicle may collide with pedestrians, overhead cables or nearby vehicles.
  • 82. 09/02/2023 QMS - Course - 022 Working at Height 83 QMS-Course-022 Working at Height Scaffolding Scaffolding should provide a safe place of work by having safe level flooring with no trip hazards and good edge protection. Users must:  Be trained and authorised to erect, install, use & and dismantle the equipment  Inspect the platform for damage and that it is level  Ensure the working platform is the correct height and size for the job  Ensure there is a safe way to get to and from the work platform, for example internal ladders  Edge protection, guard rails, intermediate rails or other suitable barriers and toe boards fitted  Keep the platform clean and tidy.
  • 83. 09/02/2023 QMS - Course - 022 Working at Height 84 QMS-Course-022 Working at Height Scaffolding Scaffold Hazards Should be erected by trained and competent people. The incidents that occur are mainly caused by:  Dangerous methods of erection or dismantling – where a safe system is not being followed;  Defects in the erected scaffold – where the tower structure is incorrectly assembled or where a platform guardrail is missing;  Misuse of the scaffold – where a ladder is used on a tower causing it to overturn or when a person falls while the tower is being moved.
  • 84. 09/02/2023 QMS - Course - 022 Working at Height 85 QMS-Course-022 Working at Height Scaffolding NEVER:  Stand on handrails or diagonal supports  Use other equipment on the work platform to gain additional height  Reach outside your area (reach envelope)  Hinder your mobility on the platform with bad housekeeping  Obstruct the access hatch with materials.
  • 85. 09/02/2023 QMS - Course - 022 Working at Height 86 QMS-Course-022 Working at Height Scaffolding – Example Checklists
  • 86. 09/02/2023 QMS - Course - 022 Working at Height 87 QMS-Course-022 Working at Height Working with Ladders  Ladders and stepladders are not banned under health and safety law.  In fact they can be a sensible and practical option for low-risk, short-duration tasks, although they may not automatically be your first choice.  Make sure you use the right type of ladder and you know how to use it safely.  The law calls for a sensible, proportionate approach to managing risk,  Further guidance on what you should do before deciding if a ladder is the right type of equipment for a particular task is provided in Working at height: A brief guide
  • 87. 09/02/2023 QMS - Course - 022 Working at Height 88 QMS-Course-022 Working at Height Extension Ladder with Spreader Bar Roof Ladder (Beak) Extension Ladder “A” Frame Ladder Step Ladder Pole Ladder Step Up Free Standing Ladder Telescopic Ladder Folding Ladder Trestle Types of Ladders Fibreglass Electrical Work
  • 88. 09/02/2023 QMS - Course - 022 Working at Height 89 QMS-Course-022 Working at Height Working with Ladders  When pitching a ladder the angle of the ladder against the structure should be 75o.  For every 4 metre of height, the base should be angled at 1 metre out from vertical.  The head of the ladder should be at least 3 rungs above the intended platform  Where possible secure the head of the ladder to a secure fixed object.
  • 89. 09/02/2023 QMS - Course - 022 Working at Height 90 QMS-Course-022 Working at Height Working with Ladders  Ladders should be thoroughly inspected before use  Ladders should be placed on firm level surfaces with rungs/rounds horizontal  When ascending or descending the ladder always maintain 3 Points of contact at all times
  • 90. 09/02/2023 QMS - Course - 022 Working at Height 91 QMS-Course-022 Working at Height Working with Ladders  Only one person should climb or work from a ladder at any given time  Do not over reach, keep both feet on the rungs at all times  Users should face ladders at all times whilst Ascending Descending and Dismounting  Ladders should be stored properly after use.
  • 91. 09/02/2023 QMS - Course - 022 Working at Height 92 QMS-Course-022 Working at Height Working with Ladders - Legislation New EN 131 Standard Introduced  A revised set of new EN131 ladder standards have been released to the European market on the 1st January 2018.  These changes are designed primarily to address ladder stability and durability and introduce a classification of "use" to the new standard.  Within the new standard ladders are classified as "EN131 Professional", (intended for use in a workplace),  and "EN131 Non-Professional" (intended for use by domestic users).
  • 92. 09/02/2023 QMS - Course - 022 Working at Height 93 QMS-Course-022 Working at Height Working with Ladders - Legislation  Product standards do not apply retrospectively so existing BS2037, BS1129 and EN131 ladders are perfectly legal and fit for use as long as they are in good condition and fit for purpose.  As long as your ladders and steps are regularly inspected and maintained in good condition there is no need to replace or exchange your existing ladders.  Remember use a stand off device when resting ladder against a weak area, e.g. plastic roan pipes.
  • 93. 09/02/2023 QMS - Course - 022 Working at Height 94 QMS-Course-022 Working at Height Harness Pre-use Checks  Check webbing for cuts, tears, abrasions or discolouration  Check metal attachment points for deformity or corrosion  Check for ripped or pulled stitching  Check buckles for corrosion or deformity
  • 94. 09/02/2023 QMS - Course - 022 Working at Height 95 QMS-Course-022 Working at Height Lanyard Pre-use Checks  Check webbing for cuts, tears , abrasion or discolouration  Check for ripped or pulled stitching  Check connectors for correct operation, deformity or corrosion
  • 95. 09/02/2023 QMS - Course - 022 Working at Height 96 QMS-Course-022 Working at Height Equipment Practical Pre-use Checks  Check all equipment with webbing for cuts, tears, abrasion or discolouration.  Check equipment has been regularly inspected by competent person.  Colour coding is correct as per current procedure.  Check PUWER assessment for PPE, e.g. Harnesses.  Check lift test current for lifting equipment. Man riding & lifting equipment.  Assess equipment needed to enter CSE tank.
  • 96. 09/02/2023 QMS - Course - 022 Working at Height 97 QMS-Course-022 Working at Height Equipment Practical Exercise – Safety Brief Loose Items  No loose items are to be carried on personnel at height  If essential items are required to be carried they must be stored in a zipped up pocket  No loose jewellery to be worn, where rings cannot be removed they should be taped up or covered by the use of appropriate gloves
  • 97. 09/02/2023 QMS - Course - 022 Working at Height 98 QMS-Course-022 Working at Height Equipment Practical Exercise – Safety Brief Working at Height  Fall Arrest equipment to be used where possible to ascend/descend ladders  3 points of contact at all times when ascending/descending ladders  Harnesses should be worn at all times when at height , DO NOT undo unless instructed by staff  When at height ensure you are correctly clipped on and stay away from potential fall areas
  • 98. 09/02/2023 QMS - Course - 022 Working at Height 99 QMS-Course-022 Working at Height Equipment Practical Exercise  Demonstrate correct pre-use inspection of personal equipment including harness, lanyards & PPE  Demonstrate correct pre-use inspection of fall arrest equipment inertia reels.  Demonstrate safe use of harness and lanyards at height  Demonstrate safe ascent/descent of ladder from height  Demonstrate confidence and use of safe procedures at height  Set up inertia reel tripod on CSE tank and fit inertia reel.  Enter CSE unit by ladder using three point contact while attached to inertia reel.  Risk assess work at heights using following scenario
  • 99. 09/02/2023 QMS - Course - 022 Working at Height 10 QMS-Course-022 Working at Height Equipment Practical Exercise Remove hand rail to allow two persons to access & remove 5” Victaulic Remove hatch & descend ladder to bottom
  • 100. 09/02/2023 QMS - Course - 022 Working at Height 10 QMS-Course-022 Working at Height Equipment Practical Exercise - Equipment Rope Access Harness Fall Arrest Work Harness Grillion Hook Climbing Rope & Restraint Devices
  • 101. 09/02/2023 QMS - Course - 022 Working at Height 10 QMS-Course-022 Working at Height  Relevant website for information  http://www.hse.gov.uk/  Go to Working at Height  Exam  Feedback  Wrap Up