Narrative Therapy
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Narrative Therapy Presentation. Advanced Theories Psychotherapy.
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Narrative Therapy
- 1. Narrative Therapy Claudia L. Chandler
- 2. “There is no greater agony than bearing an untold story inside you.” -Maya Angelou C. Chandler 2014
- 3. Origins + Background C. Chandler 2014 Developed during the 1990s, largely by Michael David Epston. Narrative Means to Therapeutic Ends. Michael Foucault: Poststructuralism
- 4. Theory of Change ‣ Experiential: based on experience and observation, the here and now. ‣ Reclaim, Relieve and Make Meaning of old stories. ‣ Add new substance and new possibilities in Client’s lives. C. Chandler 2014
- 5. Critical Thinking Barrage of Information in the world Where is this information coming from? Reflexive thinking* What is the agenda of the information? What kind of context - history- power, behind the agenda that is informing the information I’m receiving? Narrative Therapy
- 6. As a Clinician “We have impositional power that comes with the presumption that we think we know what normalcy might look like.” – Lucy Cotter Narrative Therapy Institute Narrative Therapy
- 7. Structure of Therapy Time: Usually 60 minutes, although sessions can last longer if agreed upon by all parties and it would be beneficial. Length: Can last from one session to several years depending on a variety of factors. Flexibility: Therapist should negotiate the time of each meeting as therapy progresses to keep it experiential. C. Chandler 2014
- 8. Role of Therapist Care, interest, curiosity, openness. Not-knowing stance. Main task is to help Client’s construct a story line. Client as Expert when it comes to what he wants in life. Collaboration. C. Chandler 2014
- 9. As a Clinician Should we be suspicious of language from clients such as: “Codependent” “We have communication problems” What is the Social Constructionist view of language anyway? Narrative Therapy
- 10. Assessment and Treatment Planning Generating Experience vs. Gathering Information Name the problems involved Evaluate their current situation Take a stand in regard to them Evaluate the usefulness of the alternative stories Evaluate their relationship to those problems Tell more satisfying stories of their relationship
- 11. Therapeutic Techniques No recipe, no set agenda, and no formula This approach is grounded in a philosophical framework Questions—and more questions: Questions are used as a way to generate experience rather than to gather information Asking questions can lead to separating “person” from “problem”, identifying preferred directions, and creating alternative stories to support these directions. C. Chandler 2014
- 12. Therapeutic Techniques Externalization & Deconstruction Externalization is a process of separating the person from identifying with the problem Externalizing conversations can lead clients in recognizing times when they have dealt successfully with the problem Problem-saturated stories are deconstructed (taken apart) before new stories are co-created C. Chandler 2014
- 13. Therapeutic Techniques Search for unique outcomes Successful stories regarding the problem Creating Alternative Stories The assumption is that people can continually and actively re-author their lives Invite clients to author alternative stories through “unique outcomes” An appreciative audience helps new stories to take root C. Chandler 2014
- 14. Therapeutic Techniques Therapists write and send a letter to clients between sessions regarding their strengths and accomplishments, alternative story, and unique outcomes or exceptions to the problems. C. Chandler 2014
- 15. Narrative Tx Techniques 1. Externalization of problem—the problem is the problem, and is given a name. Family and members not defined by problem 2. Influence of the Problem on each Person 3. Influence of the Person on the Problem 4. Raising Dilemmas—examine aspects of problem before need arises 5. Predicting Setbacks—they almost inevitable, best dealt with when anticipated C. Chandler 2014
- 16. Narrative Tx Techniques 6. Using Questions Exceptions-oriented Significance of exceptions 7. Letters to client families—a form of case note to family, put in transparent/congruent statements 8. Celebrations/certificates—festive, signify victory/achievement, tailored to circumstances by wording, printed and include logo (For achievements in conquest of “Apathy”) C. Chandler 2014
- 17. How can we use this with… Addiction Tx? Victims of Abuse and Trauma? Marginalized Cultures and Subcultures? The Homeless Population? Children? Adolescents? The Elderly? Narrative Therapy
- 18. Summary + Evaluation Contributions Client-as-expert (not knowing position) View people are competent and able to create solutions and alternative stories Do not support the DSM-IV-TR labeling system A brief approach, is good for managed care. In general, studies provided preliminary support for the efficacy C. Chandler 2014
- 19. As a Clinician Are your practices congruent with your integrity as a person? What does the Clinician Role mean to you? Are you an expert and what does that mean…really? Narrative Therapy
- 20. References Gehart, D. (2014). Mastering competencies in family therapy: A practical approach to theories and clinical case documentation (2nd Ed.). Belmont, CA: Brooks/Cole Standish, K. (2014) Lecture 8: Introduction to narrative therapy. Newham College University Centre C. Chandler 2014
Editor's Notes
- Michael Kingsley White was born and raised in Adelaide, South Australia. His first professional job was as a probation and welfare worker. He earned an undergraduate social work degree from the University of South Australia in 1979 and worked as a psychiatric social worker at the Adelaide Children's Hospital. He founded the Dulwich Centre in 1983 and began a private practice as a family therapist. He continued to be associated with Dulwich Centre until his death. White was a practicing social worker and co-director of the Dulwich Centre[2] in Adelaide, South Australia, and was author of several books of importance in the field of family therapy and narrative therapy. In January 2008, White set up the Adelaide Narrative Therapy Centre[3] to provide counselling services and training workshops relevant to work with individuals, couples, families, groups and communities and to provide a context for exploring recent developments relevant to narrative practice.” In the late 1970s Epston and Michael White led the flowering of family therapy within Australia and New Zealand.[1] Together they started developing their ideas, continuing during the 1980s, and eventually in 1990 published Narrative Means to Therapeutic Ends, the first major text in what came to be known as narrative therapy. In 1997 following the publication of Playful Approaches to Serious Problems Epston, along with his co-authors Dean Lobovits and Jennifer Freeman, initiated the website Narrative Approaches. The website included the publication of a series of authored and co-authored papers, artwork, and poetry in the form of an "Archive of Resistance: Anti-Anorexia/anti-Bulimia.” Michael Foucault was a French philosopher, historian of ideas, social theorist, philologist and literary critic. His theories addressed the relationship between power and knowledge, and how they are used as a form of social control through societal institutions. Though often cited as a post-structuralist and postmodernist, Foucault rejected these labels, preferring to present his thought as a critical history of modernity. His thought has been highly influential for both academic and activist groups.
- Narrative therapy holds that our identities are shaped by the accounts of our lives found in our stories or narratives. A narrative therapist is interested in helping others fully describe their rich stories and trajectories, modes of living, and possibilities associated with them. At the same time, this therapist is interested in co-investigating a problem's many influences, including on the person and on their chief relationships. By focusing on problems' effects on people's lives rather than on problems as inside or part of people, distance is created. This externalization or objectification of a problem makes it easier to investigate and evaluate the problem's influences. Another sort of externalization is likewise possible when people reflect upon and connect with their intentions, values, hopes, and commitments. Once values and hopes have been located in specific life events, they help to “re-author” or “re-story” a person's experience and clearly stand as acts of resistance to problems. The term “narrative” reflects the multi-storied nature of our identities and related meanings. In particular, re-authoring conversations about values and re-membering conversations about key influential people are powerful ways for people to reclaim their lives from problems. In the end, narrative conversations help people clarify for themselves an alternate direction in life to that of the problem, one that comprises a person's values, hopes, and life commitments.
- Examples? How do we challenge this?
- What does that mean? Does my meaning of those words have a different meaning than your meaning of those words? Its pretty unlikely that they are the same meaning. Codependent as a very neat and compact word with meaning. – Clients assume I know what it means, - Ask at least two people what their definition of codependent is and say – I don’t consider those descriptions even a little bit similar. Problem with the word codependence it depends on me having assumption about what the words mean. SO its supposed to be a short cut but its too much of a short cut. Codependence or relational? under the lenses of individual discourses. – privledging of individualistic over collectivistic values. – deconstruct the word – first task. Social Constructionist view of language as a NOT neutral delivery system - need to understand that persons meaning. Meaning gets changed by the receiver. Only one way to discover that and that is to ask.
- Examples? How do we challenge this?