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The Social Semantic Web:ICWSM Tutorial,[object Object],Alexandre Passant,[object Object],John Breslin,[object Object]
Introduction,[object Object],Why is this important?,[object Object]
The Social Web,[object Object],is exploding!,[object Object],image from tinyurl.com/nuketest,[object Object]
61% = social networks,[object Object],11% = forums,[object Object],11% = UG content sites, e.g. urbandictionary.com,[object Object],10% = UG marketplaces, e.g. craigslist.org,[object Object],03% = blogs,[object Object],01% = UG reviews, e.g. apartmentratings.com,[object Object],01% = wikis,[object Object],02% = other,[object Object],text from tinyurl.com/briscougc,[object Object]
Sites go up...,[object Object],image from tinyurl.com/rocket15,[object Object]
Facebook and Twitter,[object Object]
...and sites come down,[object Object],image from tinyurl.com/elhell,[object Object]
Bebo,[object Object]
Object-centred sociality (AKA social objects) gives some explanations,[object Object],Users are connected via a common object:,[object Object],Their job, university, hobbies, interests, a date…,[object Object],“According to this theory, people don’t just connect to each other. They connect through a shared object. […]Good services allow people to create social objects that add value.” – JyriEngestrom,[object Object],Flickr = photos,[object Object],del.icio.us = bookmarks,[object Object],Blogs = discussion posts,[object Object]
It’s the social objects we create…,[object Object],Discussions,[object Object],Bookmarks,[object Object],Annotations,[object Object],Profiles,[object Object],Microblogs,[object Object],Multimedia,[object Object]
…that connect usto other people,[object Object]
Boom!,[object Object]
image from tinyurl.com/orionw,[object Object],The amount of stuff out there is vast,[object Object]
Social websites are like data silos,[object Object],image from pidgintech.com,[object Object]
Many isolated communities of users and their data,[object Object],image from pidgintech.com,[object Object]
Need ways to connect these islands,[object Object],image from pidgintech.com,[object Object]
Allowing users to easily move from one to another,[object Object],image from pidgintech.com,[object Object]
Enabling users to easily bring their data with them,[object Object],image from pidgintech.com,[object Object]
Semantics,[object Object]
The Social Semantic Web
The Social Semantic Web
The Semantic Web,[object Object],A brief overview,[object Object]
What’s in a page ? And in a link ?,[object Object],?,[object Object],?,[object Object],?,[object Object]
Tim Berners-Lee, The 1st World Wide Web Conference, Geneva, May 1994,[object Object],	To a computer, the Web is a flat, boring world, devoid of meaning. This is a pity, as in fact documents on the Web describe real objects and imaginary concepts, and give particular relationships between them. […] Adding semantics to the Web involves two things: allowing documents which have information in machine-readable forms, and allowing links to be created with relationship values. Only when we have this extra level of semantics will we be able to use computer power to help us exploit the information to a greater extent than our own reading.,[object Object]
Aims of the Semantic Web,[object Object],Bridging the gap between a Web of Documents to a Web of Data, with typed objects and typed relationships,[object Object],Adding machine-readable metadata to existing content, so that information can be parsed, queried, reused,[object Object],Defining shared semantics for this metadata to allow interoperability between applications and for advanced purposes, such as reasoning,[object Object],Enabling machine-readable knowledge at Web scale, making information more easy to find and process,[object Object]
A bit of history,[object Object],Memex, Vannevar Bush, 1945:,[object Object],“A device in which an individual stores all his books, records, and communications.”,[object Object],Augmenting Human Intellect, Douglas Engelbart, 1960: ,[object Object],“By ‘augmenting human intellect’ we mean increasing the capability of a man to approach a complex problem situation, to gain comprehension to suit his particular needs, and to derive solutions to problems.”,[object Object]
The Semantic Web, circa 2010,[object Object],Most standardisation work is done in the W3C:,[object Object],http://www.w3.org/,[object Object],The Semantic Web activity:,[object Object],http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/,[object Object],Incubator Groups, Working Group, Interest Groups:,[object Object],WGs for SPARQL, RDB2RDF, RIF, etc.,[object Object],HCLS IG, Social Web XG, etc.,[object Object]
image from www.w3.org/2007/03/layerCake.png,[object Object],The Semantic Web stack,[object Object]
Identifying resources with URIs,[object Object],URIs are used to identify everything in a unique and non-ambiguous way:,[object Object],Not only pages (as on the current Web), but any resource (people, documents, books, interests, etc.),[object Object],A URI for a person is different from a URI for a document about the person, because a person is not a document!,[object Object],e.g. http://dbpedia.org/resource/Galway,[object Object]
Defining assertions with RDF,[object Object],URIs identify resources:,[object Object],How do we define assertions about these resources?,[object Object],We use RDF (Resource Description Framework):,[object Object],A data model; a directed, labeled graph using URIs,[object Object],Various serialisations (RDF/XML, N3, RDFa, etc.),[object Object],RDF is based on triples:,[object Object],<subject> <predicate> <object> .,[object Object]
RDF by example,[object Object],@prefix dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/> . ,[object Object],<http://example.org/dm110-semweb>,[object Object],dct:title“Introduction to the Semantic Web” ;,[object Object],dct:author <http://apassant.net/alex> ;,[object Object],dct:subject <http://dbpedia.org/resource/Semantic_Web> .,[object Object]
RDFa,[object Object],A way of embedding RDF in (X)HTML documents:,[object Object],One page for both humans and machines,[object Object],Don’t need to repeat yourself,[object Object],Introducing new XHTML attributes,[object Object],Current work is ongoing on RDFa 1.1:,[object Object],For profiles, etc.,[object Object]
RDFa example,[object Object]
Defining semantics with ontologies,[object Object],RDF provides a way to write assertions about URIs:,[object Object],But what about the semantics of these assertions, e.g. to state that http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/knows identifies an acquaintance relationship?,[object Object],Ontologies provide common semantics for resources on the Semantic Web:,[object Object],“An ontology is a specification of a conceptualization”,[object Object],RDFS and OWL have different expressiveness levels,[object Object]
Ontologies consist mainly of classes and properties,[object Object],:Person a rdfs:Class .,[object Object],:father a rdfs:Property .,[object Object],:father rdfs:domain :Person .,[object Object],:father rdfs:range :Person .,[object Object]
Metadata and ontologies,[object Object]
Notable ontologies,[object Object],Social networks and social data: ,[object Object],FOAF, SIOC,[object Object],Software development: ,[object Object],DOAP, BEATLE,[object Object],Comprehensive / top-level: ,[object Object],Yago, OpenCYC,[object Object],Taxonomies and controlled vocabularies: ,[object Object],SKOS,[object Object]
Linked Data,[object Object],Building a “Web of Data” to enhance the current Web,[object Object],Exposing, sharing and connecting data about things via dereferenceable URIs,[object Object],The Linking Open Data (LOD) project:,[object Object],http://linkeddata.org/,[object Object],Translating existing datasets into RDF and linking them together, for example DBpedia (Wikipedia) and GeoNames, Freebase, BBC programmes, etc.,[object Object],Governement data also available as Linked Data,[object Object]
The LOD cloud,[object Object],2007,[object Object],2008,[object Object]
The LOD cloud,[object Object],2008,[object Object],2009,[object Object]
image from richard.cyganiak.de/2007/10/lod/lod-datasets_2009-07-14.png,[object Object]
Representation models for the Social Semantic Web,[object Object],Using ontologies to model social data,[object Object]
Semantics can help social websites, and vice versa,[object Object],By using agreed-upon semantic formats to describe people, content objects and the connections that bind them all together, social media sites can interoperate by appealing to common semantics,[object Object],Developers are already using semantic technologies to augment the ways in which they create, reuse, and link profiles and content on social media sites (using FOAF, XFN / hCard, SIOC, etc.),[object Object],In the other direction, object-centered social networks can serve as rich data sources for semantic applications,[object Object]
The Social Semantic Web,[object Object]
FOAF,[object Object],Friend Of A Friend,[object Object]
The Social Semantic Web
FOAF (Friend-of-a-Friend),[object Object],An ontology for describing people and the relationships that exist between them:,[object Object],http://foaf-project.org/,[object Object],Identity, personal profiles and social networks,[object Object],Can be integrated with other SW vocabularies,[object Object],FOAF on the Web:,[object Object],LiveJournal, MyOpera, identi.ca, MyBlogLog, hi5, Fotothing, Videntity, FriendFeed, Ecademy, Typepad,[object Object]
FOAF (Friend-of-a-Friend),[object Object]
FOAF (Friend-of-a-Friend),[object Object]
FOAF at a glance,[object Object]
FOAF from Flickr,[object Object]
FOAF from Twitter,[object Object]
Exporting FOAF data,[object Object],Facebook:,[object Object],http://www.dcs.shef.ac.uk/~mrowe/foafgenerator.html,[object Object],Twitter:,[object Object],http://semantictweet.com/,[object Object],Flickr:,[object Object],http://apassant.net/blog/2007/12/18/rdf-export-flickr-profiles-foaf-and-sioc/,[object Object],And many more (Drupal 7, WordPress plug-ins, etc.),[object Object]
Distributed identity with FOAF,[object Object]
Interlinking identities and networks,[object Object]
Cross-site social recommendations with FOAF,[object Object]
Distributed authentication with FOAF+SSL,[object Object]
SIOC,[object Object],Semantically-Interlinked Online Communities,[object Object]
SIOC, pronounced shock,[object Object],image from tinyurl.com/siocshock,[object Object]
Semantically-Interlinked Online Communities (SIOC),[object Object],An effort from DERI, NUI Galway to discover how we can create / establish ontologies on the Semantic Web,[object Object],Goal of the SIOC ontology is to address interoperability issues on the (Social) Web,[object Object],http://sioc-project.org/,[object Object],SIOC has been adopted in a framework of 50 applications or modules deployed on over 400 sites,[object Object],Various domains: Web 2.0, enterprise information integration, HCLS, e-government,[object Object]
61,[object Object],The aims of SIOC,[object Object],To “semantically-interlink online communities”,[object Object],To fully describe content / structure of social websites,[object Object],To create new connections between online discussion posts and items, forums and containers,[object Object],To enable the integration of online community info,[object Object],To browse connected Social Web items in interesting and innovative ways,[object Object],To overcome the chicken-and-egg problem with the Semantic Web,[object Object]
The Social Semantic Web
Some of the SIOC core ontology classes and properties,[object Object]
64,[object Object]
Designed to fit with other ontologies,[object Object]
Combining SIOC and FOAF,[object Object]
The Social Semantic Web
68,[object Object],From last October,[object Object]
SIOC and other RDFa in Drupal 7,[object Object],Drupal is a CMS used by whitehouse.gov, warnerbrosrecords.com, uk.sun.com, motogp.com... ,[object Object],Two alpha versions of Drupal 7 released already, Semantic Web support built-in (RDFa),[object Object],Full version expected soon,[object Object]
Semantic search,[object Object]
71,[object Object]
72,[object Object],Find out more about the SIOC project,[object Object]
Semantic presence,[object Object],Modeling presence and status updates using semantics,[object Object]
Motivations,[object Object],There is a need to unify presence information and status notification processes across different services:,[object Object],Twitter, Facebook, Foursquare, etc.,[object Object],We can solve the information overload issue at the same time, by providing a means to identify who / which community the information should reach,[object Object]
Online PresenceOntology,[object Object],@@ TODO,[object Object]
The OPO model,[object Object]
Sharing spaces allow us to…,[object Object],Solve the identity fragmentation problem related to status messages sharing:,[object Object],We may not want to share the same information to different people,[object Object],Model whom information is directed to:,[object Object],e.g. “Social media-aware people”, “Family contacts”, “Good friends”, “Work colleagues”, etc.,[object Object],Build with OPO, using rules defined in SPARQL, the query language for RDF,[object Object]
@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#>.@prefix opo: <http://ggg.milanstankovic.org/opo/ns#>.@prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/>.@prefix sioc: <http://rdfs.org/sioc/ns#>.,[object Object],:Fred rdf:typefoaf:Agent;foaf:mbox <mailto:fred@gmail.com>.,[object Object],:myCustomMessagerdf:typesioc:Post;sioc:content "anybody in for a drink tonight?".,[object Object],:MyCurrentPresencerdf:typeopo:OnlinePresence;opo:customMessage :myCustomMessage;opo:startTime "2008-03-01T18:51:19";opo:intendedFor<http://example.org/FamilyFriendsBedrock>,[object Object],:Betty opo:declaresOnlinePresence :MyCurrentPresence.,[object Object]
@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#>.@prefix opo: <http://ggg.milanstankovic.org/opo/ns#>.@prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/>.@prefix sioc: <http://rdfs.org/sioc/ns#>.,[object Object],:Fred rdf:typefoaf:Agent;foaf:mbox <mailto:fred@gmail.com>.,[object Object],:myCustomMessagerdf:typesioc:Post;sioc:content "anybody in for a drink tonight?".,[object Object],:MyCurrentPresencerdf:typeopo:OnlinePresence;opo:customMessage :myCustomMessage;opo:startTime "2008-03-01T18:51:19";opo:intendedFor <http://example.org/FamilyFriendsBedrock>,[object Object],:Betty opo:declaresOnlinePresence :MyCurrentPresence.,[object Object],PREFIX foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/>,[object Object],PREFIX rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#>,[object Object],PREFIX rel: <http://purl.org/vocab/relationship>,[object Object],CONSTRUCT,[object Object],{                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             ,[object Object],  <http://example.org/ns#FamilyFriendsBedrock> rdf:typeopo:SharingSpace;,[object Object],foaf:member?person.,[object Object],},[object Object],WHERE,[object Object],{,[object Object], { ?person rel:friendOf_ <http://flintstones.org/Fred> } UNION ,[object Object], { ?person rel:spouseOf_ <http://flintstones.org/Fred> } UNION,[object Object], { ?person rel:childOf_ <http://flintstones.org/Fred> } .,[object Object], ?person foaf:basedNear <http://imaginary.geonames.org/bedrock/> .,[object Object],},[object Object]
Semantic tagging,[object Object],Bridging the gap between folksonomies and ontologies,[object Object]
Tagging issues,[object Object],Tagging enables user-generated classification of content with evolving and user-driven vocabularies,[object Object],But it also raises various issues:,[object Object],Tag ambiguity:,[object Object],“apple” = fruit or computer brand?,[object Object],Tag heterogeneity:,[object Object],“socialmedia”, “social_media”, “socmed”,[object Object],Lack of organisation:,[object Object],No links between tags, e.g. “SPARQL” and “RDF”,[object Object]
Use case illustrating such issues,[object Object],Corporate use case > 3 years, 12257 tags, 21614 posts:,[object Object],54.2% of tags used once, 75.77% used <= 3 times,[object Object],Lots of valuable information lost in the long tail,[object Object],Tagging and expertise gap:,[object Object],194 items tagged with “TF” (= Thin Film),[object Object],1% of them tagged with “solar”,[object Object],< 0.5% of “solar” items tagged “TF”,[object Object],Both tags are weakly related from a co-occurrence point of view, clustering cannot be efficiently used,[object Object]
The long tail of tags,[object Object]
The Social Semantic Web
The Tag Ontology,[object Object],The “Tag Ontology” by Newman from 2005:,[object Object],http://www.holygoat.co.uk/projects/tags/,[object Object],Based on Gruber’s tag model,[object Object],tags:Tag rdfs:subClassOf skos:Concept,[object Object],A “Tagging” class describing relationships between:,[object Object],A user,[object Object],An annotated resource,[object Object],Some tags,[object Object]
SCOT,[object Object],SCOT (Social Semantic Cloud of Tags):,[object Object],http://scot-project.org/,[object Object],A model to describe tagclouds (tags and co-occurrence),[object Object],Ability to move your own tagcloud from one service to another,[object Object],Share tagclouds between services, and between users,[object Object],“Tag portability”,[object Object]
MOAT,[object Object],MOAT (Meaning Of A Tag):,[object Object],http://moat-project.org/,[object Object],A model to define “meanings” of tags,[object Object],e.g. SPARQL ->http://dbpedia.org/resource/SPARQL,[object Object],User-driven interlinking,[object Object],Tagged content enters the “Linked Data” web,[object Object],Collaborative approach to share meanings in a community,[object Object]
MOAT with DBpedia example data,[object Object]
Tagging process with MOAT and DBpedia,[object Object]
MOAT in Drupal,[object Object]
CommonTag,[object Object],CommonTag:,[object Object],http://commontag.org/,[object Object],A joint effort by AdaptiveBlue, DERI at NUI Galway, Faviki, Freebase, Yahoo!, Zemanta and Zigtag,[object Object],Linking tags to meaningful resource (à la MOAT),[object Object]
Life cycle for CommonTag data,[object Object]
NiceTag,[object Object],NiceTag Ontology:,[object Object],Tagging meets speech act theory,[object Object],Focus on the link between a tag and a tagged item,[object Object]
Extracting ontologies from tags,[object Object],FolksOntology:,[object Object],Semi-assisted extraction of relationships between tags,[object Object],FLOR:,[object Object],FoLksonomy Ontology enRichment,[object Object],http://flor.kmi.open.ac.uk/,[object Object],Automated approach to identify tag meanings,[object Object],Can be combined with the previous models for a complete semantic tagging stack,[object Object]
The Social Semantic Web
Mining hierarchical relationships from co-occurrence of tags by Halpin et al.,[object Object]
LODr: semantic tagging for social data,[object Object]
Faviki: bookmarking meets DBpedia,[object Object]
Unifying conversations,[object Object],Some more semantically-enhanced systems,[object Object]
Linking IRC to the Web of Data,[object Object]
Mailing lists,[object Object]
102,[object Object],Bulletin boards,[object Object]
SMOB,[object Object]
Distributedarch,[object Object]
An ontology stack for microblogging,[object Object],Combining the previous vocabularies for a complete representation of microblogging and microblogging activities,[object Object],Each microblog post is available in RDF (RDFa + raw RDF) on the publisher’s hub, using these models,[object Object]
Semantic #tagging,[object Object],User-driven interlinking,[object Object],Real-time URIs are suggested when writing content,[object Object],Added ability to add new webservices (e.g. enterprise microblogging),[object Object]
Semantic microblogging mashups,[object Object]
SPARQLing Social Semantic Web data,[object Object],Find all posts and their titles by John, using SELECT, and combining vocabularies (DC, SIOC, SIOC Types):,[object Object],SELECT ?post ?title,[object Object],WHERE {,[object Object],  ?post rdf:type sioct:BlogPost ;,[object Object],  dc:title ?title ;,[object Object],  sioc:has_creator <$johns_URI> .,[object Object],},[object Object]
SPARQLing Social Semantic Web data (2),[object Object],Find all users that posted replies to John’s blog since January 2008, introducing the FILTER clause:,[object Object],SELECT ?who,[object Object],WHERE {,[object Object],  ?post rdf:type sioct:BlogPost ; dc:title ?title ;,[object Object],    sioc:has_creator <$johns_URI> .,[object Object],  ?post sioc:has_reply ?reply .,[object Object],  ?reply sioc:has_creator ?who ;,[object Object],    dcterms:created ?date .,[object Object],  FILTER (?date > "2008-01-01T00:00:00Z"^^xsd:dateTime),[object Object],},[object Object]
SPARQLing Social Semantic Web data (3),[object Object],Find all content created by someone with a given OpenID URL:,[object Object],Browse someone’s social media contributions posted on various websites using different account names, but for the same person,[object Object],SELECT ?item,[object Object],WHERE { ,[object Object],  ?person foaf:openid <$openid> ;,[object Object],    foaf:holdsAccount ?user .,[object Object],  ?user sioc:creator_of ?item .,[object Object],},[object Object]
Parse SPARQL results,[object Object],SPARQL XML,[object Object],JSON:,[object Object],Easiest,[object Object],Many extensions (e.g. PHP5),[object Object],Many examples,[object Object]
Querying RDF files,[object Object],Redland: http://librdf.org,[object Object],Bindings: Available for PHP, Python, etc.,[object Object],Example in Python:,[object Object],Import RDFm = RDF.Model()m.load(‘http://apassant.net/foaf.rdf’)q = RDF.Query("SELECT ?s WHERE { ?s ?p ?o .}")results = q1.execute(model)for result in results:	print result[’s'],[object Object]
Need more data?,[object Object],Translate any data to SIOC:,[object Object],Re-use SIOC tools for non-SIOC data,[object Object],Semantic Pipes:,[object Object],http://pipes.deri.org/,[object Object],SPARQL constructs:,[object Object],The “XSLT” of RDF; translate a set of RDF data from one graph format to another,[object Object],CONSTRUCT { ?x a sioc:Post . ?xsioc:has_creator ?y },[object Object],WHERE { ?x a myont:BlogElement . ?xmyont:created_by ?y },[object Object],113,[object Object]
From data to knowledge,[object Object],Semantic wikis,[object Object]
Issues with traditional wikis,[object Object],Structured access,[object Object],Information reuse,[object Object],Made for humans, not machines,[object Object],JohnGrisham,[object Object],He is the author of PelicanBrief.He lives in Mississippi.,[object Object],He writes a book each year.,[object Object],He is published by RandomHouse.,[object Object],Structured access:,[object Object],[object Object]
All authors that live in Europe? (query)Information reuse:,[object Object],[object Object]
And what if I don't speak English? (translation),[object Object]
From wikis to semantic wikis,[object Object]
Structure / content,[object Object]
SemperWiki,[object Object]
Semantic MediaWiki,[object Object],An extension of MediaWiki, allowing users to add structured information to pages:,[object Object],Classifying links, e.g. making a relationship such as “capital of” between Berlin and Germany explicit:,[object Object],... [[capital of::Germany]] ... resulting in the semantic statement "Berlin" "capital of" "Germany",[object Object],Defining assertions:,[object Object],... the population is [[population:=3,993,933]] ... resulting in the semantic statement "Berlin" "has population" "3993933",[object Object],Currently the most widely-deployed semantic wiki,[object Object]
Input using Semantic MediaWiki,[object Object]
One possible output from a SMW query,[object Object]
IkeWiki,[object Object]
UfoWiki,[object Object]
FromWikipedia…,[object Object]
…to DBpedia,[object Object],@@ TODO,[object Object]
DBpedia mobile,[object Object]
Semantic social networks,[object Object],Using semantics in the analysis of social networks and social websites,[object Object]
SNA with semantics,[object Object],Combining ontologies, folksonomies and SNA:,[object Object],Mika, “Ontologies Are Us”, ISWC 2005,[object Object],Ontology and SPARQL extensions for common SNA patterns:,[object Object],Ereteo et al., ISWC 2009,[object Object],SPARQL extensions (most are now in SPARQL 1.1):,[object Object],San Martin et al., ESWC 2009,[object Object]
boards.ie use case,[object Object],10 years of conversations, 150k users, 7M posts:,[object Object],Analysing the structured data that people link to,[object Object],To appear in Kinsella et al., i-Semantics 2010 ,[object Object]
From raw data to rich data,[object Object]
The Social Semantic Web
Some of the main sources of structured data,[object Object]
New possibilities for SNA and SMA,[object Object]
Semantic Enterprise 2.0,[object Object],Enterprise 2.0 goes semantic,[object Object]
Some serious applications for Web 2.0,[object Object],Web 2.0 in research environments:,[object Object],Using wikis for project proposals,[object Object],Scientific community blogging (e.g. Nature Network),[object Object]
Enterprise 2.0,[object Object],Web 2.0 includes applications such as blogs, wikis, RSS feeds and social networking, while Enterprise 2.0 is the packaging of those technologies in both corporate IT and workplace environments:,[object Object],Corporate blogging, wikis, microblogging,[object Object],Social networking within organisations, etc.,[object Object],“Enterprise 2.0 is the use of emergent social software platforms within companies, or between companies and their partners or customers” - McAfee, MIT Sloan, 2006,[object Object]
Enterprise 2.0 and the Web,[object Object],Many enterprises have an online presence on various Web 2.0 services to reach their customers:,[object Object],Twitter,[object Object],Slideshare,[object Object],Facebook,[object Object],Flickr,[object Object],LinkedIn,[object Object],etc.,[object Object]
The SLATES acronym,[object Object],Search: Easy and relevant access to information,[object Object],Links: Enable better browsing capabilities between content,[object Object],Authoring: Easy interfaces to produce content, in a collaborative way,[object Object],Tagging: User-generated classification, enables serendipity and knowledge discovery,[object Object],Extension: Recommendation of relevant content,[object Object],Signals: Identify relevant content,[object Object]
Social aspects of Enterprise 2.0,[object Object],Enterprise 2.0 introduces new paradigms in organisations with regards to knowledge sharing and communication patterns:,[object Object],Enterprise 2.0 is a philosophy,[object Object],Enterprise 2.0’s success depends on a company’s background:,[object Object],A study by AIIM showed that 41% of companies do not have a clear understanding of what Enterprise 2.0 is, while this percentage goes down to 15% in KM-oriented companies.,[object Object]
Keys to Enterprise 2.0 adoption,[object Object],Combining top-down and bottom-up approaches helps to realise Enterprise 2.0:,[object Object],Top-down: Hierarchy (bosses!) sets up new tools and requires that various sections use them,[object Object],Bottom-up: Users become evangelists and word-of-mouth improves the number of new users:,[object Object],http://strange.corante.com/2006/03/05/an-adoption-strategy-for-social-software-in-enterprise,[object Object],http://many.corante.com/archives/2004/10/27/middlespace.php,[object Object]
Business metrics for Enterprise 2.0,[object Object],13% of the Fortune 500 companies have a public blog maintained by their employees,[object Object],Forrester Research predicts a global market for Enterprise 2.0 solutions of 4.6 billion dollars by 2013, and according to Gartner, more social computing platforms will be adopted by companies in next 10 years,[object Object],Lots of companies and products in this space:,[object Object],Awareness, Mentor Scout, SelectMinds, introNetworks, Jive Software, Visible Path, Web Crossing, SocialText, etc.,[object Object]
Open-source applications ,[object Object],Open-source Web 2.0 apps can be efficiently used in organisations to build Enterprise 2.0 ecosystems:,[object Object],Blogging: WordPress, etc.,[object Object],Wikis: MediaWiki, MoinMoin, etc.,[object Object],RSS readers and APIs: MagpieRSS, etc.,[object Object],Integrated CMSs: Drupal, etc.,[object Object]
Information fragmentation issues,[object Object],Heterogeneity of people, services, needs and practices leads to various services and tools being deployed,[object Object],By using various services (blogs, wikis, etc.), information about a particular object (e.g. a project) is fragmented over a company’s network:,[object Object],Getting a global picture is difficult,[object Object],Applications act as independent data silos, with different APIs, different data formats, etc.:,[object Object],Data integration can be a costly task,[object Object]
Lack of machine-readable data and tagging issues,[object Object],Enterprise 2.0 enables and encourages people to provide valuable content inside organisations:,[object Object],However, information is complex to re-use, generally remains locked inside services, and is for human-consumption only,[object Object],Some queries cannot be answered automatically:,[object Object],“List all the US-based companies involved in sustainable energies”,[object Object],Plus there’s the aforementioned issue with tagging,[object Object]
Semantic Web in enterprises,[object Object],Semantic Web technologies are already widely used in organisations:,[object Object],Ontology-based information management,[object Object],Semantic middleware between databases ,[object Object],Intelligent portals,[object Object],etc.,[object Object],Semantic Web Education and Outreach (W3C):,[object Object],http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/sweo/public/UseCases/,[object Object],NASA, Eli Lilly, Oracle, Yahoo!, Sun, etc.,[object Object]
A Semantic Enterprise 2.0 architecture,[object Object],Lightweight add-ons to existing applications to provide RDF data:,[object Object],Exporters, wrappers, dedicated scripts, etc.,[object Object],Taking into account the social aspect (e.g. semantic wikis),[object Object],Models to give meaning to this RDF data:,[object Object],Domain ontologies, taxonomies, etc.,[object Object],Applications on the top of it:,[object Object],Thanks to RDF(S)/OWL and SPARQL,[object Object]
The RDF Bus approach,[object Object],RDF Bus architecture (Tim Berners-Lee):,[object Object],Add-ons to produce RDF data from existing Web 2.0 applications,[object Object],Store distributed data using RDF stores,[object Object],Create new applications:,[object Object],Semantic mashups,[object Object],Semantic search,[object Object],Open architecture thanks to a SPARQL endpoint, services as plugins to the architecture,[object Object]
Relational DB to RDF mapping,[object Object],Relational data (RDB) is structured data and can be mapped to RDF straightforward:,[object Object],Allows integration of existing enterprise databases into the Semantic Enterprise 2.0 architecture,[object Object],Main issues include: closed-world vs. open-world modeling; assigning URIs for entities (records); mapping language expressivity,[object Object],For a state-of-the-art see http://www.w3.org/2005/Incubator/rdbrdf/RDB2RDF_SurveyReport.pdf,[object Object]
LOD and Semantic Enterprise 2.0,[object Object],Huge potential for internal IT infrastructures to enhance existing applications (mashups, extended UIs, etc.):,[object Object],Integration of open and structured data from various sources at minor cost,[object Object],Issue: dependance on external services, replication may be required,[object Object],RSS is already widely used in organisations as a way to get information from the Web, LOD provides structured data to extend IT ecosystems,[object Object]
Reusing LOD example (BBC Music Beta),[object Object]
Semantic Enterprise 2.0 use cases,[object Object],Electricité De France R&D:,[object Object],Integration of Enterprise 2.0 components using lightweight semantics,[object Object],Ecospace EU project:,[object Object],Interoperability of collaborative work environments,[object Object],European Space Agency:,[object Object],Integration of document repositories, databases and intranet data,[object Object]
Use case: EDF R&D,[object Object]
Use case: CWE interoperability,[object Object],private folders,[object Object],BC semantic folder,[object Object],BSCW shadow folder,[object Object]
Use case: European Space Agency,[object Object]
Recent developments,[object Object],Facebook Open Graph, Twitter Annotations, etc.,[object Object]
Facebook Open Graph,[object Object],Allows metadata from external pages to be embedded (and claimed) within Facebook,[object Object],e.g. metadata about a restaurant (name, location, contacts) could be imported into a Facebook news feed via a “Like” button,[object Object],Good for Facebook, good for the Semantic Web?,[object Object],Yes, for both!,[object Object]
A sample thing described using the OGP,[object Object]
How we could link Open Graph things to blog posts / reviews,[object Object]
OGP RDF schema (FOAF, DC, SIOC, GR),[object Object]
Twitter Annotations,[object Object],A forthcoming initiative by Twitter whereby it will be possible to attach arbitrary metadata to any tweet:,[object Object],Subject to an overall limit for the metadata payload,[object Object],May be possible to attach RDF-type statements,[object Object],Going beyond annotating tweets with geotemporal information:,[object Object],Allowing new types and properties for tweets,[object Object]
What if your car could tweet?,[object Object],image from knightriderfestival.com,[object Object]
Diaspora effort,[object Object],http://nyti.ms/aDYjKQ and http://joindiaspora.com,[object Object]
OneSocialWeb,[object Object]
Appleseed project,[object Object]
166,[object Object],Lots more efforts……but not joined up!,[object Object],Social Graph API,[object Object],DiSo,[object Object],DataPortability,[object Object]
Everywhere real-time streams,[object Object],image from sonyericsson.com,[object Object]
Some conclusions,[object Object],We’re not there yet, but we’re getting there…,[object Object]
This area is hot right now,[object Object],image from tinyurl.com/fireflames,[object Object]
170,[object Object],A vocabulary onion, building on FOAF, SKOS, SIOC, SIOC Types, DC,[object Object]
171,[object Object],Disconnected sites on the Social Web / Web 2.0 can be linked using Semantic Web vocabularies,[object Object]
The Social Semantic Web
The Social Semantic Web
174,[object Object],Summary,[object Object],Object-centred sociality refers to how we really use social websites:,[object Object],Can use semantics to describe this usage, by representing objects for linkage and reuse,[object Object],[object Object],Interlinking disconnected sites and profiles:,[object Object],Leveraging a “vocabulary onion” of ontologies,[object Object],Providing solutions for novel uses in organisations:,[object Object],Not just for the “Social” Web, but for Enterprise 2.0,[object Object]
image from tinyurl.com/starshiptr,[object Object]
…now at Amazon.com,[object Object],Our new book…,[object Object]
References,[object Object],http://tinyurl.com/sswrefs,[object Object]

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Notes de l'éditeur

  1. FIX THE TRIPLES
  2. Alex
  3. Alex
  4. CHANGED